Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Fear of COVID-19 on Dental Anxiety Levels","authors":"A. Kiyani, Syed Hamza Zia, Kanwal Sohail, Zarnab Rizwan, Ghina Rizwan","doi":"10.25301/jpda.312.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25301/jpda.312.95","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: Dental anxiety can be adversely affected by pandemics like corona virus. Most patients have preferred to defer their dental appointments and that patients generally neglect their health in epidemics. The investigation was carried out to determine the effect of the current coronavirus pandemic on dental anxiety by comparing through and post 1st wave of pandemic dental anxiety scores. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the Pakistani population using online surveys from June to August 2020. A total of 681 participants were recruited. Standardized and validated questionnaires were used to measure dental anxiety scores during and after the 2nd wave of pandemic. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Independent t-test was used to compare dental anxiety scores through and after the 2nd wave of COVID-19. Fear of COVID-19 among the participants was also evaluated. RESULTS: From a total of 681 participants, 668 responses were retained in accordance to the inclusion criteria. A statistically significant difference was obtained regarding the dental anxiety levels during and after the 2nd wave of COVID-19 (p value =0.001). However, there was no significant difference between fear of COVID-19 scale and dental anxiety scores during COVID-19 (p value = 0.284). CONCLUSION: The coronavirus pandemic has demonstrated an adverse effect on patient dental anxiety scores. We also noted that the majority of the people were not willing to attend their dental appointment during this pandemic. KEYWORDS: COVID-19, coronavirus infection, dental anxiety, fear.","PeriodicalId":191918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131572228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Remineralization Effect of Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate and Sodium Fluoride on Enamel Surface after Orthodontic Debonding: An In vitro study","authors":"Hafiza Asma Jawaid, Asmi Shaheen, M. Ilyas, W. Hamid, Ahmad Shamim, A. Shakoor","doi":"10.25301/jpda.312.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25301/jpda.312.65","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To compare the result of \"casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate\" with \"sodium fluoride\" (900 ppm) in remineralization of enamel after orthodontic debonding. METHODOLOY: This study was performed on premolars. Teeth were distributed into 3 groups A, B and C. The baseline microhardness of samples was measured. To create artificial demineralization, all samples were dipped in demineralizing solution. Surface microhardness (SMH) was re-measured for demineralization. Then, CPP-ACP was applied on teeth of gp B and NaF (900 ppm) was applied on teeth of gp C for remineralization. All teeth were cycled between deionized water and surface treatment for 12 weeks. The SMH of gp B and gp C was re-measured for remineralization. Paired t-test and Independent t-test were practiced to match MH before and after demineralization while keeping P value < 0.05. One way ANOVA was practiced to match mean difference in baseline MH and after demineralization. RESULTS: The baseline SMH of enamel decrease after demineralization. After application of test materials, mean SMH increased by 230.2 VHN and 207.5 VHN respectively. The %age of SMHR reveal the recovery rate of 41.2% in CPP-ACP and 19.1% in NaF group. CONCLUSION: For treating post orthodontic demineralized lesions, a remineralizing cream having casein phosphopeptide stabilized amorphous calcium phosphate is useful with some mineral and aesthetic improvements. KEYWORDS: Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP), Sodium Fluoride (NaF), Surface Microhardness (SMH), Vickers Hardness Number (VHN), Rmineralization.","PeriodicalId":191918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116097502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal Effect of Silver Nano Particles Coating on Denture Base Specimens Made of Acrylic Resin","authors":"Beenish Haider, Mehreen Imran, M. Raza, Zudia Riaz, A. Hanif, Sadia Akram","doi":"10.25301/jpda.312.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25301/jpda.312.59","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: The present study was under taken to determine the anti-fungal effect of Silver Nano partial coating in concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 1% on heat cure acrylic denture through diffusion disc method. Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) or simply acrylic is most commonly used material for construction of complete dentures. Denture stomatitis is an inflammatory disorder of oral mucosa, frequently observed in denture wearers. The unpolished intaglio surface of PMMA base dentures coupled with adverse conditions such as poor hygiene, dry mouth and compromised immune system leads to denture related stomatitis in 50-70% of complete denture wearers. Antifungal agents such as silver have been added to acrylic denture bases to in part self-disinfect property. METHODOLOGY: The supplied modeling wax sheet was cut in to 25 specimens of dimensions 10x10x 2mm with help of wax knife. The wax sheet was invested in stone plaster with in metal flask using open flasking method for mould formation. Heat cured acrylic resin polymer and monomer (Meadway Royale Heat Cure, MR. Dental, and UK) was mixed according to manufacturer's instructions of 2.5gm powder to 1ml monomer. The mixed acrylic was packed in dough stage followed by pressure packing in hydraulic bench press for 30 minutes under 9.8 MPa. Curing was done by placing the flask in water at room temperature until boiling. It remained in boiling water for 45 minutes and then allowed to cool down in water bath. A total of 25 acrylic plates were recovered from the flask and divided into five groups. Group A have no coating , group B coated with 0.1% sliver nano particles, group C coated with 0.2% silver nano particles, group D coated with 0.5% silver nano particles and group E coated with 1% silver nano particles solution. Each specimen was cut in to 6mm disc by Laser Engraving Machine. These discs were utilized for calculating zone of inhibition through diffusion disc method in agar media. RESULTS: The diameter of zone of inhibition increased with the increasing concentrations of silver nano particles. When the concentration of silver nano particles was 1%, the zone of inhibition size was maximum (20.48mm). When the concentration was 0.1%, the size of zone of inhibition was minimum (10.02mm) .This difference was statistically found to be highly significant (0.005). CONCLUSION: This study results demonstrate that silver nano-particles have good antifungal activity against Candida Albicans when used as surface coating. This antifungal property is directly influenced by the concentration of silver nano particles used. KEY WORDS: Antifungal property, Silver nano particles (AgNPs), Candida Albicans (CA).","PeriodicalId":191918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115075597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amlodipine-Associated Gingival Hyperplasia: A Case Report and Review of Literature","authors":"Amara Butt, Kanwal Sohail, A. Kiyani","doi":"10.25301/jpda.311.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25301/jpda.311.55","url":null,"abstract":"Gingival overgrowth can be adverse reaction of calcium channel blockers. Although nifedipine is commonly associated with this process, some case reports have also implicated amlodipine as a possible etiology. Here we present a case of a 59-yearold Pakistani female who developed gingival hyperplasia secondary to amlodipine use. We believe that the knowledge about amlodipine-associated gingival hyperplasia is necessary for dentists, so they can accurately diagnose this condition and provide appropriate management. KEYWORDS: Drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO), gingival hyperplasia, amlodipine","PeriodicalId":191918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114077020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self Medication among Dental Patients Visiting Tertiary Care Hospital, During COVID-19","authors":"Numrah Shakeel Malik, Muhammad Umair, I. Malik","doi":"10.25301/jpda.311.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25301/jpda.311.43","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate trends in self-medication practices among dental patients during the period of lockdown. Self-medication or using drugs without prescription of a doctor is a common practice round the world since a long time. During lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic all the dental facilities were either closed or were only offering emergency-treatments, therefore lack of services led general population to the practice of self-medication. This should be taken in account for the health and safety of patients. METHODOLOGY: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among the dental OPD patients visiting a tertiary care hospital post COVID-19 lockdown, from 20th September,2020 to 5th December 2020. Sample size was 451 and study participants were selected by convenient sampling technique. RESULTS: A total of 389 out of 451 patients self-medicated (383 females and 68 males). Most common reason was tooth ache (56.8%) followed by sensitivity of teeth (37.5%) and dental trauma (3.8%) was the least common reason. Hence, Pain relievers (68.5%) were used by most of the patients followed by antibiotics (35.5%). Prevalence was higher in patients of low socioeconomic status. Most of the patients thought self-medication practice to be acceptable. CONCLUSION: It was distressing that Self-medication practices among dental patients showed a remarkable increase during period of COVID-19 Pandemic as most of them had practiced self-medication, most commonly for relief from toothache. This issue, being a sensitive one needs to be given required consideration. KEYWORDS: Self-medication, COVID-19, pandemic, Dental OPD, Pain relievers, Tooth ache.","PeriodicalId":191918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association","volume":"54 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132287082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xerostomia Diagnosis – A Narrative Review","authors":"Ayesha N. Khalid, Savaiz Elahi, Arsha Qurban, S. Atif","doi":"10.25301/jpda.311.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25301/jpda.311.49","url":null,"abstract":"Xerostomia can be defined as a feeling of dryness of mouth, which may or may not be accompanied with reduced salivary secretions. Xerostomia may result in localized and systemic disturbances within the body. The overall global prevalence of xerostomia is 22% with wide variation among different countries due to difference in target population. This review presents the recent literature on the diagnostic methodologies that are present in recent times through subjective and objective corridors. The most commonly used subjective methods for the xerostomia diagnosis include: Fox questionnaire, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Xerostomia Inventory (XI), and Shortened Xerostomia Inventory (SXI). Objective xerostomia diagnostic tools include salivary flow rate assessment. Aside from this, there are numerous radiographical modalities that can be used especially in diagnosing salivary gland disorders or radiation exposure due to oncological treatments which can also provide the added information to diagnose or monitor xerostomia. These radiographic tools include computer tomography (CT), scintigraphy, sialography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasonography. Different combination of tools gives a better xerostomia assessment, selection of which also depends on the age and health condition of the patient. KEYWORDS: flow rate; hyposalivation; diagnosis; oral dryness; salivary gland dysfunction","PeriodicalId":191918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123195534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception of Smile Attractiveness Associated with Buccal Corridor Space Among Orthodontists and Laypersons Visiting de’ Montmorency College of Dentistry in Lahore, Pakistan","authors":"H. Sultan, M. Ilyas, Asmi Shaheen, Afsheen Ghani","doi":"10.25301/jpda.311.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25301/jpda.311.27","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency based on the acceptance of absent, presence or excessive buccal corridor space that maybe required for a smile to be apprehended as attractive among orthodontists and laypersons visiting de' Montmorency College of Dentistry in Lahore, Pakistan. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive cross sectional design was conducted to assess the perception of smile attractiveness among orthodontists and laypersons visiting de' Montmorency College of Dentistry in Lahore, Pakistan from July 2019 to January 2020. Both male and female participants with age ranging between 25 - 50 years were included in the study. Each participant was shown 6 digitally altered images of a female patient after which they were asked to rate whether the portrayed smile among the images was acceptable or not. All the collected information was entered and analyzed using the SPSS version 20.0 software. RESULTS: A combined total of 220 participants (110 Orthodontist and 110 Laypersons) who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were registered in this study. Among the orthodontists the mean age was 28.58±5.96 years and for the layperson was 23.38 ± 2.96 years. The mean total score for orthodontists was 33.28±7.08 and for layperson was 33.50±7.29. A statistically insignificant difference was found between the two study groups when stratified according to gender, however a significant difference was seen upon stratifying on acceptance of smile i.e. p-value = < 0.005 CONCLUSION: Both orthodontists and layperson do perceive that the buccal corridor space does have an impact on smile attractiveness and its acceptance. KEYWORDS: Esthetics, Dental*, Orthodontists, Perception, Smiling","PeriodicalId":191918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133660609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Precautionary Measures Medical Students & Doctors Practiced at Eid-ul-Adha during COVID-19","authors":"Usama Saeed, Javaria Saeed, Nabiha Khan, Muhammad Saeed","doi":"10.25301/jpda.311.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25301/jpda.311.32","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To analyze the precautionary measures that medical students and clinicians practiced during Eid-ul-Adha' 2020.\" METHODOLOGY: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted on medical students and doctors/clinicians/faculty in Balochistan, where the questionnaire (10 items) was posted on google platforms after Eid-ul-Adha between 10th to 31st December 2020. Inclusion criteria consisted of first to third year medical students and clinicians whereas fourth and final year, house officers and postgraduate students were excluded. Pilot study demonstrated reliability of questionnaire Cronbach's alpha 0.624. SPSS version 23 was used for analysis. RESULTS: In current study majority (n=82/126) of the study participants were males, more than half of them were medical students (n=73/126). Eighty percent (80%) participants (n=66/82) offered Eid's congregational prayer in masjids, 11/82 prayed at home only five (n=5/82) of them didn't perform prayer at all; majority (64%) of them practiced SOPs at the time of prayer in Masjid. In family gatherings, 73% followed all precautionary measures whereas 10% avoided SOP's. At the time of ritual livestock sacrifice, 62% participants followed whereas only 10% didn't follow to any precautions. During meat distribution, 68.5% study participants practiced all precautionary measures and just 2.7% did not follow SOP's during meat distribution. No significant difference was found between medical students and doctors in practicing precautionary measures, except during meat distribution (p-0.009). CONCLUSION: Medical students and doctors practiced precautionary measures well. However, statistically significant relation was found between medical students and doctors praying in masjids and maintaining a safe distance in Eid gatherings during this pandemic. KEYWORDS: COVID-19, Eid-ul-Adha, Precautionary Measures, Medical Students, Doctors.","PeriodicalId":191918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124796904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Infection Control Protocol amongst Dental Professionals – A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Ramsha Azhar, S. H. Ahsan, S. Rasool, S. Jamali, B. Hussain","doi":"10.25301/jpda.311.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25301/jpda.311.21","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: The objectives are: (1) to assess and compare the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding infection control protocols and (2) to identify the factor(s) that might influence the implementation of these protocols amongst dental professionals in all three dental campuses of a public sector university, Karachi. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in the three dental campuses of a public sector university, Karachi, for a period of three months from February to April 2019. The study participants consisted of dental and paradental professionals treating patients. A self-administered, structured, validated questionnaire was distributed among 285 participants, out of which 268 participants correctly filled and submitted back the questionnaire. Frequency distribution and Chi square test were performed. RESULTS: Campus A, covering areas of Mehmoodabad town, Karachi comprising 63 participants; Campus B, covering areas of Saddar town, Karachi comprising 68 participants; and Campus C, covering areas of Gulshan and Johar, Karachi comprising 129 participants, respectively. Statistically significant association was found between eyewear utilization among the designation of the practitioner, dental departments and dental campuses. Correspondingly, significant association was observed between awareness regarding needle stick injury protocol implementation with designation of the practitioner and dental campuses. Likewise, a significant association was found between utilization of rubber dams for maintenance of isolation with the age and designation of the practitioner, dental departments and dental campuses. CONCLUSION: The study highlighted the shortcomings of infection control protocol implementation in three dental campuses of a premier healthcare university of Pakistan. The results of this study may be utilized provincially and nationally for the construction and effective implementation of infection control policies. KEYWORDS: AIDS, Disinfection, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Tuberculosis, Needle stick injury.","PeriodicalId":191918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115445270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of Kennedy Classification of Partially Dentate Arches and their Association with different Sociodemographic Factors","authors":"A. Khan, A. M. Zaigham, Fizza Tahir, Najeeb Ullah, Aleeza Sana, Asma Shakoor","doi":"10.25301/jpda.311.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25301/jpda.311.16","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: This study aims to find frequencies of different Kennedy's classes in partially dentate arches and determine association of tooth loss with Sociodemographic variables. METHODOLOGY: A cross sectional study was done with a sample size of 335 individuals. All individuals were examined using diagnostic kit and data recorded on proforma according to Kuppuswamy's socio-economic scale. RESULTS: Mean age was 46 years with SD ± 1.22 with 189 female and 146 males. Kennedy's class III was most common pattern in both arches. Tooth loss is more in illiterate people showing significant correlation with education in both arches. Low income or unemployment shows significant correlation with tooth loss in maxillary arch. CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic status like education, income and occupation has an impact on frequency of tooth loss. KEYWORDS: Partially dentate arch, Sociodemographic factors, Education and tooth loss, Income, occupation and tooth loss","PeriodicalId":191918,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132503384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}