Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Hemoglobin SS Nigerian Woman First Diagnosed at the Age of 52 years with Manifestation Mimicking Tuberculosis of the Spine.","authors":"Ngozi Immaculata Ugwu,&nbsp;Emmanuel Okechukwu Nna,&nbsp;Agama Nnachi Egwu,&nbsp;Ejike Augustine Okoye","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_220_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.NMJ_220_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited disorder of hemoglobin due to the presence of abnormal hemoglobin in a homozygous state. Manifestation is usually in infancy or early childhood due to gradual decrease in hemoglobin F level as age advances. Diagnosis in middle age is unusual. We present a woman who was diagnosed of SCA for the first time at middle age. The aim was to bring to the knowledge of physicians that patients with SCA can also present late so high index of suspicion is required to make diagnosis. A 52-year-old woman presented to orthopedic clinic with complaints of generalized bone pain and low back pain. There was no history of trauma prior to the onset of the pain. There was no associated fever, weight loss, loss of appetite, nor weakness of the lower limbs. X-ray of the spine done showed wedge collapse of the 12^th thoracic and first lumbar vertebrae with posterior angulation of the thoracolumbar junction giving dorsal kyphosis. Her mode of presentation raised a suspicion of tuberculosis of the spine to rule out multiple myeloma. However, investigations for tuberculosis and multiple myeloma were all negative. This necessitated the investigation for SCA and the diagnosis was confirmed. The diagnosis of SCA is usually made in infancy or early childhood. High index of suspicion is required to make the diagnosis at middle age.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"61 2","pages":"106-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/00/a8/NMJ-61-106.PMC7357801.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38161373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Factors Associated with Neonatal Sepsis in a Tertiary Hospital, North West Nigeria.","authors":"Abdulhakeem Abayomi Olorukooba, Williams Richard Ifusemu, Muhammed Sani Ibrahim, Muhammad Bashar Jibril, Lawal Amadu, Bola Biliaminu Lawal","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_31_19","DOIUrl":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_31_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Neonatal sepsis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality of newborns, especially in developing countries.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>Our study determined the prevalence of neonatal sepsis and its predisposing factors among neonates admitted in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH).</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in ABUTH.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>The data were abstracted from the case notes of neonates admitted from May 2017 to May 2018. A pretested pro forma was used to abstract the data.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Odds ratios and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine the factors associated with neonatal sepsis among the study population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of neonatal sepsis was 37.6%. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated organism. Neonates 0-7 days of age were 2.8 times less likely to develop neonatal sepsis than older neonates. Babies born with an Apgar score of <6 within the 1^st min were 2.4 times more likely to develop neonatal sepsis than those whose Apgar score was higher. Neonates of mothers who had urinary tract infection during pregnancy were 2.3 times more likely to have had sepsis and those whose mothers had premature rupture of membranes were 4.6 times more likely.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of neonatal sepsis was high among the neonates studied. Neonatal and maternal factors were associated with sepsis in the neonates. These findings provide guidelines for the selection of empirical antimicrobial agents in the study site and suggest that a continued periodic evaluation is needed to anticipate the development of neonatal sepsis among neonates admitted.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"61 2","pages":"60-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bc/3a/NMJ-61-60.PMC7357807.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38161923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pesticide Risk and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Females of Subhumid Region of India.","authors":"Akancha Pandey,&nbsp;Shyam Pyari Jaiswar,&nbsp;Nasreen Ghazi Ansari,&nbsp;Sujata Deo,&nbsp;Pushplata Sankhwar,&nbsp;Shriya Pant,&nbsp;Sushil Upadhyay","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_117_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.NMJ_117_18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study is to determine the level of pesticides and their role in cases of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was designed as a case-control study. Gas chromatography was used to characterize the pesticide level in 70 cases and 70 controls. Case refers to women with RPL, whereas controls refer to women with full-term delivery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A higher level of pesticide, namely beta-hexachlorocyclohexane, malathion, chlorpyrifos, and fenvalerate was found in the case group as compared to control group (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study suggests that high exposure of pesticide (organochlorine and organophosphates) may increase the risk of RPL in females of the subhumid region of India.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"61 2","pages":"55-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cb/08/NMJ-61-55.PMC7357805.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38161922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Episiotomy and the Effect of its Risk Factors on Postepisiotomy Complications at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.","authors":"Chidiebere N Ononuju,&nbsp;Rosemary N Ogu,&nbsp;Tamunomie K Nyengidiki,&nbsp;Michael I Onwubuariri,&nbsp;Simeon C Amadi,&nbsp;Elizabeth C Ezeaku","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_121_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.NMJ_121_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of episiotomy and postepisiotomy complications and to assess the relationship between the risk factors and postepisiotomy complications in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This was a descriptive longitudinal study, in which 403 consecutive women who had episiotomy in the labor ward were recruited for the study. They were followed up and reviewed at the postnatal clinic on the 1^st and 6^th weeks postdelivery. Data regarding age, marital status, occupation, educational status, address, parity, booking status, postepisiotomy complications, and the associated risk factors were entered adequately into a prestructured pro forma, and statistical analysis was done using statistical software (SPSS for Windows^® version 19.0). t-test was used to explore the association of risk factors to postepisiotomy complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The episiotomy rate was 22.1%. The prevalence of postepisiotomy complications was 52.1%. The mean age of the women was 23.8 (standard deviation ± 3.2) years. Seventy-two (34.3%) patients had perineal pain, which lasted for 72 h or more; 61 (29.1%) had difficulty in walking, while 37 (17.6%) had perineal discomfort. Four (1.9%) had wound infection and only one (0.4%) had wound dehiscence. The development of postepisiotomy complications was not statistically significantly associated with risk factors such as gestational age (<i>T</i> = 1.4, <i>P</i> = 0.1), packed cell volume on admission (<i>T</i> = 1.0, <i>P</i> = 0.2), duration of first stage of labor (<i>T</i> = 0.5, <i>P</i> = 0.1), duration of second stage of labor (<i>T</i> = 0.7, <i>P</i> = 0.3), duration of rupture of fetal membranes (<i>T</i> = 0.8, <i>P</i> = 0.4), delivery repair interval (<i>T</i> = 0.6, <i>P</i> = 0.2), estimated blood loss (<i>T</i> = 0.9, <i>P</i> = 0.2), duration of Sitz bath (<i>T</i> = 1.0, <i>P</i> = 0.2), duration of analgesic (<i>T</i> = 1.2, <i>P</i> = 0.1), duration of antibiotics (<i>T</i> = 1.3, <i>P</i> = 0.1), or the operator who performed or repaired the episiotomy (<i>P</i> = 0.2).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of episiotomy and postepisiotomy complications in this study was high. Necessary attention should be given to ensure adequate pain relief for all parturients who had episiotomy, and the policy of restrictive use of episiotomy should be fully implemented in the department in line with the best practices and evidence-based recommendations. This will further reduce the incidence of episiotomy rate as well complications that may arise from it and ensure a positive pregnancy experience for pregnant women.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"61 2","pages":"96-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/08/a2/NMJ-61-96.PMC7357809.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38161370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common Design Concepts in Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Bolaji Emmanuel Egbewale","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_112_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.NMJ_112_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is a known fact that Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) are the gold standard design methods in medical investigations particularly when the aim is comparison of medical therapies or effectiveness of intervention between treatment groups. This design method, once carefully followed, presents the highest level of evidence attainable in the measurement of treatment effect. Oftentimes, researchers confuse concepts related to the design of RCTs and thereby jeopardizing its benefits. Furthermore, in resource-poor settings, a very limited access to educational materials on design, conduct, and reporting of clinical trials exists. This among other reasons explains why most studies in such settings are observational in nature as RCTs are not as popular. This review adopted a narrative synthesis approach to aggregate current knowledge scattered in literatures in respect of selected common design concepts in RCTs so as to elucidate on their meaning and demands. Overall, 25 literatures drawn majorly from the PubMed database including 8 textbook materials were involved in examining the following concepts; Study Population in RCTs Setting, Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures, Single and Multicenter Trials, Pragmatic and Explanatory trials, and Blinding. Appropriate search terms for each of the concepts were entered into the PubMed database and relevant articles accessed. This review article, intended for educational purposes could also serve as a guide, especially for new entrants, in the design of RCTs. It is hoped that this educational material would contribute immensely toward maximizing the benefits of this all-important design method.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"61 2","pages":"51-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2c/81/NMJ-61-51.PMC7357810.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38161921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Use of National Guidelines for Malaria Case Management among Pediatric Resident Doctors Attending an Update Course in Benin City, Nigeria.","authors":"Damian U Nwaneri,&nbsp;Ayebo E Sadoh,&nbsp;Michael O Ibadin","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_72_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.NMJ_72_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The National Malaria Guideline is a veritable tool for appropriate case management of malaria. Whether the pediatric residents who are the primary caregivers of children know and make use of this guideline in their routine practice is not yet assessed.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the study is to assess the awareness of the Nigerian pediatric residents of the national guidelines for malaria case management (including antimalarial prescription for uncomplicated and severe malaria).</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>The descriptive study carried out during the 2017 National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria, Faculty of Paediatrics Update Course in Benin City.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>Data were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire which was given to all pediatric residents who participated at the update course and who had given written informed consent.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>The statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16.0 (Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 108 participants whose questionnaires were analyzed, 75.0% were Part 1 candidates and 25.0% Part 2 candidates; mean age 34.0 ± 4.5 years (range 26-51 years) and 42 (39.0%) males while 66 (61.0%) were female. Ninety-four (87.0%) were aware of the current national guidelines for management of malaria and 45 (41.7%) had read the guidelines. Correctness of prescription was obtained from 39 (36.0%) respondents in uncomplicated malaria cases and 44 (40.7%) in severe malaria cases. This finding did not significantly associate with the years of practice, level of practice, practicing institutions, awareness, and reading of the national guideline.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most pediatric residents have not read nor use the national guidelines for management of malaria which reflected in poor prescription pattern of antimalarial drugs in routine practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"61 2","pages":"78-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6e/e3/NMJ-61-78.PMC7357802.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38161925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Perception of People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome toward Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Single-Center Experience.","authors":"Chilota Chibuife Efobi,&nbsp;Emmanuel Chukwunonye Azuike,&nbsp;Basil Elochukwu Nwankwo,&nbsp;Uzoma Nnenna Chidolue,&nbsp;Helen Chioma Okoye","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_90_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.NMJ_90_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevention and control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection depend on the prevention of new infections as well as treating currently infected individuals. Adequate knowledge of HIV infection among person living with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (PLWHA) may be an important tool in reducing spread of the virus.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the study was to evaluate knowledge and attitude of PLWHA on HIV infection.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu Teaching Hospital. Knowledge of infection, spread, control, and effect was sought from HIV-positive respondents using a structured questionnaire. Information about their attitude and beliefs was also obtained. Collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows, Version 21.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 70 HIV-positive patients, including 23 (32.9%) males and 47 (67.1%) females with a mean age of 37.7 years were participated. The overall knowledge on HIV transmission, clinical effects, complications, and controls was good in 15.7%, average in 72.9%, and poor in 11.4%. Knowledge of means of transmission was appropriate in majority of them. Majority of 66 (94.3%) patients showed a positive attitude to life.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most of the HIV-positive patients had average knowledge on HIV, and majority had a positive attitude to life.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"61 2","pages":"84-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/aa/2e/NMJ-61-84.PMC7357804.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38161369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enrollees' Knowledge and Satisfaction with National Health Insurance Scheme Service Delivery in a Tertiary Hospital, South West Nigeria.","authors":"David Ayobami Adewole,&nbsp;Folashayo Ikenna Peter Adeniji,&nbsp;Susan Elemeyi Adegbrioye,&nbsp;Oluyinka Motunrayo Dania,&nbsp;Temitope Ilori","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_126_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.NMJ_126_18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Social health insurance scheme provides a platform for mobilizing revenue for health and enhances universal health-care coverage. In addition, knowledge about patients' satisfaction with health care under the scheme will help in identifying gaps and provides evidence toward strengthening the scheme. This study assessed enrollees' knowledge about the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) and satisfaction with health services provided under the scheme.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted among the NHIS enrollees accessing health-care services in the University College Hospital, Ibadan. A total of 373 individuals were consecutively recruited for the study, and a semi-structured, pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information from respondents. Descriptive statistics was used to present results, and Chi-square test was used to test for the association between categorical variables. The level of significance was set at <i>P</i> < 005.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 42.5 ± 10.0 years. Of the respondents, 209 (56.0%) were male and 359 (96.2%) were married. About two-thirds, 227 (60.9%), had good knowledge about the NHIS. Majority of the respondents 303 (81.2%) reported paying for some of the costs of service (drugs, laboratory tests, consultation fees, and X-ray) through out-of-pocket and of these, 218 (71.9%) reported that such payments were occasional. Overall, slightly more than half, 197 (52.8%), of the respondents were satisfied with service delivery under the scheme. Female respondents were significantly more satisfied with health-care services (χ² = 3.894,P = 0.048).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was good knowledge of NHIS, but the level of satisfaction with service delivery was not outstandingly appreciable. There is an urgent need to improve on all areas of quality of service to improve satisfaction with care among enrollees in the scheme.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"61 1","pages":"27-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/45/b9/NMJ-61-27.PMC7113822.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37857027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heart Failure with Recovered Ejection Fraction: Report of a Case in Jos, Nigeria.","authors":"Basil N Okeahialam,&nbsp;Alfred C Ikeme","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_294_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.NMJ_294_16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Some patients in heart failure (HF) are able to withstand treatment, recover ejection fraction (EF) enough to require little or no further treatment. They belong to the distinct entity now called HF with recovered EF where patients start as HF with reduced EF and with treatment end up as HF with mid-range EF or even HF with preserved EF. This case report is on one such patient who presented in HF with features of dilated cardiomyopathy. With treatment, he promptly came out of HF, and myocardium remodeled toward recovery of function, which also reflected on electrocardiographic voltages. He remained out of failure despite deescalation of anti-failure regimen. Characterizing this group well will permit a paradigm shift in the management of HF; with the understanding that the myocardium can recover function or go into remission depending on underlying pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"61 1","pages":"48-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/79/c9/NMJ-61-48.PMC7113813.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37857481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Victor Aniedi Umoh, Effiong Ekong Akpan, Udeme Ekpeyong Ekrikpo, Alphonsus Udo Idung, Eyo Effiong Ekpe","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_129_19","DOIUrl":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_129_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context/aims: </strong>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus share obesity as a common risk factor. The presence of OSA may contribute to increased morbidity and mortality of diabetes. Despite their close association, OSA is not routinely evaluated in diabetic patients. This study was conducted to determine the risk of OSA among Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Type 2 diabetic patients attending a tertiary hospital in Nigeria were evaluated for OSA risk using the Berlin Questionnaire. Other parameters measured included anthropometry and blood pressure (BP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three hundred and twenty-seven patients participated in this survey: 177 (54.1%) were female and 150 (45.9%) were male. The average age of the patients was 56.2 ± 9.3 years. Seventy-eight (44.8%) females were obese compared to 30 (20.0%) males,P < 0.001. Two hundred and one (61.5%) patients were previously known hypertensives with only 48 (23.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.2-30.4) of them having good BP control. One hundred and sixty-two (49.5%, 95% CI; 44.0-55.1) patients had a high risk for OSA: 96 (54.2%; 95% CI: 44.6-61.7) females and 66 (44.0%; 95% CI: 35.9-52.3) males. The strongest predictor for a high risk of OSA was poorly controlled BP with an odds ratio of 2.6 (95% CI: 1.6-4.3).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study has demonstrated that there is a high risk of OSA among Type 2 diabetic patients and that OSA risk is significantly associated with poor BP control and obesity. We recommend that diabetic patients should be assessed for OSA risk as part of their routine evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"61 1","pages":"32-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2c/0e/NMJ-61-32.PMC7113821.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37857482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}