Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"A single-center detection of adult patients with advanced periodontal disease using surgical assessment and cone-beam computed tomography","authors":"Ajay Chandran, M. Das, K. Gufran, M. Khan, A. Alqahtani, M. Chikkanna, C. Swarnalatha, J. Babu, A. Nayyar","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_66_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_66_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: One of the major limitations of conventional radiological procedures is the presence of considerable overlapping and lack of clear, three-dimensional information. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has emerged as an effective imaging modality in such situations offering high-quality images and lower radiation exposure to patients. Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the role of CBCT in the detection of intra-bony defects in patients with advanced periodontal disease. Settings and Design: The present study was designed as a prospective, observational study wherein patients aged between 35–55 years with advanced periodontal disease who were indicated for periodontal treatment in form of periodontal surgeries were selected from the outpatient department (OPD) based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients with chronic periodontitis with 12 teeth each including 6 anterior and 6 posterior teeth were selected for making measurements pre- and peri-operatively while bone defects were measured first with the help of CBCT software installed in an individualized system devised to be used for storing and analyzing CBCT images and then, during surgical intervention using standardized UNC-15 periodontal probe and compared. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The measurements obtained with the help of CBCT software installed in the personalized system and those obtained on surgical exploration were compared in each anterior and posterior tooth with the help of paired-sample t-test while Pearson's correlation(r) was used to test the correlation between the observed values. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The results were found to be highly significant both in terms of statistical (P-value) and clinical (r) significance for various sites in the anterior and posterior teeth in all instances. Conclusions: From the observations made from the present study, it could be concluded that CBCT provided highly precise assessment of bone topography equivalent to the judgment obtained during surgical exposure at the sites of interest preoperatively, which helped in assessing the exact type and depth of defect present and helped in optimizing surgical treatment planning.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"64 1","pages":"101 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73867575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with 12-month psycho-active substance use among police officers in Kano Metropolis, Kano, Nigeria","authors":"Kefas J. Kwaghe, F. Tsiga-Ahmed, T. Amole, M. Bello, R. Jalo, A. Kwaku, U. Ibrahim, Hadiza M. Abdullahi, A. Aminu","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_56_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_56_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Substance use is a widely recognized and pressing public health issue with grave consequences. It is important to prevent mishaps of substance use among the police. Aim: This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with 12-month psycho-active substance use among police officers in Kano, Nigeria. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among police officers serving within metropolitan Kano. Methods and Materials: Pre-validated, adapted, semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic, work-related data and information on psycho-active substance use. Statistical Analysis Used: Multi-variate logistic regression modeling was used to determine factors associated with psycho-active substance use. All analyses were performed using STATA/IC 15.0. Results: Among 275 officers with a mean age of 35.1 ± 7.7 years, 14.9% (n = 41) recently used one or more psycho-active substances within the last 12 months, and tobacco was the most commonly used (n = 41, 100%). A lower likelihood of substance use was found among officers who were in their fifth decade of life (aOR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.10–0.55), had tertiary education (aOR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.14–0.77), were inspectors (aOR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.16–0.61), were at the rank of ASP or higher (aOR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.30–0.78), and had been in service between 16 and 20 years (aOR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.11–0.65). Conclusion: Demographic and work-related characteristics influence the use of psycho-active substances among police officers in Nigeria. There is a need to revamp existing substance monitoring strategies to avoid catastrophic consequences of substance use among the society's gatekeepers.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"137 1","pages":"132 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86484449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sub-acute toxicity studies of the hypocotyl extract of Borassus Aethiopum on hepato-renal functions, and haematological indices in wistar rats","authors":"M. Ramalan, Adamu Shuaibu, U. Abdussalam, A. Yaro","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_8_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_8_22","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Borassus aethiopum is a tropical plant found in the most parts of West Africa. The fruits, sap, and hypocotyl are used for nutritional purposes and in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of various diseases and infertility. Despite its widespread use, there is insufficient data on its safety profile. Aim: This study is aimed to evaluate the safety of the plant on the hematological indices, liver, and kidney function. Materials and Methods: Twenty Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each and were orally administered with different doses of the extract (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) and 1 ml of distilled water, respectively, for 28 days. The median lethal dose (LD50) was determined using Lorke's method. The hematological indices, liver and kidney functions of the animals were assessed using standard procedures with the aid of an autoanalyzer. Result: The oral median lethal dose (LD50) was determined to be greater than 5000 mg/kg. No mortality was recorded in the rats after 28 days of daily treatment. With sub-chronic administration, no adverse toxicological effect was observed. There was also no significant difference observed in the hematological, liver, and kidney function parameters between the control group and extract-treated groups. Conclusion: The present study shows that methanol hypocotyl extract of Borassus aethiopum is pre-clinically safe in Wistar rats at the doses tested and may not likely produce any toxic effect on prolonged administration.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"145 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84645421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful application of Maggot Debridement Therapy (MDT) on a Fournier's gangrene: First case report in Nigeria","authors":"M. Yusuf, B. Ibrahim, A. Abubakar, S. Aji, F. Abubakar, M. Abubakar, A. Sheshe, Shamsuddeen Muhammad, Mustapha Ibrahim, U. Bello, M. Abbas, A. Muhammad, K. Adamu","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_42_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_42_22","url":null,"abstract":"Fournier's gangrene is a rapidly progressing soft tissue infection and a urological emergency affecting the external genitalia or the perineum. Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) has resurfaced as a result of the steep rise in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria and the need for an effective non-surgical method for wound debridement. This case study reports on a 66-year-old known diabetic who presented to our facility with complaints of scrotal swelling and multiple foul-smelling ulcers around the genital area. There was associated history of pain and fever for twelve-day duration. Sterile first instar larvae of L. sericata were applied using the free-ranged method. Significant decrease in the peri-wound oedema, rapid epithelization and increased vascularity were observed in the patient after the therapy. Maggot debridement therapy was successfully used in the debridement of Fournier's gangrene in Nigeria for the first time, and the clinical outcome is encouraging.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"164 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90066795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Massive maxillary peripheral giant cell granuloma in a 12-year-old male: Case report","authors":"George Ewansiha, Abdulrahman Goshi, I. Ibrahim, Abdulmanan Yahaya, B. Bamgbose, J. Asaumi","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_18_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_18_21","url":null,"abstract":"Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a benign, hyperplastic reactive lesion arising from the mucoperiosteum of the alveolar ridge following chronic irritation or trauma. It is characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells. We report a 12-year-old male with massive maxillary PGCG where ultrasonography was used as the first line of investigation to determine the severity and vascularity of the lesion based on differential diagnosis. The ultrasonographic findings showed well-defined hyperechoic multifocal echogenic areas and low-resistant spectral waveforms obtained on Doppler were consistent with benign soft tissue lesions. The histopathological examination showed that of a typical multinucleated giant cell with the diagnosis of PGCG.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"157 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78980109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting at entopic and ectopic sites: A diagnostic conundrum","authors":"Auwal Adamu, A. Ajiya, D. Suleiman, Yakubu Shirama","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_75_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_75_21","url":null,"abstract":"Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) mostly occurs within the thyroid gland (entopic site), with its occurrence within an ectopic thyroid tissue being rare comprising less than 1% of all thyroid cancers. The coexistence of PTC in entopic and ectopic sites is even rarer, and differentiating ectopic PTC from a metastatic cervical lymph node may pose a diagnostic conundrum. This report is aimed at highlighting the diagnostic challenges and treatment of this rare condition.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"117 1","pages":"161 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76172396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of urea, creatinine levels, and proteinuria among obese individuals within abakaliki metropolis","authors":"Ugomma A. Ude, M. Kalu, Chinenye Ogbonna, V. Usanga, S. Azi","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_74_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_74_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The deleterious effects of obesity on human health are systemic, and kidney dysfunction is now recognized as a health risk posed by obesity. Aim: The study was aimed at evaluating serum urea, creatinine levels, and proteinuria among obese individuals living in Abakaliki Metropolis. Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional study of individuals living within Abakaliki Metropolis between August 2020 and September 2021. Materials and Methods: A total of 242 participants made up of 168 obese and 74 non-obese who consented to the study were recruited. Blood and urine samples were collected for the estimation of urea, creatinine levels, and proteinuria. Anthropometric data were collected using meter rule and digital scale for calculation of body mass index (BMI). Demographic data were collected using structured questionnaires. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured using a digital sphygmomanometer under standard conditions. Statistical Analysis: The data generated were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 20.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago Illinois). Results: The results showed a higher BMI, SBP, DBP, urea, and creatinine levels in those with obesity than the non-obese. Females with obesity had non-significantly higher levels of urea and creatinine than males with obesity (P > 0.05). BMI, age, and SBP were observed to positively correlate with urea and creatinine levels among the obese. Participants in class II obesity had the highest urea level (6.37 ± 4.65) compared to other groups. Conclusion: A good control of weight helps to forestall progressive renal impairment.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"120 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83395702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality review in a maxillofacial center in Northern Nigeria","authors":"B. Fomete, R. Agbara, Modupeola A. Samaila, T.O. Agho, E. Ikekhuamen","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_14_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_14_22","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Mortality pattern is an essential component in health delivery globally. It is an important medical appraisal that should be made regularly. Mortality in maxillofacial patients often results from co-morbidity from others diseases as seen in Ludwig's angina and advanced stage malignancies. Aim: To document the causes of maxillofacial mortalities during a 12-year period. Materials and Methods: An analysis of all cases of death recorded in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of a Nigerian tertiary health Centre from January 2006 to December 2018. Results: A total of 3255 oral and maxillofacial patients were seen during 12-year period. About 65 deaths were recorded accounting for 2.0% of all cases of which 69.2% were males, whereas 30.8% females. The age group most affected was 30 to 39 with 23.1% closely followed by 20 to 29 with 21.5%. Conclusion: Cervicofacial infection was the commonest causes of mortality in oral and maxillofacial surgery in our environment.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"93 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82478406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding practice among nursing mothers: A prospective study in North-Western Nigeria","authors":"A. Adamu, K. O. Isezuo, M. Ali, F. Abubakar, F. Jiya, U. Ango, E. Yunusa, M. Bello","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_23_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_23_22","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is a key to achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs), but its practice has remained low in Nigeria, despite the strong evidences in support of EBF for the first six months of life. Setting and Design: This was a nine months descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among nursing mothers with children 6–24 months attending pediatric follow-up clinic and family health clinic of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto. Materials and Methods: Interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on the sociodemographic characteristics and EBF practices of mothers. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 240 mothers were interviewed. The mean age of the mothers was 29.7 ± 6 years. All the respondents breastfed their children, 82 (34.2%) practiced EBF for six months. Higher level of maternal education (P = 0.001), ANC attendance (P = 0.001), maternal occupation (P = 0.007), hospital delivery (P = 0.007) significantly influence the practice of EBF for six months. Conclusion: EBF practice was sub optimal. Thus, improving utilization of antenatal care, female education, and hospital delivery are crucial interventions to increase EBF practice toward achieving SDG-2 and 3 in Sokoto.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"139 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87844995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporomandibular joint dislocation: A 7-year retrospective study in Two Nigerian Teaching Hospitals","authors":"M. Adeyemi, M. Ernest, A. Ibikunle, Abdurrazaq Taiwo, Ifeanyi Ochingwa, Bruno Ile-Ogedengbe","doi":"10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_15_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_15_22","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation constitutes about 3% of all reported joint dislocations worldwide. The study presents our experience with TMJ dislocation and its management at two tertiary healthcare centers in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of patients managed for TMJ dislocation at two healthcare facilities over a period of 7 years was conducted. The diagnosis was clinical with confirmation by radiographic findings. Bio-data, predisposing conditions, duration of onset of presenting complaints, and treatment techniques were documented. Cases were classified as unilateral (right or left) or bilateral and they were further sub-classified as acute (less than or equal to 2 weeks of presentation to the clinic), chronic (greater than 2 weeks of presentation to the clinic), or recurrent (more than one episode of dislocation before presentation). Results: A total of 25 cases were analyzed. There was a slight male preponderance 13 (52%) observed with a male/female ratio of 1.1: 1. The mean age is 35.52 ± 17.36 years and a range of 15-80 years. Majority 18 (72%) of the patients were diagnosed with acute TMJ dislocation. The principal predisposing factor was yawning 12 (48%) and most of the patients had bilateral TMJ dislocation 19 (76%). Hippocratic maneuver was the treatment main method of choice in 14 (56%) of the patients. Conclusion: Bilateral TMJ dislocation was the most common pattern seen in our environment.","PeriodicalId":19224,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"96 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89801775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}