New Zealand Plant Protection最新文献_第2页

Ryegrass resistance to glyphosate and amitrole is becoming common in New Zealand vineyards 黑麦草对草甘膦和硝唑的抗性在新西兰葡萄园越来越普遍

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.30843/nzpp.2022.75.11760

C. Buddenhagen, Ben P. Harvey, Ben Wynne-Jones, D. Hackell, H. Ghanizadeh, Yuichi Ando, Zachary Ngow, T. James

{"title":"Ryegrass resistance to glyphosate and amitrole is becoming common in New Zealand vineyards","authors":"C. Buddenhagen, Ben P. Harvey, Ben Wynne-Jones, D. Hackell, H. Ghanizadeh, Yuichi Ando, Zachary Ngow, T. James","doi":"10.30843/nzpp.2022.75.11760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2022.75.11760","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of herbicide resistance in ryegrass (Lolium spp.) in the wine-growing regions in New Zealand is poorly understood. Cases of glyphosate, glufosinate and amitrole-resistant ryegrass were documented in a few vineyards in New Zealand in 2013, but there have been no regional surveys for resistance. To address this knowledge gap, 106 vineyards were visited across the important New Zealand wine-growing regions of Marlborough and Waipara in late February 2021, and Hawke’s Bay and Gisborne in late February 2022, and seed samples from individual plants at each site surviving weed-control measures were collected. Ryegrass was found in more South Island (68%) than North Island (20%) vineyards. These seeds, and those from a susceptible ryegrass population were sown in marked rows into trays (10-20 seeds per herbicide) and grown in a glasshouse. When seedlings reached the 3-4 leaf stage, trays were sprayed at the highest recommended label rate of glyphosate. Samples with enough seed were also screened against additional herbicides, amitrole, glufosinate or clethodim. The results indicated 39% of the surveyed vineyards contained glyphosate-resistant ryegrass, with cases detected across all regions, including 58% of vineyards in Marlborough. Eleven of the 27 Marlborough vineyards screened contained amitrole-resistant ryegrass; six samples were also resistant to glyphosate. However, glufosinate and clethodim were still effective against ryegrass at the sites tested. Considering the levels of herbicide resistance to ryegrass observed in this study, growers should explore alternative weed-suppression measures, including tilling, cover-crops, grazing, mowing and the use of herbicides with different modes of action.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78693571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Impact of guttation fluid from perennial ryegrass infected with different strains of Epichloe festucae var. lolii endophyte on Microctonus aethiopoides adult longevity 多年生黑麦草灌喉液侵染不同菌株内生菌对埃塞小棉蚧成虫寿命的影响

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2022-09-20 DOI: 10.30843/nzpp.2022.75.11756

P. Gerard, Ela Hiszczyńska-Sawicka

{"title":"Impact of guttation fluid from perennial ryegrass infected with different strains of Epichloe festucae var. lolii endophyte on Microctonus aethiopoides adult longevity","authors":"P. Gerard, Ela Hiszczyńska-Sawicka","doi":"10.30843/nzpp.2022.75.11756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2022.75.11756","url":null,"abstract":"Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) grows in association with a fungal endophyte Epichloe festucae var. lolii (Latch, Christensen & Samuels) Bacon & Schardl, which produces alkaloids that protect the grass against grazing by mammals and insects. These alkaloids are found in guttation fluid (xylem sap exuded from leaves through special structures known as hydathodes) and have the potential to impact on beneficial invertebrates in pastoral ecosystems. Newly emerged adults of the parasitoid Microctonus aethiopoides Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were supplied with guttation fluid from pot-grown ryegrasses infected with three different strains of endophyte (standard, AR37, AR1) or no endophyte collected at different times of the year, or water, sucrose solution or no liquid. Longevity was compared when individuals were held in separate vials in controlled environment room at 20oC with 16:8 h light:dark photoperiod. An enzymatic method was used to measure sugars in guttation fluid samples collected on three dates. Guttation fluid from endophyte-infected grasses was found to have no detrimental effect on M. aethiopoides longevity and to contain glucose and fructose. Guttation fluid from AR37-infected ryegrass collected in autumn increased insect longevity compared to water and fluid from standard-type infected ryegrass by 26% and 24% respectively. The lack of available food sources in New Zealand ryegrass-dominant pastures means that guttation fluid from AR37-infected ryegrass in autumn may contribute to M. aethiopoides efficacy as a biocontrol agent through enhanced longevity.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89367617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factors associated with soils suppressive to black scurf of potato caused by Rhizoctonia solani 土壤抑制马铃薯黑皮病的相关因素

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.30843/nzpp.2022.75.11761

P. Wright, R. Frampton, C. Anderson, D. Hedderley

{"title":"Factors associated with soils suppressive to black scurf of potato caused by Rhizoctonia solani","authors":"P. Wright, R. Frampton, C. Anderson, D. Hedderley","doi":"10.30843/nzpp.2022.75.11761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2022.75.11761","url":null,"abstract":"Soils in which disease fails to develop despite pathogen presence are considered disease-suppressive. They offer sustainable, effective protection to plants against infection by soil-borne pathogens. Naturally disease-suppressive soils have been reported for diseases of a diverse range of agricultural crops worldwide yet the underlying mechanisms of disease suppression are still not completely understood. Two large greenhouse experiments, conducted during 2017/18 (Year 1) and 2018/19 (Year 2), determined that soils naturally suppressive to stem canker and black scurf of potato (caused by Rhizoctonia solani) are present in vegetable-arable cropping soils of the Auckland and Waikato regions of New Zealand. Soil was pre-treated with heat prior to inoculation with R. solani and compared with untreated and uninoculated controls to ascertain if stem canker and black scurf suppression was ‘general’, or ‘specific’ (i.e. transferable; possibly involving specific microorganisms). Rhizoctonia solani inoculation was also combined with transfer of one part test soil to nine parts of a known disease-conducive soil. Abiotic factors such as soil texture and organic matter content influenced black scurf incidence and severity. Soil microorganisms were also involved in disease suppression since black scurf incidence and severity markedly increased when they were eliminated or reduced by soil heat pre-treatment. Microbial profiling of the soils through sequencing revealed that taxa of geographically close soils of the same type had similar fungal and bacterial community structure and diversity even though they differed in their capacity to suppress black scurf. These results suggest that although the soil microbiome as a whole, was mainly responsible for soil disease suppressiveness, certain bacterial genera or species may play a role in black scurf suppression.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76619123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Initial test of a semiartificial diet for the thistle biocontrol beetle, Cassida rubiginosa 半人工饲料的初步试验，为蓟生物防治甲虫，Cassida rubiginosa

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2022-07-14 DOI: 10.30843/nzpp.2022.75.11758

M. Cripps, J. Mills, L. Villamizar, C. van Koten

{"title":"Initial test of a semiartificial diet for the thistle biocontrol beetle, Cassida rubiginosa","authors":"M. Cripps, J. Mills, L. Villamizar, C. van Koten","doi":"10.30843/nzpp.2022.75.11758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2022.75.11758","url":null,"abstract":"The thistle biocontrol beetle, Cassida rubiginosa is established in New Zealand, but often not sufficiently abundant to achieve control of the weed, Cirsium arvense (Californian thistle). Mass production of the beetle could enhance biocontrol efforts through supplemental and inundative releases. We carried out an initial test of a semiartificial diet (containing host plant material) designed for laboratory mass production of the beetle. Larval survival rates were tested on diets with three different concentrations of preservatives (full, half, and no preservative), and compared to a positive control (leaf disc of Cirsium arvense), and a negative control (water). Only larvae on the leaf disc developed to the adult stage. Of the diets, the longest survival time was on the full preservative diet, with a mean mortality time of 8.8 ± 0.6 days, and a maximum survival time of 21 days. Although no larvae completed development on the diets, some important progress was achieved: (1) Neonate larvae were mobile on the diet; (2) larvae fed on the diet; and (3) there was adequate control of microbial contamination without being acutely toxic to the larvae. Further development of a diet for Cassida rubiginosa should focus on nutritional components for larval development.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82227256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Update on the establishment of Thripoctenus javae in New Zealand and new locality records in Bay of Plenty kiwifruit orchards 爪哇蓟马在新西兰的建立和丰盛湾猕猴桃果园的新地方记录的进展

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2022-05-16 DOI: 10.30843/nzpp.2022.75.11752

Anuar Morales-Rodriguez, C. Rowe, A. Chhagan, J. Poulton, Shirley S. Dobson, M. Astill, N. Mauchline, A. Puketapu, P. Rogers, J. Herrick, K. Stannard, Catherine McKenzie, C. McKenna

{"title":"Update on the establishment of Thripoctenus javae in New Zealand and new locality records in Bay of Plenty kiwifruit orchards","authors":"Anuar Morales-Rodriguez, C. Rowe, A. Chhagan, J. Poulton, Shirley S. Dobson, M. Astill, N. Mauchline, A. Puketapu, P. Rogers, J. Herrick, K. Stannard, Catherine McKenzie, C. McKenna","doi":"10.30843/nzpp.2022.75.11752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2022.75.11752","url":null,"abstract":"The larval parasitoid, Thripoctenus javae (Hymenoptera: Eulopidae), was introduced into New Zealand in 2001 as a biological control agent for greenhouse thrips, Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis. We have re-evaluated the establishment of T. javae at the release sites from Kerikeri to Gisborne and surveyed kiwifruit orchards in the Bay of Plenty to determine how widespread the parasitoid has become.\u0000Release sites were surveyed in autumn 2017 for greenhouse thrips. Foliage samples were collected from numerous host plants, where greenhouse thrips were found, and the number of T. javae pupae on each leaf were recorded. In 2018, a second survey for T. javae was conducted in Bay of Plenty; samples of cryptomeria (Cryptomeria japonica) shelterbelt foliage were collected from 65 kiwifruit orchards. Foliage samples were washed and pupae of T. javae were counted.\u0000Thripoctenus javae were recorded at 80% of the original release sites from Kerikeri to Gisborne. The parasitoid was found at all sites in Whangarei and Bay of Plenty, 50% of sites in Kerikeri, 33% of revisited sites in Gisborne as well as the single site in Auckland. No host populations of greenhouse thrips were found at four release sites (Kerikeri =2 and Gisborne =2). In Bay of Plenty, T. javae were found at 32 kiwifruit orchards (49% of the total surveyed). All of these orchards are new locality records for T. javae. The furthest distance T. javae was found from a release site was 55.4 km.\u0000The introduction of T. javae into New Zealand has been successful with the parasitoid recorded at 80% of the original release sites after 17 years. Dispersal is evident in the Bay of Plenty where we have detected T. javae at 32 new locations on kiwifruit orchards.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86240472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sensitivity of the soil-borne pathogen Phytophthora agathidicida, the causal agent of kauri dieback, to the anti-oomycete fungicides ethaboxam, fluopicolide, mandipropamid, and oxathiapiprolin 土源致病菌抗真菌疫霉(杉木枯死的病原)对抗卵菌杀菌剂乙博肟、氟哌啶、下颌丙胺和oxathiapiprolin的敏感性

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2022-05-03 DOI: 10.30843/nzpp.2022.75.11751

A. M. Thurston, L. Waller, L. Condron, A. Black

{"title":"Sensitivity of the soil-borne pathogen Phytophthora agathidicida, the causal agent of kauri dieback, to the anti-oomycete fungicides ethaboxam, fluopicolide, mandipropamid, and oxathiapiprolin","authors":"A. M. Thurston, L. Waller, L. Condron, A. Black","doi":"10.30843/nzpp.2022.75.11751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2022.75.11751","url":null,"abstract":"The oomycete Phytophthora agathidicida is the causal agent of kauri dieback, which threatens the survival of endemic kauri (Agathis australis) forests in Aotearoa|New Zealand. Current chemical control of P. agathidicida involves the application of either a mixture of halogenated tertiary amines or phosphite salts with some success, but neither treatment cures the disease. Recently, four anti-oomycete fungicides, all with different modes of action, have become commercially available. Here, we determined the inhibition potential of these fungicides on three P. agathidicida isolates, using agar dilution assays. The average concentration required to inhibit mycelial growth by 50% (EC50) for ethaboxam, fluopicolide, and mandipropamid was 0.0916, 0.372, and 0.0196 µg/mL, respectively. Inhibition of P. agathidicida mycelia by oxathiapiprolin and its commercial formulation, Zorvec® Enicade®, was 0.000152 and 0.000309 µg/mL, respectively. Based on the EC50 values reported in this study, these fungicides are the most effective inhibitors of P. agathidicida mycelia when compared to previously screened fungicides, natural products, and plant extracts. Thus, their performance in this initial screening supports further research into their potential use as a kauri dieback management tool.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"111 3S 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73197966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

On-farm trials towards reduced insecticides in main crop potatoes in the Waikato Region of New Zealand 新西兰怀卡托地区主要作物马铃薯减少杀虫剂的农场试验

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2022-04-19 DOI: 10.30843/nzpp.2022.75.11749

F. H. MacDonald, P. Wright, Bryan N. Hart, Lindy F. Guo, S. K. Hunt, G. Walker

{"title":"On-farm trials towards reduced insecticides in main crop potatoes in the Waikato Region of New Zealand","authors":"F. H. MacDonald, P. Wright, Bryan N. Hart, Lindy F. Guo, S. K. Hunt, G. Walker","doi":"10.30843/nzpp.2022.75.11749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2022.75.11749","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato potato psyllid (TPP), Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), is the vector for “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” (CLso), which causes the serious disease “zebra chip” (ZC) of potatoes. Between 2016 and 2019, a reduced-insecticide approach to control TPP was evaluated. We compared a standard-insecticide weekly spray regime that included Integrated Pest Management (IPM)-compatible insecticides plus JMS Stylet Oil® (JMS) as a wetting agent, with a reduced-insecticide regime where we used the oil on its own on alternate weeks with the insecticide/oil mixtures. Spray programme start dates were determined by: (1) crop scouting; (2) sticky-trap monitoring; and (3) degree-day calculation. Crop scouting combined with a sticky-trap action threshold and degree-day data was an effective method for determining when to start spraying. The most substantial reduction in insecticides was achieved by alternating weekly insecticides with the oil formulation on its own. Sub-samples of TPP from sticky traps situated in the trials tested for CLso confirmed the presence of the bacteria in (commonly known as ‘hot’) TPP throughout the trials. The reduced-treatment approach gave statistically similar levels of ZC to the standard insecticide spray programme.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90235965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phylogenetic analysis shows that New Zealand isolates of Neonectria ditissima are similar to European isolates 系统发育分析表明，新西兰分离株与欧洲分离株相似

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.30843/nzpp.2021.74.11747

K. Everett, I. Pushparajah, R. Scheper

引用次数: 0

The effect of nitrogen source and quantity on disease expression of Neonectria ditissima in apple 施氮量和施氮源对苹果新树病表达的影响

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.30843/nzpp.2021.74.11748

L. Vorster, R. Butler, L. Turner, E. Patrick, R. Campbell, S. Orchard, M. Walter

{"title":"The effect of nitrogen source and quantity on disease expression of Neonectria ditissima in apple","authors":"L. Vorster, R. Butler, L. Turner, E. Patrick, R. Campbell, S. Orchard, M. Walter","doi":"10.30843/nzpp.2021.74.11748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2021.74.11748","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of nitrogen on the interaction between apple trees and European canker caused by Neonectria ditissima are not well understood. Previous field and laboratory studies have shown that nitrogen affects N. ditissima disease development, germination and germ-tube growth in vitro but the type of nitrogen source has not been examined in vivo. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of root-applied nitrogen from different sources on the development of European canker on inoculated potted trees. One-year-old ‘Royal Gala’ trees were planted in a low-nitrogen growth substrate and treated with a range of concentrations of calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) or other nitrogen sources (Ca(NO3)2, KNO3, (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, urea, YaraMila™) at equivalent molar rates of nitrogen as the highest CAN treatment. Treatments were applied during the growing season (Nov to May). The control treatment received no applied nitrogen. Bud and leaf scar wounds were inoculated at leaf fall with N. ditissima conidia. Tree growth and health, disease progression and leaf nitrogen content were monitored. The rate of nitrogen application affected tree diameter and leaf nitrogen content while the nitrogen source mainly affected tree survival, powdery mildew incidence, leaf weights, leaf nitrogen and European canker symptom expression. Trees treated with (NH4)2SO4 had the lowest survival rates and highest leaf nitrogen content. Disease expression was highest with NH4NO3 and lowest with KNO3 applications. The control plants (which received no additional nitrogen), showed the least amount of both growth and disease expression. Applications of CAN, even at the lowest rate (20 g), increased disease susceptibility. Increasing rates of CAN applications did not significantly increase disease incidence. Nitrogen concentration is an important factor in the disease development of European canker of apple. Field evaluation is recommended to further validate these results.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87157273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A herbicide resistance risk assessment for weeds in maize in New Zealand 新西兰玉米杂草抗除草剂风险评估

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.30843/nzpp.2021.74.11738

Zachary Ngow, T. James, C. Buddenhagen

{"title":"A herbicide resistance risk assessment for weeds in maize in New Zealand","authors":"Zachary Ngow, T. James, C. Buddenhagen","doi":"10.30843/nzpp.2021.74.11738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2021.74.11738","url":null,"abstract":"Despite an extensive history of research into herbicide resistance in New Zealand maize, some aspects remain understudied. Herbicide resistance was first detected in New Zealand in the 1980s in maize crops, with atrazine resistance in Chenopodium album L. and Persicaria maculosa Gray. Since then, Chenopodium album has also developed resistance to dicamba, and in the last five years Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. populations have been reported to be resistant to nicosulfuron. Here we estimate the risk of herbicide resistance arising in 39 common maize weeds. A list of weeds associated with maize was generated, omitting uncommon weeds and those that grow outside of the maize growing season. Weeds were ranked for their risk of evolving herbicide resistance with a scoring protocol that accounts for the specific herbicides used in New Zealand maize. Seven weed species were classified as having a high risk of developing herbicide resistance: Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv., Chenopodium album, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., Xanthium strumarium L., Amaranthus powellii S.Watson, Solanum nigrum L. and Digitaria sanguinalis. Seventeen species were classed as moderate risk, and 15 were low risk. Herbicide classes associated with more resistant species were classed as high risk,these included acetohydroxy acid synthase inhibitors and photosystem-II inhibitors. Synthetic auxins had a moderate risk but only two herbicides in this class (dicamba and clopyralid) are registered for maize in New Zealand. Other herbicide mode-of-action groups used in maize were low risk. We recommend outreach to farmers regarding weed-control strategies that prevent high-risk species from developing resistance. High-risk herbicide groups should be monitored for losses of efficacy. Resistance surveys should focus on these species and herbicides.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88583990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2