Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association最新文献

{"title":"he Survey of the Knowledge of Dry Socket and Management Among Dental Practitioners; Still Controversy?","authors":"N. Khawaja, K. Parveen, Abdullah Almotreb, Rashed Tashkandi","doi":"10.25301/jpda.284.192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25301/jpda.284.192","url":null,"abstract":"xodontia is a common procedure in Dentistry. Dry Socket (DS) is one of the delayed post-extraction complication, reported usually 2-4 days postoperatively with moderate to severe pain with the incidence of 0.5-5% in routine extractions.1-2 The name dry socket is used because blood clot is lost and covered by a green-grayish membrane. This term was first used in 1896 by Crawford.3 Since then, other terms have been used to describe dry socket: localized osteitis, alveolar osteitis (AO), fibrinolytic alveolitis, alveolitis sicca dolorosa, and localized osteomyelitis.4 Dry socket is dislodgment of clot with exposed intrasocket bone (denuded bone) as acute painful complication arising 72 hours postoperatively.5,6 Most of published data states that the incidence of dry socket is 1-5% for all routine dental extractions and up to 40% for impacted mandibular third molars.7-11 The incidence of dry socket is higher in the mandible than maxillae12, occurring up to 10 times more often for mandibular molars compared with maxillary molars because of dense bone.13 Clinically dry socket is characterized by severe throbbing pain, marked halitosis, foul odor, and greyish look. Several theories have been documented on the etiology of dry socket including bacterial infection, trauma, and biochemical agents.9 According to one theory, there is increased fibrinolytic activity and activation of plasminogen to plasmin in the presence of tissue activators in dry sockets.14 This fibrinolytic activity is thought to affect the in tegr i ty of the pos t -ext rac t ion b lood c lo t . 2 Microscopically, dry socket is characterized by the presence of inflammatory cellular infiltrate, with numerous 1. Faculty, Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, KSU, Riyadh. Former Assistant Professor, HoD, Oral Path, Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Dental Section, NMC, Multan. 2. Lecturer, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh. 3. Intern; College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh. 4. Intern; College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh. Corresponding author: “Dr. Naveed A. Khawaja” < nakhawaja@yahoo.com >","PeriodicalId":191918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129012025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Procedure Specific Videos in the Performance of Restorative Procedures by Pre-Clinical dentistry Students","authors":"S. Khan, Fasiha Moin Kazi, Shama Asghar","doi":"10.25301/jpda.284.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25301/jpda.284.176","url":null,"abstract":"uring the course of dental education, students combine their theoretical knowledge, technical skills and artistic abilities to perform dental procedures.1 Training of Pre-clinical students is designed to provide students with a simulated environment where they can actively and efficiently learn and practice their clinical skills and form the foundations of working on live patients.2 Traditionally students receive live clinical demonstration from an expert teacher who performs step by step clinical procedure which is then practiced on phantom teeth.3 Clinical demonstration is usually done in small group of students which is usually time consuming and detailed visualization might not be possible for all students.4 Observation of procedure is important and by any means if teachers can improve the learning process it will reduce the risk of procedural errors.3 With the advances in technology the teaching process needs to be improved. Video assisted learning has become an integral part of effective teaching.5 Using procedural or instructional videos have shown to augment student's preparedness for real life clinical practice and helps them to improve their skills at their own pace and learning ability.6 It helps in better visualization and offer simulation in variety of learning styles according to a student's 1. Senior Registrar, Department of Operative Dentistry, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi. 2. Senior Registrar, Department of Operative Dentistry, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi. 3. Associate Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry,Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi. Corresponding author: “Dr. Sara Ikram Khan” < saraikramkhan90@gmail.com >","PeriodicalId":191918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115338770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practices of Dentists about Digital Techniques in Dental Radiology and Radiographic Safety","authors":"A. Hasan, J. Khan, B. Ali, Zareen Afshan, Mirza Nidal Shakir, S. A. Shah","doi":"10.25301/jpda.284.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25301/jpda.284.181","url":null,"abstract":"adiology is one of the most important tool for a dental practitioner to perform routine procedures. From diagnosis to treatment and follow-up, radiography plays an integral role in ensuring a successful outcome.1 Digital radiology was introduced to dentistry in 90's.2 Lately, there has been a steady growth of digital technology worldwide. Digital sensors of various types have become a part of mainstream dentistry.3 Along-with the two dimensional digital imaging, a lot of research and advancement in three dimensional dental imaging has also taken place. 'Cone Beam Computed Tomography' or simply CBCT has also become a standard of care for diagnosis and treatment planning worldwide. The advancement has reached such a stage where information from a CBCT scan is merged digitally with an intra oral scan to produce virtual anatomical designs of patients oral structures. This combined with a 3D printer enables the dental practitioner to deliver treatments with pin point accuracy and minimum morbidity.4 In spite of all these advancements, and reduction of radiation dosage due to digital techniques, basic rules of safety still apply. There has been a concern among researchers 1. Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Dow Dental College DUHS, Karachi. 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Dow Dental College DUHS, Karachi. 3. Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Dow Dental College DUHS, Karachi. 4. Lecturer, Department of Operative Dentistry, Dow Dental College DUHS, Karachi. 5. Lecturer, Department of Operative Dentistry, Dow Dental College DUHS, Karachi. 6. Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Dow Dental College DUHS, Karachi. Corresponding author: “Prof. Dr. Arshad Hasan” < arshad.hasan@duhs.edu.pk >","PeriodicalId":191918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association","volume":"237 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115828733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significance of Expression of Cyclin D as an Early Indicator in Dysplastic Transformation of Oral Mucosa in Tobacco Users","authors":"Sarwat Batool, Amin Fahim, Aneela L. Qureshi, S. Anas, Nazia Qamar, Shahid Kamran","doi":"10.25301/jpda.284.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25301/jpda.284.171","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES: To observe the expression of Cyclin D in transition of normal oral mucosa to dysplastic lesions and to find out the possible association of immunostaining in normal oral mucosa and different grades of oral dysplasiaMETHODOLOGY: In this cross sectional analytical study, total of 120 diagnosed paraffin embedded blocks were included comprising of 60 samples of normal oral mucosa (Group 1) and 60 cases of various grades of oral epithelial dysplastic lesions(Group 2). Patient's were age, was on Cyclin in of to dysplasia.RESULTS: In Group 1, 45/60 (75%) patients were negative for Cyclin D. In Group 2, 40/60 (66%) were negative for Cyclin D. We found non significant association for Cyclin D staining in transition of normal oral mucosa to low grade lesions. But significant association was found in Cyclin D positivity in transition from normal mucosa to high grade dysplastic lesions.CONCLUSION: We found no of Cyclin D marker between normal and early dysplastic lesions, but the expression for Cyclin D was shown to be increased with increasing irreversible grades of dysplasia ie: from normal oralmucosa to severe dysplasia.","PeriodicalId":191918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129873411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Success of Buccal Infiltration Versus Intraligamentary Local Anesthetic Techniques in Mandibular First Molar with Irreversible Pulpitis","authors":"M. Naeem, S. Ehsan","doi":"10.25301/jpda.284.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25301/jpda.284.166","url":null,"abstract":"atients that are suffering from symptomatic irreversible pulpitis have to undergo conventional root canal treatment. This condition is associated with central sensitization and peripheral sensitization which results in a reduction in threshold and an increase in responsiveness of the peripheral ends of nociceptors.1,2 This increased pain response results in difficulty in achieving the cessation of pain, especially when neurogenic inflammatory mediators have produced morphogentic modification in neurons, causing resistance of the nerve fibres to the anaesthetic.1,2,3 This condition poses a challenge for dental health care provider to achieve optimum analgesia during procedure.1 For conventional root canal treatment (RCT) in mandibular teeth, Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is the conventional method for achieving effective localized analgesia. Unfortunately, this technique has poor success rate in irreversible pulpitis. Studies by Fowler et al and Kanna et al reported only 28% and 45.1% success rate after initial IANB using 2% Lidocaine with 1:1,00,000 epinephrine respectively.4,5,6 Recognizing the importance of providing local anesthesia for patients undergoing dental procedures, clinicians use other methods to increase the effectiveness of anesthesia.4,5,8 They often administer local anesthesia (L.A) through supplementary techniques at different sites than primary IANB. These techniques target the nerve endings and nociceptors instead of blocking the inferior alveolar nerve trunk.4 The Buccal Infiltration (B.I) and Intraligamentary injections (I.L) are the most commonly used supplementary local anesthetic techniques due to their immediate onset and easier techniques.4,5 Recent literature reported that B.I with 4 % articaine is significantly superior to other supplementary techniques (P= 0.001). On the other hand, with 2 % Lidocaine intraligamentary injections, a success rate of 50% was reported by Kanna et al and 56% by Nusstein, with using more precised computer controlled administration in 1. FCPS Resident, Department of Operative Dentistry, Fatima Memorial Hospital. 2. Associate Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Fatima Memorial Hospital. Corresponding author: “Dr. Muhammad Haris Naeem” < dr.harisqureshi@hotmail.com >","PeriodicalId":191918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117038350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Post Instrumentation Pain Score in Irreversible Pulpitis with Occlusal Reduction Versus No Occlusal Reduction","authors":"M. T. Khan, Sarosh Ehsaan, A. Hasan","doi":"10.25301/jpda.284.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25301/jpda.284.162","url":null,"abstract":"ain of endodontic origin is feared by patient and may present management difficulties for the treating clinician. Endodontic pain may occur before, during or even after the tooth is treated. It is managed accordingly.1 The reported prevalence of pain during endodontic treatment may vary between 3 and 58%.2,3 The reason of large variations in pain prevalence may be due to many factors. These include age and gender of patients, trauma to pulpal or periradicular tissues by mechanical or chemical way, microbiological factors, instrumentation techniques, percussion sensitivity before root canal therapy and the type of intracanal materials.2-6 Several techniques are in use for controlling pain in root canal therapy. These include use of analgesics preoperatively and corticosteroids use, use of anesthetics and reducing the occlusal surface of tooth.2-4,6-8,15 Reducing the occlusal surface of tooth is easy procedure to reduce endodontic treatment pain.4,16-18 Several studies have investigated the outcome of reducing the occlusal surface of tooth on pain during root canal therapy.2-4,6,9 Zaman H and Ahmed SS reported that mean post instrumentation pain score was significantly less in occlusal reduction group than non-occlusal reduction group.9 Similarly a local study by Sheikh et al concluded that mean post instrumentation pain was significantly less after occlusal reduction.4 Parirokh et al reported no major difference statistically on postoperative pain with or without occlusal reduction.3 Similarly a local study by Asghar et al concluded no major difference statistically on postoperative pain with or without occlusal reduction.2 It is evident from the discussion of published literature that there is a lack of consensus about the need for routine occlusal reduction after endodontic therapy. Similarly, 1. Senior Demonstrator, Department of operative dentistry, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore. 2. Assiciate Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore. 3. Professor, Head of Department, Operative Dentistry, Dow Dental College, Karachi Corresponding author: “Dr. Muhammad Talha Khan” <dr_talhakhan@hotmail.com>","PeriodicalId":191918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126825073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental Triology: Practice, Education and Research","authors":"F. Khan","doi":"10.25301/jpda.284.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25301/jpda.284.153","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":191918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115088365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time of Emergence of Permanent Teeth of the Children of Peshawar, Pakistan","authors":"N. Khan, Hasham Khan, M. Baloch, S. Abbasi","doi":"10.25301/jpda.284.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25301/jpda.284.154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":191918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130751442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrieval of Separated Instrument by Trephining Technique in Radix Entomolaris – A Case Report","authors":"Sumaiya Dossa, J. Khan, A. Hasan","doi":"10.25301/JPDA.283.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25301/JPDA.283.143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":191918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127007518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive Glass: Regeneration in Critical Size Defects in Tibia of Animal Models","authors":"M. Khan, S. Ghafoor","doi":"10.25301/JPDA.283.136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25301/JPDA.283.136","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":191918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116922816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}