Nordic Journal of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"School belonging and depressive symptoms: the mediating roles of social inclusion and loneliness.","authors":"Meysam Haddadi Barzoki","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2304067","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2304067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Loneliness and depressive symptoms are prevalent among Finns.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study, which analyzes nationwide data from 149,986 students aged 13-18 years in Finland, focuses on the mediating effects of social inclusion and loneliness in the association between school belonging and depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Method and results: </strong>The analysis of variance showed that boys reported higher levels of school belonging and social inclusion, whereas girls reported higher levels of loneliness and depressive symptoms. Mediation analysis showed that social inclusion and loneliness partially mediated the effect of school belonging on depressive symptoms, but that social inclusion's effect was much greater than loneliness's. By focusing on the moderating role of sex, it was discovered that social inclusion significantly mediated depressive symptoms in girls more than boys.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The importance of social inclusion in preventing depressive symptoms was highlighted in the discussion.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"205-211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139513465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elephants, bushes, hot porridge… and clinical intuition?","authors":"M Lindén, H D Braude, J Herlofson, J Nordgaard, R E Kelly, J Eberhard","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2023.2283476","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2023.2283476","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"163-164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138445601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Which factors affect job satisfaction of doctors in psychiatry?","authors":"Miriam Kristine Sandvik, Ragnar Nesvåg, Jacob Jorem, Lars Lien","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2303314","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2303314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent reports have described challenges in retaining and recruiting psychiatrists in public mental health care. To improve the work situation for doctors, the Norwegian Psychiatric Association (NPA) conducted surveys to explore job satisfaction among its members. The purpose of this study is to explore how doctors in mental health services perceive their work, and factors affecting their job satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A Questback survey was sent to all employed members of NPA in June 2020 and in December 2021. In the first survey, 670 members (37%) responded and 903 (43%) in the second. Job satisfaction was measured on a Likert scale from one to five. Linear regression was used to examine associations between work-related factors and job satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, more than half of the respondents (56%) were satisfied, 16% were dissatisfied and 27% were neutral. The oldest and youngest doctors were most satisfied (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Partial treatment responsibility was related to reduced job satisfaction (<i>β</i> = -0.23, <i>p</i> < 0.001) as well as access to an experienced colleague (<i>β</i> = 0.39, <i>p</i> < 0.001), time for direct patient contact (<i>β</i> = 0.17, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and ability to treat patients in a satisfactory manner (<i>β</i> = 0.52, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Job satisfaction decreased from 2020 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Psychiatrists seem to be torn between treating their own patients and having medically responsible for other therapists' patients. Time for patient contact and discussions with colleagues are crucial for psychiatrists' well-being at work.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"198-204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139513433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One year follow-up of participants in a randomised controlled trial of a CBT-based group therapy programme for adolescents diagnosed with ADHD.","authors":"Ann Christin Andersen, Anne Mari Sund, Per Hove Thomsen, Stian Lydersen, Susan Young, Torunn Stene Nøvik","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2301774","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2301774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescents with ADHD often struggle on many areas of their lives and have a high risk of adverse outcomes and negative life trajectories. Multimodal treatment including psychosocial interventions is recommended but evidence regarding effect of such interventions is still limited.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study was a follow-up study of adolescents participating in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of a group intervention based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Participants were adolescents diagnosed with ADHD and still impaired by their symptoms after standard treatment including psychoeducation and medication. All participants were interviewed by telephone one year after inclusion, and outcome measures included both quantitative and qualitative measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 100 adolescents included in the study. We found no significant differences between treatment and control group on measures of ADHD-symptoms, self-efficacy, overall problems, global psychosocial functioning, or symptom severity at one-year follow-up. Still, participants in the intervention group reported on positive gains and that they learned a lot about ADHD and themselves.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The intervention delivered in this trial failed to show a treatment effect on symptom level when added to standard care. Participants did however report on positive gains and felt they learned a lot. More research is needed to explore how the programme and delivery of treatment might be improved, and which patients might benefit the most from this type of interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"189-197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139730127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparisons of clinical subtypes, symptom severity, global functioning, emotional and behavior problems, and CPT test profiles in children and adolescents with ADHD with and without co-occurring internet gaming disorder.","authors":"Ezgi Karagoz Tanigor, Aylin Ozbek, Gonca Ozyurt, Aynur Pekcanlar Akay","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2311705","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2311705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to assess whether the presence of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is associated with disease severity, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) presentation, emotional problems, behavioral problems, and CPT profile in patients with ADHD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Forty children with IGD and sixty-four patients without IGD were included in the study, all of whom had a diagnosis of ADHD. Comorbid psychiatric disorders were determined using The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS). Conners's Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short form (CPRS-RS), The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Internet Gaming Disorder Questionnaire (IGD-20), and MOXO Continuous Performance Test (MOXO d-CPT) were performed on the children, and Clinical Global Impression (CGI), Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS), comorbidities and ADHD presentations were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The IGD group was found to have the combined presentation of ADHD more commonly, and their CGI, CGAS, SDQ behavior problems subscale, cognitive problems, attention problems, and ADHD index in the CPRS-RS questionnaire were found to be higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05). No differences were found in attention, timing, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity scores in CPT between groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study has shown that children with both ADHD and IGD had more severe symptoms, more behavioral problems, and differences regarding the prevalence of the ADHD presentations when compared to children having ADHD without IGD. Longitudinal studies with higher sample sizes are required to investigate this possible connection in the context of a cause-effect relationship and draw a conclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"247-254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139692477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of individual short- and long-term psychotherapy on perceived social support: analysis of secondary outcomes of a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Matias Laurila, Olavi Lindfors, Paul Knekt, Erkki Heinonen","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2306229","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2306229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Social support is important for maintaining and restoring psychological well-being but the effects of individual psychotherapies on perceived social support are not well known. In this analysis of secondary outcomes from a randomized clinical study, we compared the effects of long-term psychotherapy and two short-term psychotherapies on social support during a 5-year follow-up.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Altogether 326 adult outpatients suffering from depressive and/or anxiety disorders were randomly assigned to long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (LPP, <i>n</i> = 126), short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (SPP, <i>n</i> = 101) and solution-focused therapy (SFT, <i>n</i> = 97). Outcome was measured by the global index and six subscores of the self-reported Brief Inventory of Social Support and Integration scale (BISSI) at baseline and at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years after the beginning of the therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Social support improved in all therapy groups and the improvement was relatively stable, lasting several years after the end of therapy. Little difference in improvement was observed either between therapy orientations or durations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While no major differences were observed between treatment groups, the slight differences call for further research to verify these findings and to better understand how different therapies may improve perceived social support.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"230-237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139697960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescriptions of psychotropic and somatic medications among patients with severe mental disorders and healthy controls in a naturalistic study.","authors":"Dur E Shahnaz Shafi, Kjetil Nordbø Jørgensen, Thomas Bjella, Ragnar Nesvåg, Ingrid Dieset, Ingrid Melle, Ole A Andreassen, Erik G Jönsson","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2305806","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2305806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Psychotropic and somatic medications are both used in treating severe mental disorders (SMDs). Realistic estimates of the prevalence of use across medication categories are needed. We obtained this in a clinical cohort of patients with SMD and healthy controls (HCs).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Prescriptions filled at Norwegian pharmacies the year before and after admittance to the Thematically Organized Psychosis (TOP) study were examined in 1406 patients with SMD (mean age 32.5 years, 48.2% women) and 920 HC (34.1 years, 46.2% women). Using data from the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD), the number of users in different anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) categories was compared using logistic regression. Population estimates were used as reference data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Use of antipsychotics (N05A), antiepileptics (N03A), antidepressants (N06A), anxiolytics (N05B), hypnotics and sedatives (N05C), anticholinergics (N04A), psychostimulants, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and nootropic agents (N06B) and drugs for addiction disorders (N07B) was significantly more prevalent in patients with SMD than HC. Use of diabetes treatment (A10), antithrombotic drugs (B01), beta blockers (C07), lipid modifiers (C10), and thyroid and endocrine therapeutics (H03) was also more prevalent in patients with SMD, but with two exceptions somatic medication use was comparable to the general population. Among HC, there was low prevalence of use for most medication categories.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients were using psychiatric medications, but also several types of somatic medications, more often than HC. Still, somatic medication use was mostly not higher than in the general population. The results indicate that HC had low use of most medication types.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"212-219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139672262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is there a prospective association between psychological distress as measured by the CORE-OM and treatment attendance and treatment duration? A follow-up study at a Norwegian Community Mental Health Centre.","authors":"Eva Biringer, Jofrid Bjørkvik","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2306217","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2306217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Feasible and reliable methods for identifying factors associated with treatment duration and treatment attendance in mental health services are needed. This study examined to what degree the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) at the start of treatment is associated with treatment attendance and treatment duration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Outpatients (<i>N</i> = 124) at a community mental health centre in Norway completed the 34-item CORE-OM questionnaire addressing the domains of subjective well-being, problems and symptoms, functioning and risk at the start of treatment. The CORE-OM subscales and the 'all' items total scale were used as predictor variables in regression models, with treatment duration, number of consultations attended, treatment attendance (number of therapy sessions attended divided by number of sessions offered) and termination of treatment (planned versus unplanned) as outcome variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher CORE-OM subscale scores and the 'all' scale were associated with longer treatment duration. No association was found between CORE-OM scales and number of therapy sessions, treatment attendance (sessions attended/offered) or whether the patients unexpectedly ended treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher patient-reported psychological distress as measured by the CORE-OM at the start of treatment was prospectively associated with treatment duration but not with treatment attendance or drop-out of treatment. The findings imply that patients with higher initial psychological distress need longer treatment but that treatment attendance may be related to factors other than the severity of distress.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"220-229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139544749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bipolar-ADHD comorbidity: screening for differences in neurocognition and virtual reality-based cognitive performance.","authors":"Andreas E Jespersen, Zacharias Obel, Anders Lumbye, Lars V Kessing, Kamilla W Miskowiak","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2309496","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2309496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Identification of comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) is complicated by overlapping cognitive symptoms and methodological challenges. This cross-sectional study investigated whether virtual reality (VR)-based cognitive assessment that mimics daily life cognitive challenges can aid in the detection of sustained attention impairment in BD individuals with comorbid ADHD (BD + ADHD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-nine fully or partially remitted outpatients with BD, of whom 14 (24%) had BD + ADHD, were assessed with the Cognition Assessment in Virtual Reality (CAVIR) test, including a sustained attention test that involves distractions, and the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP). Patients were also rated for mood symptoms and functioning and completed questionnaires assessing subjective cognition and quality of life. Patients' cognitive impairment on the SCIP was estimated with reference to <i>n</i> = 100 demographically comparable healthy control participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BD + ADHD participants exhibited more pronounced performance deficits on the CAVIR sustained attention test (<i>t</i>(48) = 2.15, <i>p</i> = .037, <i>d</i> = .66). Notably, deficits on this test were proportional to self-reported daily life concentration difficulties in BD + ADHD individuals. Exploratory analyses revealed that BD + ADHD participants also displayed greater impairment on the SCIP working memory- and delayed verbal learning subtests and greater subjective cognitive complaints than BD patients without this comorbidity (p-levels <u><</u> .001), but only the difference in subjective cognition survived correction for multiple comparisons (<i>F</i>(1,47) = 14.13, <i>p</i> = .005, <i>np2</i> = 0.24).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Screening for deficits in sustained attention with an ecologically valid VR test involving distracting stimuli may be useful for identifying BD + ADHD individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"238-246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139642640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"For better or for worse? Memories and mental health related to COVID-19 lockdowns in adolescents with Attention Deficit Disorders.","authors":"Tirill F Hjuler, Charlotte U Rask, Karen H Kallesøe","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2313563","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2313563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD, ICD-10 defined) we examined self-reported well-being, depressive symptoms and autobiographical memories from the first COVID-19 lockdown in Denmark in comparison to adolescents without an ADHD diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 16 adolescents with ADHD and 16 non-ADHD age and gender matched controls were collected between September 2020 and April 2021. Questionnaires included the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5), the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ), and an autobiographical memory survey assessing a lockdown memory, a memory not related to lockdown and a future projection. Mixed design ANOVAs were used to compare within subject differences in memory types across groups and independent sample t-tests were used to compare group differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three adolescents with ADHD scored below the WHO-5 cut-off (< 50) and above the SMFQ cut-off (> 8) indicating risk of depression, compared to two in the control group. Both groups rated lockdown memories as less positive and more negative and reported feeling more sad and worried when reminiscing about lockdown experiences compared to 'other personal memories' and 'future projections'. Compared to the non-ADHD controls, adolescents with ADHD reported more sadness, <i>t</i>(30) = -0.2.45, <i>p</i> < .05 and worries <i>t</i>(30) = -3.84, <i>p</i> < .001 when reminiscing about the lockdown.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Even though there were no striking differences between groups in the assessments on risk of depression, the findings suggest that adolescents diagnosed with ADHD were more negatively affected when recalling memories about the lockdown compared to their peers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"255-263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139898161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}