Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the Comparative Effects of Six Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies on <i>Plasmodium</i>-induced Hepatorenal Toxicity.","authors":"Innocent A Edagha,&nbsp;Arit J Ekpo,&nbsp;Edelungudi I Edagha,&nbsp;Joy V Bassey,&nbsp;Titus P Nyong,&nbsp;Anthony S Akpan,&nbsp;Rose F Obeten,&nbsp;Anthony S Okon,&nbsp;Blessing A Ating","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_152_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.NMJ_152_18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Too many artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are available, thus creating a dilemma on the most preferred for the treatment of malaria.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We compared the effect of six ACTs in mitigating <i>Plasmodium</i>-induced hepatorenal toxicity in experimental malaria.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty adult male Swiss mice allotted into eight groups: Group 1 (normal control [NC] uninfected and untreated), Group 2 (parasitized nontreated - [PNT]), and Groups 3-8 received <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> inoculum. After 72 h, the initial parasitemia was established. Groups 3-8 were administered oral therapeutic doses of artesunate-amodiaquine (AA), artesunate-mefloquine (AM), artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (ASP), artemisinin-piperaquine (AP), dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP), and artemether-lumefantrine (AL) per kg bodyweight, respectively, as standard regimen, and final parasitemia determined. Animals were euthanized via chloroform inhalation and blood collected for hepatorenal analysis. Liver and kidney were dissected out for histology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Parasitemia was significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) decreased in tests compared to PNT, except in ASP group. Liver enzymes were significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) increased in PNT compared to tests and NC. Hyperplastic cells and portal tract inflammation were prominent in ASP group, but mild to moderate in other treated groups. Urea-creatinine were significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) increased in PNT compared to treated groups. The Na⁺ and Cl^- were significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) reduced in PNT, with significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) increased K⁺ compared to NC and treated groups. Glomerulonephritis and glomerulus splitting was observed in PNT, while moderate distortions were observed in treated groups. The AA and AM groups had good kidney histoarchitecture.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Parasitemia decreased in all the treatment groups except in PNT and ASP groups which had severe hepatorenal distortions. Hepatorenal histoarchitecture were mildly distorted in the AA, AM and AL-administered groups with lower hepatorenal indices comparable to NC. The least elevated liver enzymes were in AA and AM. In decreasing order ASP > DP > AL > AP > AM > AA.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"60 4","pages":"211-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/19/9a/NMJ-60-211.PMC6892336.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37452935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and Challenges of Managing Breast Cancer in Keffi, North-Central Nigeria: A Preliminary Report.","authors":"Adeyinka A Adejumo,&nbsp;Olusola J Ajamu,&nbsp;Olusola O Akanbi,&nbsp;John C Onwukwe,&nbsp;Oluseyi A Adeosun,&nbsp;Paul O Omoregie,&nbsp;Aaron Amos,&nbsp;Yakubu Garba,&nbsp;Oyintobra F Koroye,&nbsp;Stephen E Garba","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_45_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.NMJ_45_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer is now the commonest female malignancy worldwide. The prognosis of such depends on the histopathological type, biological behavior, stage at presentation, availability of adequate oncological services.</p><p><strong>Aims and objectives: </strong>The aim of this this study is to evaluate the statistics and challenges of breast cancer management in the study centre and compare with other centres.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is a prospective, descriptive study that spanned over a period of 4 years (January 2015-December 2018). The study was carried out in the General surgery division of the Surgery Department of the Federal Medical Centre, Keffi.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 199 patients were recruited into this study out of which 196 (98.25%) were females and 3 (1.5%) were males. Their age ranged between 20-60 years. The commonest histopathological variant diagnosed is invasive ductal carcinoma (NOS). Early presentation was seen in 54 (<30%) while 145 (>70%) patients had late clinical presentation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diagnosing and managing breast cancers successfully are mitigated my myriads of factors. Public awareness and provision of adequate care facilities will improve overall survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"60 4","pages":"193-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b9/2d/NMJ-60-193.PMC6892332.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37453057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Safe Disposal Practices of Child's Faeces in Nigeria: Evidence from 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey.","authors":"Alhaji A Aliyu,&nbsp;Tukur Dahiru","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_3_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.NMJ_3_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stool disposal practices have been shown to be associated with childhood diarrhea. There exist variations in explanatory variables of safe child's faecal disposal practices depending on the context of the study. Thus, the need for this study to assess factors associated with safe disposal practices of children's faeces in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey data. Child's faecal disposal practice was classified as safe and unsafe as defined by the World Health Organization/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program. Binary and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with safe faecal disposal practices. The analysis was restricted to a weighted sample of 19, 288 youngest children in the households.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the prevalence of safe disposal of child's faeces was 59.4%. Safe child's faeces disposal was the highest among older women (64.4%), highly educated women and their husbands (67.1%) and (66.4%), respectively; among rich households (72.3%), Muslim (68.7%), urban areas (68.8%), and in North West zone (78.4%). In multivariate analysis, safe faecal disposal was significantly associated with the age of mother, maternal education level, wealth index, religion, source of water, and type of toilet facility. Marital status, geopolitical zone, having diarrhea in the past 2 weeks before the survey and sex of the child were not significant determinants of safe faecal disposal practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Understanding the prevailing faecal disposal practices is a prerequisite to the formulation of effective intervention strategies. It is pertinent, therefore, that programs and interventions designed to improve safe child's faecal disposal practices need to take into consideration the factors identified in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"60 4","pages":"198-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/92/b1/NMJ-60-198.PMC6892328.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37453059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Childhood Epilepsy among Traders in Benin City Nigeria.","authors":"Peter Olusola Okunola,&nbsp;Damian Uchechukwu Nwaneri","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_73_19","DOIUrl":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_73_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epilepsy is a serious childhood disease associated with stigmatization in the community. Despite the deleterious effect of the disease on childhood brain growth and development, the disease is treatable.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to document the knowledge of childhood epilepsy by community members using traders (market women and men in a popular market in Benin City, Nigeria) as a case study.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in April 2018. Data collection was by researcher-administered questionnaire. The respondents were traders (women and men) in Edaiken market Benin City Nigeria who were recruited consecutively during the period of the study. The analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21, and the level of statistical significance of variables was set at 95% confidence level and <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 500 respondents, 47 (9.4%) males and 453 (90.6%) females; mean age (standard deviation) was 35.3 ± 9.4 years. Total knowledge score of childhood epilepsy in this study was 27.6%. Only 116 (23.2%) study participants gave correctly a description of epileptic fits in a child. Although majority 71.0% said that epilepsy has the medical cure, none was able to mention any known drugs for the treatment of epilepsy and 72.6% said that they would use traditional remedies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The overall observed knowledge score of childhood epilepsy was low. Although most respondents stated that epilepsy has medical cure, majority preferred the traditional options for treatment. These findings, therefore, highlighted the need to enlighten the public about childhood epilepsy and its medical treatment options.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"60 4","pages":"175-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0b/33/NMJ-60-175.PMC6892327.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37453116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil-transmitted Helminths and Associated Risk Factors among Elementary School Pupils in Dadin Kowa, Jos.","authors":"Abednego Samuel Dahal,&nbsp;Esther Onyimowo Francis,&nbsp;Joy Eguweye Francis,&nbsp;Francis Istifanus Wamtas","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_62_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.NMJ_62_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Soil-transmitted helminths are intestinal parasites of humans transmitted through contaminated soil. They are considered neglected tropical diseases found mainly in areas with warm and moist climates where living condition and personal hygiene are poor.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths among primary school pupils in Kangang community of Dadin Kowa, Jos.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study of 136 elementary school pupils from three selected schools in Kangang community in Dadin Kowa of Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State between April 2018 and June 2018. Stool samples were collected from all the consented participants in a sterile, universal sampling container prelabeled with the participant's identification number. The samples were analyzed within 2 h of collection using parasites concentration technique and microscopy. The results obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 21.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis among the study population was 42.6%. <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> (25.7%) was the most common parasites, followed by <i>Trichuris trichiura</i> (10.3%). Hookworm infection was observed in 5.1%, while strongyloidiasis caused 1.5% of STHs. The male participants had a prevalence of 55.2% compared to the females who had a prevalence rate of 44.8%. Based on the schools where the participants were recruited, STHs was more prevalence among participant from KS school with rate of 51.2% followed by EBI school (40.0%), while LP school had the least infection rate of 38.1%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed the prevalence of STHs among school pupils in Kangang community of Dadin kowa, Jos, as 42.6%. <i>A. lumbricoides</i> was the most common STHs in the area. Males were more infected than females. Age and type of toilet used by the participant were found to be significantly associated with STHs infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"60 4","pages":"181-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7f/3e/NMJ-60-181.PMC6892335.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37453117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative Assessment of Cervical Cancer Awareness among Primary Health-Care Providers in Zaria, Nigeria.","authors":"Anisah Yahya,&nbsp;Aliyu Tambaya Mande","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_157_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.NMJ_157_18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical cancer is a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality, especially in the developing countries. Preventive measures have helped in curbing the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease in the developed countries. Primary health-care centers provide opportunity for the primary prevention of cervical cancer, especially in environments where there are no standard protocols/programs for cervical cancer prevention.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study sought to assess the awareness of cervical cancer among primary health-care providers in Zaria.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The study was qualitative. Five primary health-care centers in Zaria local government were purposively selected for the study. Focus group discussions were conducted with the health-care providers in the selected facilities. The discussions were recorded on tape recorders and were transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were then analyzed into themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All participants were aware of cervical cancer. However, only few of the participants were aware of the cause of cervical cancer and the risk factors associated with the disease. None of the participants has had any training on the prevention of cervical cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Primary health-care providers can play a critical role in the prevention of cervical cancer in our environment. However, there is a need to train them on cervical cancer prevention for effective control of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"59 5","pages":"50-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4c/ed/NMJ-59-50.PMC6593897.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37148816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Hearing Test Pro Application as a Screening Tool for Hearing Loss Assessment.","authors":"Shuaib Kayode Aremu","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_160_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.NMJ_160_18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Disabling hearing loss is considered a significant health problem globally with high incidence in developing countries. In Africa, different studies have shown that one in five Africans uses smartphones. This dispositive can be used to screen hearing loss.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The study aims to appraise the effectiveness of Hearing Test Pro, an Android-based application, as a screening tool for hearing loss.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a prospective study developed in the Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria, between September and December 2018. The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee. Consent of adult android users was conveniently obtained for the study. A regular audiometric test with Amplivox 260 was done after otoscopy (to exclude other ear pathology). The results were compared with the test developed by an android Hearing Test Pro app. A threshold of >40 decibels was used to determine any evidence of hearing loss at the specific frequency of 250-8000 Hz. <i>P</i> < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three hundred and sixty ears of 180 patients were evaluated, of which 100 were male and 80 were female. The male-to-female ratio was 1.25:1. At lower frequency, a statistical difference between classical pure-tone thresholds recorded with the audiometer and the android phone was documented. However, this difference was not noted at higher frequencies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Hearing Test Pro app effectively distinguishes between high-frequency hearing loss and thus can be useful as part of the hearing loss screening programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"59 5","pages":"55-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bd/a2/NMJ-59-55.PMC6593896.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37412347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appraisal of Healthcare-seeking Behavior and Prevalence of Workplace Injury among Artisans in Automobile Site in Abakaliki, Southeast Nigeria.","authors":"Benedict Ndubueze Azuogu,&nbsp;Nelson Chibueze Eze,&nbsp;Victoria Chioma Azuogu,&nbsp;Cosmas Kenan Onah,&nbsp;Edmund Ndudi Ossai,&nbsp;Adaoha Pearl Agu","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_110_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.NMJ_110_18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Healthcare-seeking behavior is a decision-making process governed by an individual's conduct, community norms, and expectations, as well as provider-related characteristics and manners. This study determined factors associated with healthcare seeking behavior of automobile artisans in Abakaliki.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional survey of 380 artisans was carried out. Respondents were selected using multi-stage sampling method and semi-structured interviewer administered pretested questionnaire was used to gather information. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, and the Chi-squared test was used to test for association at 5% level of significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the artisans was 31.3 ± 10.3 years, and the mean monthly income was N15277. Less than half of the respondents (47.7%) sought medical care in pharmacy/patent medicine stores. A significant association was found between distance to the facility for medical care and period of delay before seeking care (<i>P</i> = 0.01). Bruises (45.3%) and cuts (32.3%) were the most prevalent injuries sustained in the preceding 12 months. A significantly high proportion of those who had bruises and cuts traveled >6 km to seek care and less than half of the respondents (47.6%) who reside within 5 km radius to place of medical care patronized pharmacy/patent medicine shops. However, higher proportion of those with cuts (52.0%) and burns (62.5%) compared to other types of injury went to the hospitals no matter the distance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The artisans have poor health-seeking behavior and majority sought medical care in pharmacy/patent medicine shops rather than hospitals. However, a significant proportion of those with injuries used hospitals regardless of the distance. It is, therefore, imperative to establish healthcare facilities within 5 km radius from where they live and work.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"59 5","pages":"45-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d1/a6/NMJ-59-45.PMC6593898.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37148815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Report of 5 yr Old Boy with Malingering in Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa, Nigeria.","authors":"Oluwasola Julius Oke,&nbsp;Yetunde Justina Osundare,&nbsp;Oluwatobi Faith Folarin","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_163_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.NMJ_163_18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are few reported cases of malingering in children in developed countries, but none has been reported among Nigerian children. This could be because of missed diagnosis, thus creating the impression that malingering is rare in children. Ability to clearly establish that a client has a primary motive behind feigning the illness is a major to look for in malingering. We present a case of a 5-year-old boy with a history of recurrent abnormal body movement and shaking of his body which on detailed evaluation revealed the intention behind his presentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"59 4","pages":"43-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0c/18/NMJ-59-43.PMC6590106.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37143975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Smoking on Gingival Crevicular Fluid Interleukin 1β and Interleukin-8 in Patients with Severe Chronic Periodontitis among a Rural Population in India.","authors":"Ritu Prabha Patel,&nbsp;Ramesh Amirisetty,&nbsp;Butchibabu Kalakonda,&nbsp;Narendra Varma Penumatsa,&nbsp;Pradeep Koppolu","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_142_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.NMJ_142_17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Smoking is widely prevalent among rural Indian populations. Smoking is considered a significant risk factor for periodontal diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of smoking on the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) IL-1β and IL-8 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and compare these between smokers and nonsmokers with periodontitis in diseased and healthy sites.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of thirty patients with severe chronic periodontitis (15 smokers and 15 nonsmokers) participated in this study. Clinical parameters assessed were gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level. One diseased and one healthy site from each of the periodontitis patients were selected for GCF collection and assigned to the following four groups: healthy sites in smoker (SH), diseased sites in smoker (SD), healthy sites in nonsmoker (NH), and diseased sites in nonsmoker (ND) and were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test (Quantikine^®).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intragroup comparisons revealed statistically significant levels of IL-1β in ND sites compared to NH sites (<i>P</i> < 0.005) and SD sites showed statistically significantly higher levels of IL-1β compared to SH sites (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). However, there was no significant difference in IL-8 levels between NH and ND sites as well as between SH and SD sites. Intergroup comparisons revealed that SH sites exhibited significantly lower amounts of IL-8 (<i>P</i> < 0.01) compared to NH sites and SD sites showed significantly lower levels of IL-8 compared to ND sites (<i>P</i> < 0.001). However, the comparison of NH and SH sites as well as ND and SD sites showed no significant difference in the levels of IL-1β.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cytokine levels were significantly elevated in periodontitis patients. Smokers exhibited a decrease in IL-8 and increase in IL-1β levels. Hence, this reflects the influence of smoking on immunosuppression and its role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"59 4","pages":"33-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/96/b9/NMJ-59-33.PMC6590105.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37143973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}