Neuropsychology最新文献_第4页

Potential cognitive risks of generative transformer-based AI chatbots on higher order executive functions. 基于生成变换器的人工智能聊天机器人对高阶执行功能的潜在认知风险。

IF 2.4 3区心理学

Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000948

Umberto León-Domínguez

{"title":"Potential cognitive risks of generative transformer-based AI chatbots on higher order executive functions.","authors":"Umberto León-Domínguez","doi":"10.1037/neu0000948","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000948","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chat generative retrained transformer (ChatGPT) represents a groundbreaking advancement in Artificial Intelligence (AI-chatbot) technology, utilizing transformer algorithms to enhance natural language processing and facilitating their use for addressing specific tasks. These AI chatbots can respond to questions by generating verbal instructions similar to those a person would provide during the problem-solving process.Aim: ChatGPT has become the fastest growing software in terms of user adoption in history, leading to an anticipated widespread use of this technology in the general population. Current literature is predominantly focused on the functional aspects of these technologies, but the field has not yet explored hypotheses on how these AI chatbots could impact the evolutionary aspects of human cognitive development. Thesis: The \"neuronal recycling hypothesis\" posits that the brain undergoes structural transformation by incorporating new cultural tools into \"neural niches,\" consequently altering individual cognition. In the case of technological tools, it has been established that they reduce the cognitive demand needed to solve tasks through a process called \"cognitive offloading.\" In this theoretical article, three hypotheses were proposed via forward inference about how algorithms such as ChatGPT and similar models may influence the cognitive processes and structures of upcoming generations.Conclusions: By forecasting the neurocognitive effects of these technologies, educational and political communities can anticipate future scenarios and formulate strategic plans to either mitigate or enhance the cognitive influence that these factors may have on the general population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139651291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The relationship between working memory and anxiety in individuals with early treated phenylketonuria (PKU). 早期苯丙酮尿症（PKU）患者工作记忆与焦虑之间的关系。

IF 2.4 3区心理学

Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000942

Kelly M Boland, Meriah S Schoen, Rani H Singh, Hayley E Clocksin, Mackenzie N Cissne, Shawn E Christ

{"title":"The relationship between working memory and anxiety in individuals with early treated phenylketonuria (PKU).","authors":"Kelly M Boland, Meriah S Schoen, Rani H Singh, Hayley E Clocksin, Mackenzie N Cissne, Shawn E Christ","doi":"10.1037/neu0000942","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000942","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Although early diagnosis and treatment prevent the severe impairments associated with untreated phenylketonuria (PKU), individuals with early treated PKU (ETPKU) nonetheless experience significant neurocognitive and psychological sequelae, including difficulties in working memory (WM) and increased risk of anxiety. The primary objective of the present study was to examine the extent to which anxiety may moderate the relationship between ETPKU and WM performance.Method: A sample of 40 adults with ETPKU and a demographically comparable sample of 40 healthy adults without PKU completed a comprehensive assessment of WM performance and anxiety symptomatology. Data were collected using a variety of remote assessment methods (e.g., web-based neurocognitive tests, semistructured interview, report-based measures).Results: The ETPKU group demonstrated significantly poorer WM performance as compared to the non-PKU group. The groups did not differ significantly in anxiety; however, high anxiety was more common in the ETPKU group (53% of sample) than the non-PKU group (33%). A significant interaction between anxiety, metabolic control (as reflected by Phe levels), and WM performance was observed for the ETPKU group. Individuals with high anxiety and/or high Phe levels (> 360 μmol/L) performed poorer than the non-PKU group. Individuals with low anxiety and relatively low Phe levels (< 360 μmol/L) performed comparably to the non-PKU group.Conclusions: Anxiety was found to moderate the relationship between Phe levels and WM performance in individuals with ETPKU. This finding underscores the importance of accounting for anxiety when evaluating neurocognitive performance in individuals with ETPKU whether for research or clinical purposes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139651292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Processing speed in first episode of psychosis and first-degree relatives: A candidate endophenotype of spectrum schizophrenia disorders. 首次发作的精神病患者和一级亲属的处理速度：精神分裂症谱系障碍的候选内表型

IF 2.4 3区心理学

Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000931

Ángel Yorca-Ruiz, Nancy Murillo-García, Rebeca Magdaleno Herrero, Alexandre Díaz-Pons, Víctor Ortiz García de la Foz, Luis Manuel Fernández Cacho, Mónica L Fanarraga, Rosa Ayesa-Arriola

{"title":"Processing speed in first episode of psychosis and first-degree relatives: A candidate endophenotype of spectrum schizophrenia disorders.","authors":"Ángel Yorca-Ruiz, Nancy Murillo-García, Rebeca Magdaleno Herrero, Alexandre Díaz-Pons, Víctor Ortiz García de la Foz, Luis Manuel Fernández Cacho, Mónica L Fanarraga, Rosa Ayesa-Arriola","doi":"10.1037/neu0000931","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000931","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The processing speed (PS) is highly impacted in individuals experiencing their first episode of psychosis (FEP). Conducting family studies can help to determine whether PS can serve as an endophenotype of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs), offering valuable insights into the prevention and diagnosis of SSDs.Method: A comprehensive cognitive battery, encompassing tests for PS, verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, executive functions, motor dexterity, and attention, was administered to a sample consisting of 133 FEP patients, 146 parents, 98 siblings, and 202 healthy controls (HCs). Univariate analyses (analysis of covariance [ANCOVA]) were conducted to compare the different cognitive domains between groups, utilizing sex, age, and years of education as covariates and Bonferroni corrections. Effect sizes (ESs) were calculated for estimating the magnitude of differences between groups.Results: Group comparisons revealed significant differences in all cognitive domains. PS was the most impaired function in patients. Parents and siblings had intermediate PS performance between FEP patients and HC. Large ES were observed in PS between FEP versus siblings, FEP versus controls, parents versus controls, and parents versus siblings.Conclusions: Despite not meeting all the necessary criteria, the PS observed in FEP patients and their first-degree relatives suggests its potential as a promising endophenotype of SSDs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139707397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An examination of semantic performance in mild cognitive impairment progressors and nonprogressors. 对轻度认知障碍进展者和非进展者语义表现的研究。

IF 2.4 3区心理学

Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000947

Emilie Delage, Isabelle Rouleau, Marc-Antoine Akzam-Ouellette, Frédérique Roy-Côté, Sven Joubert

{"title":"An examination of semantic performance in mild cognitive impairment progressors and nonprogressors.","authors":"Emilie Delage, Isabelle Rouleau, Marc-Antoine Akzam-Ouellette, Frédérique Roy-Côté, Sven Joubert","doi":"10.1037/neu0000947","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000947","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), and about half of older people with MCI will progress to AD within the next 5 years. The aim of the present study was to compare the semantic performance of MCI progressors (MCI-p) and nonprogressors (MCI-np). The hypothesis was that MCI-p would present with poorer semantic performance relative to MCI-np at baseline, indicating that semantic deficits may increase the risk of future decline toward AD.Method: Fifty-six MCI participants (aged 65-89) from the Consortium for Early Identification of Alzheimer's Disease-Quebec study were analyzed, with 18 progressing and 38 remaining stable over 2 years. Analysis of covariance assessed their initial semantic and nonsemantic cognitive performance, and mixed analyses of variance gauged longitudinal patterns of cognitive decline at the 2-year follow-up.Results: In the semantic domain, MCI-p performed significantly worse than MCI-np at baseline on two semantic tests (category fluency and object decision). In other cognitive domains, MCI-p performed worse than MCI-np on a test of executive functions (cognitive flexibility) but showed similar performance on a test of episodic memory. There were no significant differences between groups in the rates of progression on semantic tests over the 2-year period, but a steeper decline was observed in MCI-p at follow-up on tests of global cognition, episodic memory, and processing speed.Conclusion: This suggest that MCI patients who present with semantic memory impairment in addition to episodic memory impairment are at greater risk of future progression to AD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139735751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rehabilitation of Executive Function in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury (REPeaT): Outcomes of a pilot randomized controlled trial. 小儿创伤性脑损伤执行功能康复（REPeaT）：随机对照试验的结果。

IF 2.4 3区心理学

Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000951

Nikita Tuli Sood, Celia Godfrey, Daina Krasts, Elle Morrison, Clara Chavez Arana, Stephen J C Hearps, Vicki Anderson, Cathy Catroppa

引用次数: 0

Pick a PACC: Comparing domain-specific and general cognitive composites in Alzheimer disease research. 选择 PACC：比较阿尔茨海默病研究中的特定领域认知复合材料和一般认知复合材料。

IF 2.4 3区心理学

Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000949

Nicole S McKay, Peter R Millar, Jessica Nicosia, Andrew J Aschenbrenner, Brian A Gordon, Tammie L S Benzinger, Carolos C Cruchaga, Suzanne E Schindler, John C Morris, Jason Hassenstab

引用次数: 0

Anhedonia reflects an encoding deficit for pleasant stimuli in schizophrenia: Evidence from the emotion-induced memory trade-off eye-tracking paradigm. 厌食症反映了精神分裂症患者对愉快刺激的编码缺陷：来自情绪诱导记忆权衡眼动追踪范式的证据。

IF 2.4 3区心理学

Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000908

Kayla M Whearty, Ivan Ruiz, Anna R Knippenberg, Gregory P Strauss

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Rehabilitation of Executive Function in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury (REPeaT): Outcomes of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial 小儿创伤性脑损伤执行功能康复（REPeaT）的补充材料：试点随机对照试验的结果

IF 2.4 3区心理学

Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000951.supp

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Pick a PACC: Comparing Domain-Specific and General Cognitive Composites in Alzheimer Disease Research Pick a PACC 的补充材料：比较阿尔茨海默病研究中的特定领域认知复合材料和一般认知复合材料

IF 2.4 3区心理学