Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Systolic pressure, not the diastolic pressure expresses better the relationship between age and blood pressure changes in a community sample of adults","authors":"A. Bamaiyi, Habib Madaki, Hamis Musa, A. Usman, M. Zagga, B. Tambuwal, H. Umar","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_19_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_19_22","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Hypertension is an important cause of the cardiovascular disease (CVD). Blood pressure (BP) elevations and the associated complications are influenced by age. Aim: To evaluate age-related variations in systolic BP, diastolic BP, and the derived pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), as well as pulse rate (PR) in a community sample of adults in Sokoto. Settings and Design: Adult individuals, predominantly non-hypertensive, non-diabetic that attended a free medical screening in a Sokoto community, Northwestern Nigeria were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Blood pressure, anthropometry, and random blood glucose were measured. Statistical Analysis Used: Database storage and analysis were carried out using IBM SPSS, version 23.0. Results: Systolic BP correlates with age increases beyond other BP parameters (standardized β-coefficient of systolic BP = 0.4071, R2 = 0.0933, Diastolic BP = 0.1485, R2 = 0.0409, PP = 0.2587, R2 = 0.0661, MAP = 0.2347, R2 = 0.0757, PR = -0.0087, R2 = 0.0001). The same trend was observed when age-dependent variations in the BP parameters were assessed independent of body weights (Fcrit = 2.398, F = 151.911, df = 4, P = 0.000) and independent of the steady state pressure, MAP (Fcrit = 2.637, F = 795.975, P = 0.000). However, when the population is considered by age categories of ≤50 years or >50 years separately, diastolic BP rather than the systolic BP better explain the relationship in the ≤50 years category. Conclusion: Although all the components of BP should be monitored when treating hypertension in adults, systolic BP and its derivative PP be given more attention.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"34 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88142316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Psychiatric Morbidities among Pupils in Traditional Almajiri and Almajiri-Integrated Model Schools in Sokoto Metropolis, Northwest Nigeria","authors":"A. Abubakar, Zahra Habib, M. Gudaji","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_53_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_53_22","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Almajiri pupils are a form of street children, belonging to children on the street. Streetism is associated with a lot of physical and social stress. Aim: This study examined the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and sociodemographic factors among pupils in traditional Almajiri (Tsangaya) and Almajiri Integrated Model Schools (AIMS) in Sokoto metropolis, northwest Nigeria. Methods and Materials: Pupils within the ages of 6–17 years participated in this cross-sectional comparative study. Through a multistage sampling technique, 96 pupils from each of Tsangaya and AIMS were selected as an equal sample. The Kiddies Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, Present and Lifetime (K-SADS-PL), and sociodemographic variables were assessed. The Statistical Package for Social Science version 21 software for windows was used to analyze the data. Results: We studied 192 all male pupils, whose mean age and standard deviations were 13.01 ± 2.30 and 12.91 ± 2.15 years in Tsangaya and AIMS, respectively. Overall, the prevalence of psychiatric morbidities was 27.6%, in a proportion of 67.9% to 32.1% in Tsangaya and AIMS, respectively. The common psychiatric disorders in this study were depression, enuresis, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Conclusion: Tsangaya pupils experience more psychiatric morbidity compared to their counterparts in AIMS. Neurotic disorders were found to be more prevalent among them. More AIMS should be created to reduce the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among the vulnerable children in Tsangaya.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"97 1","pages":"70 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81694769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathological correlations of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and tumor grade among prostate cancer patients in Kano, Nigeria","authors":"A. Abdullahi, A. Umar, Aminu Mohammed, K. Abdulsalam","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_44_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_44_22","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men of black extraction afflicting mostly the elderly with attendant morbidity and mortality. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is the most widely used tumor marker for the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. Patients with raised PSA above 4ng/dl need further evaluation by needle biopsy, and those with cancer are graded using Gleason's score for appropriate prognostication. Aims: The study was aimed at establishing a correlation between PSA level and Gleason's tumor grade among patients with prostate cancer. Settings and Design: This is a prospective study of prostatic needle biopsies and serum PSA of prostate cancer patients over a period of 1 year. Materials and Methods: Venous blood samples for serum PSA were taken and analyzed in the laboratory using an automated in vitro immunoassay analyzer. Patients with raised PSA values (>4 ng/ml) were counseled and consented for trans-rectal needle biopsies and sampled using an 18-gauge biopsy needle; tissue samples were routinely processed and reviewed. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was performed by means of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 21. Results: The mean age of patients at presentation was 69 years with a range of 50 to 90 years and mean serum PSA of 78.8ng/dl. The dominant Gleason's scores were 7 and 8 with grade group 5 as the most predominant. There was however no significant correlation between serum PSA and tumor grade. Conclusions: Prostatic adenocarcinoma is associated with raised PSA, but tumor grade has no statistical correlation with PSA in patients seen at AKTH, Kano.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"62 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74274713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectrum of nasopharyngeal cancers seen in the department of radiation oncology university college hospital, Ibadan","authors":"A. Isah, U. Aliyu, A. Adenipekun, Oladapo Cambell, U. Ango","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_55_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_55_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Nasopharyngeal cancers were initially thought to be an uncommon disease in Nigeria, but recent studies have shown a steady increase in the incidence of the disease with an associated increase in morbidity and mortality due to late presentation. Aims: The aims are to evaluate the mode of presentation and referral pattern of nasopharyngeal cancer patients seen. Settings and Design: This was a retrospective review of patients with nasopharyngeal cancer seen in the department of Radiation Oncology U.C.H. Ibadan from 2000 to 2009. Methods and Material: Patients' biodata, clinical–pathologic presentation, and site of referral were retrieved using data extraction form and subsequently analyzed using Microsoft Excel (2013). Statistical Analysis Used: It is a descriptive analysis. Results: A total of 205 patients with histologically confirmed nasopharyngeal cancer seen during the study period were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 41.7 years with 144 (70.2%) males and 61 (29.8%) females. The commonest presenting complaint was cervical lymphadenopathy in 98.5% of patients followed by nasal blockade, nasal discharge, and epistaxis with 82.0%, 78.0%, and 51.2%, respectively. Undifferentiated carcinoma was the commonest histologic type (68.8%). Majority of patients were civil servants (33.2%). The habit of smoking and alcohol ingestion was unspecified in majority of patients (43.4%). Ingestion of smoked fish has been found in majority of patients (122, 59.5%) with the disease in this study. Most of the patients came from southern part of the country which coincides with the geographic distribution of Burkitt's lymphoma; hence, the possibility of Epstein–Barr virus as one of the likely causative agents. None of the patients presented with stage I disease, while most patients presented at stage III 129 (62.9%). Conclusions: Nasopharyngeal cancer is common. Cervical lymphadenopathy, nasal blockade with undifferentiated histology, and late presentation were the norm. Referrals were from all the regions of the country.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"57 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91153256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in the diagnosis and management of a patient with von Willebrand's disease in a resource-limited setting; A case report of a 7-year-old boy with massive cephal-hematoma","authors":"D. Haliru, Usman Makuku, Desmond Ojei","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_60_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_60_21","url":null,"abstract":"von Willebrand disease (vWD) is the commonest inherited bleeding disorder. In Nigeria like many other developing countries, there are only a few documented patients with this condition. This low number of patients with vWD in our setting is multifactorial; including lack of a high index of suspicion among clinicians, lack of diagnostic facilities, and unavailability of blood products and/or desmopressin used in treating bleeding episodes in these patients among others. We present a 7-year-old boy who presented to our facility with massive cephal-hematoma following trauma.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"92 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78108394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specialist embalming of burnt bodies in Nigeria using porcine analogues: A validation study","authors":"D. Onyejike, D. Akukwu, Soibitom Idoniboye-Obu, I. Onyejike, A. Agulanna, I. Obiesie, U. Aguwa","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_56_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_56_22","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Embalming of burnt bodies requires special attention. It also requires the restoration of distorted body structures. The difficulty in embalming burnt decomposing bodies in Anambra state, Nigeria led to this investigation; and hence, this pilot study provided suitable embalming methodology and fluid required to arrest early bloat stage of decomposition of burnt bodies using porcine models (Sus scrofa domestica). Materials and Methods: Animals were sacrificed and allowed to reach the early bloat stage of decomposition before embalming. The outcome of embalming was scored and recorded as post-embalming body score (PBS). A Pearson correlation analysis was used to test the relationship between the outcome of embalming and independent variables (embalming fluid volume, duration of embalming, atmospheric temperature, room temperature, and humidity). Results: The results showed that the independent variables that statistically affected the outcome of embalming include duration of embalming, embalming fluid volume, and room temperature. The independent variables that did not statistically affect the outcome of embalming include humidity and atmospheric temperature. Conclusion: An embalming mixture containing formalin, methanol, thymol, and water is suitable to arrest early decomposing burnt bodies via the arterial embalming technique, which is supplemented by hypodermic embalming technique.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"24 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80805746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic evaluation of stroke in Kano, North-Western Nigeria","authors":"H. Saidu, Aishatu Shuaibu, U. Nuhu, Lawrence Adeyeye, A. Ibrahim, L. Owolabi","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_52_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_52_22","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The cost of in-patient care for common non-communicable diseases is enormous, considering the health financing options in most developing countries. With the general economic down-turn in the country, and the predominant out-of-pocket payment for health service method by patients in our resource challenged settings, these patients usually incur catastrophic health expenditures. However, with the recent adoption of the contributory health schemes by some state governments to reduce the out-of-pocket payment by poorly remunerated citizens, studies on the cost of illness are imperative to enhance effective provider planning and administration. Aim: To estimate the cost of illness associated with managing acute stroke in Kano. Setting and Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study where eighty five adults with established diagnosis of stroke were enrolled using a cost of illness questionnaire. Prevalence-based costs were stratified by patients' socio-demographic characteristics and socio-economic scores (SES). The “bottomup” and “human capital” approaches were used to generate estimates of the direct and indirect costs, respectively. All estimates of the financial burden of the stroke were analyzed from the patients' perspective using Statistical Product and Services Solutions (IBM SPSS V.22). Results: A total of 85 patients participated in the study (AKTH-45, MMSH-40). Most were within the middle-age group (69.4%), had the ischemic stroke subtype (82.4%) and belong to the low socio-economic class (41.2%). The total costs of care for the 85 patients amounted to ₦8,753,623.00 ($21,339.37). The cost of illness for accessing care by a stroke patient was ₦102,983.80 ($251.05). The direct cost accounted for ₦72,730.00 ($177.40), and the indirect cost was ₦30,252.90 ($73.75). The projected economic burden of acute stroke care by adult population in Kano was also enormous. The health facility of care, stroke subtype, and length of hospital-stay accounted for the significant difference in cost of illness between the study patients (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Cost of illness in managing acute stroke care was found to be high, and with the sizeable proportion of the population belonging to the low socio-economic class, cost-effective primary preventive strategies to reduce risks for stroke is imperative.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"34 7 1","pages":"76 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77236208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limb salvage using maggot debridement therapy on a diabetic foot ulcer complicated by gas gangrene: First case report in Nigeria","authors":"M. Yusuf, Shamsuddeen Muhammad, U. Bello, M. Ibrahim","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_43_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_43_22","url":null,"abstract":"Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) has resurfaced three decades ago as a result of the steep rise in the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria and the need for an effective non-surgical method for wound debridement in the critically ill patients. This case study reports on the successful use of MDT to salvage the limb of the index patient who was booked for above knee amputation. The patient is a 53-year-old lady who presented with left foot ulcer of six weeks' duration to our facility. Sterile first instar larvae of L. sericata obtained from an indigenous company (Biosurg wound care Nigeria Limited) were applied using the confinement (free-ranged) method. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas fluorescens were isolated before the application of MDT. However, after the application, the wounds m/c/s yielded no growth. Rapid epithelization and increased vascularity of the tissues were observed in the patient after the application. Maggot debridement therapy was successfully used in the debridement of diabetic foot ulcer complicated by gas gangrene in Nigeria for the first time and the clinical outcome is encouraging.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"98 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90268889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of exercise interventions in pregnancy; A cross sectional survey of health care workers in Kaduna State","authors":"Amina Mohammed-Durosinlorun, F. Sani, R. Abubakar, Funmi Egwu, C. Mohammed, M. Taingson","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_11_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_11_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The potential benefits of exercise to pregnant women and their unborn children are immense, yet regular exercise prescription may not be the norm. Aims: Our study aimed to investigate the perceptions and practices of obstetric care providers regarding exercise in pregnancy. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey done in Kaduna state between July and December 2020. A pretested questionnaire was given to obstetric care providers and information was obtained about demographics, professional and facility characteristics of respondents, their perceptions, and practices related to exercise in pregnancy, and information they routinely give pregnant women regarding exercise. Descriptive analysis was done using frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation. Results: There were 265 respondents with a mean age of 34.23 ± 9.29 years. They were mostly females (215, 82.1%), married (171, 65.3%), Muslim (137, 52.3%), and Hausa (107, 40.8%). There were more nurses (153, 58.4%) from the public (212, 80.9%) and tertiary (133, 50.8%) health facilities. Almost all respondents agreed that exercise during pregnancy was beneficial (258, 98.5%). The commonest indication for exercise was cited as obesity and diabetes, whereas it was mostly contraindicated with bleeding while pregnant. The commonest barriers to exercise in pregnancy were the fear of pregnancy complications, inadequate knowledge, and high workload. Conclusion: Healthcare workers in this study generally had positive perceptions and practices toward exercise during pregnancy, except for the fact that they feel pregnant women should avoid strength-building exercises, and do not usually recommend individualized programs. Local guidelines need to be developed for EIP and providers better trained.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"113 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85619930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facial heights as predictors of occlusal vertical dimension in a Nigerian population: A pilot study","authors":"T. Adeyemi, Chikao Oguchi, P. Idon, Y. Adeyemo, Sabeer Iya, O. Ikusika","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_21_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_21_22","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Facial height measurements may aid in predicting occlusal vertical dimension (OVD). Aim: To compare facial third measurements among individuals with healthy occlusions for a predictive ratio for occlusal vertical dimension determination. Setting and Design: A cross-sectional prospective observational study at the Dental Clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. Sampling was purposive. Materials and Methods: A digital caliper was used to measure the upper facial height (UFH), the midfacial height (MFH), and the lower facial height (LFH) of 103 participants. Statistical Analysis Used: The data collected were analyzed with IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. The level of statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: There were 69 male (67%) and 34 female (33%) members in the cohort analyzed. The ages of the participants ranged from 18 to 58 years, with a mean age of 27.3 ± 6.8 years. The UFH ranged from 60 to 110 mm with a mean value of 82.2 ± 9.8 mm. The MFH ranged from 55 to 100 mm with mean value of 74.6 ± 9.9 mm. The LFH ranged from 60 to 90 mm with a mean of 73.2 ± 7.4 mm. There was a significantly positive correlation between UFH and LFH (r = 0.22). This was similar to that of MFH and LFH (r = 0.61). The best fit model equation for the prediction of LFH was found to be LFH = 31.495 + (0.442 × MFH). Conclusions: This study found MFH to be a predictable factor for LFH estimation which can be used for OVD determination.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"107 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89451630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}