Nordic Journal of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Navigating complexity: healthcare providers' experiences with integrating physical health promotion in psychosis outpatient services in Sweden.","authors":"Matilde Zerne Nilsson, Carina Sparud-Lundin, Katarina Eeg-Olofsson, Jarl Torgerson, Christopher Holmberg","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2404478","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2404478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individuals with psychotic disorders face an increased risk of physical health issues, leading to reduced life expectancy. Despite recommendations to integrate physical health promotion into mental healthcare, challenges persist, and mortality from somatic diseases continues to rise. Understanding healthcare providers' perspectives is crucial to overcoming these barriers. This study aims to explore the experiences of healthcare providers working in direct patient care and as unit heads regarding factors influencing health promotion in Swedish psychosis outpatient units.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative descriptive study was conducted in two specialized psychosis outpatient units. Thirteen healthcare providers, including clinical case managers and three heads of units, were individually interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three main themes were generated: (1) Health care providers' attitudes and competence. The health care provider's values and beliefs influenced the engagement in health promotion. (2) Patient-related aspects. Understanding how different patient life components shaped the physical health and need for measurements (3) Organizational prerequisites. Prioritizing resources and leadership impact the experience of health promotion. Clinical case management appeared as a promising approach to coordinate/integrate physical and mental health care, evident in themes 1 and 3.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Beyond organizational factors, healthcare providers' skills, patient understanding, and ethical reflection influence their motivation to engage in physical health promotion. The study included only 13 participants, representing various professions, including managers who provided specific leadership perspectives. Clinical case managers appear well-suited to address physical health promotion due to their proficiency in shared decision-making and coordination.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"659-667"},"PeriodicalIF":16.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A feasibility study of a participatory designed program for preventing cardiovascular disease in mentally vulnerable patients.","authors":"Lone Fisker Christensen, Randi Bilberg, Inge Birkemose, Anette Søgaard Nielsen, Thomas Kaarsted, Anne Kathrine Overgaard, Tanja Maria Sheldrick-Michel, Bent Nielsen, Kjeld Andersen","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2402241","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2402241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To test the feasibility of a participatory design intervention aimed at reducing the risk of cardio-vascular disease among patients suffering from alcohol use disorder (AUD) or severe mental illness (SMI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The intervention was developed by patients from the Community Mental Health Center and the Alcohol Treatment Facility in Odense, Denmark, and consisted of eight modules (health interviews, screening and treatment, introduction, diet/alcohol, physical activity, smoking, health app, and sleep problems). The intervention was tested using pre- and post-measurements of selected variables, patients' intervention attendance, and interviews and dialogue workshops at the end of the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 21 out of 42 eligible patients from the Alcohol Treatment Facility and two out of 443 eligible patients from the Community Mental Health Center accepted participation in the study. The two patients from the Community Mental Health Center were not included in the analyses due to General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). All patients accepted being screened for risk factors at inclusion, and the majority enrolled in at least one of the subsequent modules. The study indicated that the patients followed recommendations from their GPs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a great need for focus on cardio-vascular disease in patients with SMI and those with AUD. Results indicate that the intervention is feasible for patients with AUD, but due to inclusion of too few patients with SMI, nothing can be concluded for this patient group. Patients and staff in the Alcohol Treatment Facility agreed that the intervention has future perspectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"627-633"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonality and sun exposure in incidence of major depression, bipolar disorder, and first-time use of antidepressant medication.","authors":"Carlo Volf, Marie Kim Wium-Andersen, Ida Kim Wium-Andersen, Peter Elm Aagaard, Eskild Soldal Eriksen, Merete Osler, Klaus Martiny","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2379848","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2379848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Seasonality in depressive and bipolar disorders, are recognized in the ICD-10/11 and DSM-5 diagnostic systems. The existence of a seasonal pattern of hospital diagnosis of major depression, bipolar disorder and prescription of antidepressant medications has not been evaluated in the Danish population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrieved date and year for all first-time hospital contacts with depression or bipolar disorder between 1999 and 2019, registered in the Danish National Patient Registry. Depression was defined using the ICD-10 F32-F33 codes, and for bipolar disorder the F30 or F31 codes. Date and year of all first-time purchases of antidepressant medications with ATC codes (N06A) between 1999 and 2021 were retrieved from the Danish National Prescription Registry, containing information on all prescribed drugs dispensed at pharmacies since 1995. Data on sunlight hours from 2012 to 2021 were retrieved from the Danish Metrological Institute.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Incidences of hospital diagnoses as well as purchases of medication varied with month and season. The monthly variations were larger for antidepressant medication and smallest for bipolar disorder. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that number of first-time diagnoses of depression or bipolar disorder did not correlate with season. For antidepressant medication the number of first-time prescriptions was significantly lower in summer compared to the winter season.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found a seasonal variation of first-time prescriptions of antidepressant medication. We did not find a seasonal variation in first-time hospital diagnoses. Further research looking into depression severity, polarity of bipolar illness episodes, lag-time for sunlight exposure, and specific parts of the yearly photoperiods should be conducted.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"603-609"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141752246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patients and family attitudes about clinical and research sharing of electronic clinical data.","authors":"Roman Koposov, Line Stien, Carolyn Clausen, Bennett Leventhal, Odd Sverre Westbye, Øystein Nytrø, Kaban Koochakpour, Dipendra Pant, Thomas Brox Røst, Arthur Mandahl, Hege Hafstad, Norbert Skokauskas","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2371872","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2371872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To access the attitudes of service users about the sharing of health records for research and to foster collaboration between municipal health services and the specialist health services in Norway.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Members (<i>n</i> ≈ 2000) of the Norwegian mental health service users' organizations (SUO's), ADHD Norway, the Autism Association and the Tourette Association, representing Central Norway, participated in the study, (<i>N</i> = 108, 5.4% response rate). Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate distributions of responses to the questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Service users reported being aware that municipal health services collaborate with the specialist health service (62%), with mental health care in the specialist health service (57%), and child and adolescent psychiatric services (61%). A large proportion of individuals were aware of the benefits of sharing their health records (93%), have trust in the use of data by health authorities (81%), and were willing to share records to benefit fellow patients (84%). Personal experience (69%) and impressions from mainstream media (55%) had the most influential impact on users' views of the Health Platform, an electronic health communication system. A majority of users had a negative perception of the Health Platform, even though some expect it to become a valuable tool in the future (50%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Service users are aware of and positive about benefiting others by sharing health records. They trust the health authorities, however, have negative attitudes about the Health Platform, apparently based on personal experiences and media influence. However, service users can see the potential usefulness of the Health Platform in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"577-582"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabinoids as alleviating treatment for core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review.","authors":"Emma Wen Dieperink Ibsen, Per Hove Thomsen","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2381541","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2381541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting about 1% of children. The disorder is characterized by difficulties within three core symptoms: social interactions, communication, and restricted or repetitive behavior. There is currently no approved psychopharmacological treatment; however, it is hypothesized that ASD symptoms might be ameliorated by manipulating the endocannabinoid (eCB) system.This study aims to review the existing research on cannabinoids as a potential effective treatment for the core symptoms of ASD in children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, APA PsychInfo, and Cochrane. The available literature was screened, and studies were included if: the study population consisted of children/adolescents, the treatment involved cannabinoids, and the outcome assessed was the impact on core ASD symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search yielded five studies, two RCTs and three cohort studies. All the included studies reported an effect of the cannabinoid treatment; however, most of these effects were non-significant and not related to core symptoms. Only one study found a significant improvement on all three core symptoms. The risk of bias was rated as \"high\" or \"very high\" in four studies and as \"low\" in one study.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Although the included studies did not find substantial results regarding core ASD symptoms, they all reported that cannabinoid treatment had other positive effects. However, Long term outcome is unknown, and safety aspects are scarcely discussed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on this review, the effect of cannabinoid treatment on ASD core symptoms is not clear; therefore, further studies are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"553-560"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141734731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences of receiving a medical consultation - an interview study among hospitalized psychiatric patients.","authors":"Sofie Krogh Wolsing, Peter Hjorth, Anders Løkke, Ole Hilberg, Jannie Christina Frølund","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2373251","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2373251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>People with mental illness often experience more physical health problems, compared to the general population. Therefore, we conducted medical consultations to hospitalized psychiatric patients. The purpose of our study was to investigate experiences of medical consultations from a patient perspective.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted 17 qualitative, semi-structured interviews with hospitalized psychiatric patients who received a medical consultation in the period of February to May 2023. The interviews were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients perceived the medical consultation as important in bridging the gap between psychiatric and somatic treatment. The consultation created a sense of security, with patients emphasizing the importance of acknowledgment by the medical doctor. However, some patients were affected by their state of mind and their psychiatric treatment, resulting in memory impairment, which prevented fully utilization of the medical consultation. The support from psychiatric staff proved crucial for patients in initiating somatic interventions.The results are presented in the two overarching themes: (1) Experiences of a medical consultation in a psychiatric setting and (2) communication and support as influential factors for benefits of the medical consultation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our interview study reveals that hospitalized psychiatric patients experience a medical consultation as an important initiative. The relationship between the patient and the medical doctor, the patient's state of mind, and the support of the psychiatric staff play significant roles. Incorporating these factors in the medical consultation enables a beneficial outcome that can improve the health of people with mental illness.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"583-590"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141734732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of health services and treatment alliance among extensively hospitalized patients due to severe self-harm - results from the Extreme Challenges project.","authors":"Tuva Langjord, Geir Pedersen, Tone Bovim, Kjetil Bremer, Tore Buer Christensen, Oddbjørn Hove, Arvid Nikolai Kildahl, Erlend Mork, Astrid Berge Norheim, Ruth-Kari Ramleth, Kristin Lie Romm, Johan Siqveland, Thea Schønning, Line Indrevoll Stänicke, Terje Torgersen, Mona S Pettersen, Tone Tveit, Øyvind Urnes, Fredrik A Walby, Elfrida Hartveit Kvarstein","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2376162","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2376162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Extensive psychiatric hospitalization due to repeated severe self-harm (SH), is a poorly researched area, but a challenge within health services (HS). Recent studies have demonstrated high levels of involuntary treatment among patients with severe personality disorder (PD) and complex comorbidity. Keeping focus on extensively hospitalized SH patients, this study aimed to investigate patients' and clinicians' evaluation of HS and treatment alliance.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional study with an inpatient sample (age >18 years) with frequent (>5) or long (>4 weeks) psychiatric hospital admissions last year due to SH or SA recruited from 12 hospitals across health regions (<i>N</i> = 42). Evaluation included patient and clinician report.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A minority of the patients (14%) were satisfied with HS before the current admission, 45% (patients) and 20% (clinicians) found the current admission helpful, and 46% (patients) and 14% (clinicians) worried about discharge. Treatment complaints were received in 38% of the cases. Outpatient mental HS were available after discharge for 68% and a majority of clinicians indicated satisfactory contact across HS. More intensive or specialized formats were unusual (structured outpatient treatment 35%, day treatment 21%, ambulatory services 32%, planned inpatient services 31%). Mutual problem understanding, aims, and confidence in therapists during the hospital stay were limited (patient-rated satisfactory mutual problem understanding: 39%, aims of stay: 50%, confidence: 50%). Patient and therapist alliance-ratings were in concordance for the majority.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights poor HS satisfaction, poor patient-therapist coherence, limited treatment alliance and limited follow-up in structured treatments addressing SH or intermediary supportive ambulatory/day/inpatient services.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"591-602"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141913453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patients' perception of the quality of psychiatric inpatient care in the Faroe Islands.","authors":"Lars-Olov Lundqvist, Marja L Gjógvará, Laila Olgarsdóttir, Anna Sofía Veyhe, Agneta Schröder","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2402239","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2402239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Evaluating the quality of psychiatric care from the patient's perspective is crucial to measure the effectiveness of the provided care. This study aimed to translate the original Swedish Quality in Psychiatric Care - Inpatient (QPC-IP) instrument into Faroese, adapting it to the specific context of psychiatric inpatient care in the Faroe Islands, conducting a detailed evaluation of its psychometric properties, and to describe patients' perception of quality of psychiatric care.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Following a thorough translation and back-translation, the content validity of the Faroese QPC-IP was confirmed by a group of Faroese patients. Subsequently, the instrument was completed by 61 psychiatric inpatients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Item total correlations revealed that most items strongly correlated with their intended dimensions, mirroring the original Swedish version. However, a noteworthy exception was found in the discharge dimension, leading to the exclusion of an item related to helping find an occupation; this task was not performed by the ward. While the internal consistency of the overall scale was excellent, specific dimensions exhibited lower consistency.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The translation and cultural adaptation of the Faroese QPC-IP proved satisfactory. The psychometric evaluation affirmed a shared understanding of the quality of psychiatric care in both Faroese and Swedish cultural contexts. As a result, the Faroese QPC-IP emerges as a valuable instrument for assessing the quality of psychiatric care in the Faroe Islands. Its utility extends to quality assurance initiatives and contributes to cross-cultural research examining the quality of psychiatric care from the patient's perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"616-626"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief report: ADHD Rating Scale-IV (parent/caregiver-report) norms for young Danish schoolchildren.","authors":"Trine Wigh Arildskov, Anne Virring, Rikke Lambek, Edmund J S Sonuga-Barke, Søren Dinesen Østergaard, Per Hove Thomsen","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2388070","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2388070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV) assesses ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents. The original United States norms comprise percentiles. Yet, no Nordic percentile norms exist, and only T-scores, which (often falsely) assume normally distributed data, are currently available. Here, we for the first time provide Danish percentile norms for children aged 6-9 based on parent/caregiver-reports, and illustrate the potential consequences of T-scores when derived based on the expected skewed distribution of an ADHD scale in the population.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The sample comprised 1895 Danish schoolchildren (879 girls and 1016 boys) in 1st, 2nd, or 3rd grade from the general population. Their parents/caregivers completed the ADHD-RS-IV. Sex and age differences were investigated, percentiles were derived based on the observed score distributions, and for comparison, T-scores > 70 were estimated, which are expected to identify the top 2.3% under the assumption of normality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Boys were rated to have higher ADHD-RS-IV scores than girls except on the impulsivity score. No age effects were found on the majority of scores. Sex-stratified and unisex percentiles (80, 90, 93, 98) were reported. The distribution of ADHD-RS-IV scores were highly skewed. T-score cutoffs identified a significantly higher proportion of and about twice as many children as having elevated ADHD symptoms than expected (4.3-5.2% <i>vs</i>. 2.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ADHD-RS-IV (parent/caregiver-report) percentile norms for young Danish schoolchildren are now available for future reference. The use of percentiles is considered appropriate given the skewed score distribution and since T-scores appear to over-identify children as having clinically elevated ADHD symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"644-648"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness be a marker for distinguishing bipolar depression from unipolar depression?","authors":"Osman Hasan Tahsin Kılıç, Ömer Kartı, Pelin Kıyat, Zehra Nur Bayram, Çiğdem Kırcı Dallıoğlu","doi":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2381545","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08039488.2024.2381545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to compare retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study included thirty MDD, thirty-two BD participants in depressive episode, and thirty-seven controls matched according to age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and smoking status. Optic coherence tomography (OCT) measurements were performed for both participants and controls. The RNFL and GCC thickness were measured and recorded automatically by a spectral OCT device. Participants were also subjected to Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RNFL superior thickness was significantly lower in BD participants, compared to the MDD participants and controls (<i>p</i> = 0.001). GCC inferior (<i>p</i> = 0.022) and inferonasal (<i>p</i> = 0.005) thickness were detected lower in BD group, compared to the control groups. In the BD group, HAM-D scores were negatively correlated with RNFL-temporal (<i>p</i> = 0.049, <i>r</i>= -0.357), GCC inferotemporal (<i>p</i> = 0.02, <i>r</i>= -0.416) and superotemporal thickness (<i>p</i> = 0.002, <i>r</i>= -0.546).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RNFL thickness were lower in BD participants compared to the MDD and controls and, GCC thickness were lower in BD participants compared to the controls. Our findings support the hypothesis that neurodegeneration is part of the pathogenesis of BD. Future research are needed to confirm the lack of RNFL thickness in MDD, which could have immediate therapeutic consequences as well as implications for distinguishing BD from MDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19201,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"610-615"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141752245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}