New Zealand Plant Protection最新文献

{"title":"Rhythmic biosynthesis of sex pheromone modulates the calling and mating behaviors of <i>Tuta absoluta</i> (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)","authors":"Ming-Lei Luo, Liang Huang, Furong Gui, Arnó Judit, Peng Han, Fanghao Wan, Guifen Zhang, Cong Huang, Yibo Zhang","doi":"10.1002/npp2.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/npp2.70030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a significant global pest of tomato. Although sex pheromones serve as effective biological control tools, their utilization remains inefficient due to a limited understanding of the circadian rhythms of courtship and mating. This study details a six‐step “morning flight–mating” behavioral sequence in T . absoluta : (1) resting, (2) preparation for morning flight, (3) morning flight, (4) courtship, (5) mating, and (6) post‐mating cessation. Laboratory observations revealed that their rhythmic behavior occurred between 05:30 and 08:00, with a pronounced peak from 05:30 to 06:30, and high population densities negatively impacted mating success rates. Field experiments corroborated these laboratory observations. Furthermore, the synchronized synthesis and release of major and minor sex pheromone components aligned with the timing of calling and mating behavior. These findings suggest that the “morning flight–mating” rhythm is mediated by the pheromone release cycle. Our results offer a basis for optimizing the timing of pheromone‐based control techniques, such as mating disruption and mass trapping, to enhance the efficiency and reduce the cost of pest control.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/npp2.70030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147892757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genistein induced by <i>Frankliniella occidentalis</i> feeding confers resistance to insect herbivores in peanut","authors":"Qian Wang, Xiaoran Wu, Zi-Wei Shi, Youlin Xia, Lifeng Liu, Yuanye Liu, Xiaobei Liu, Wenrui Liu, Xiujun Lu, Wei Guo, Dan Zhao","doi":"10.1002/npp2.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/npp2.70014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The western flower thrips ( Frankliniella occidentalis ) is a major pest of peanuts. Cultivating and deploying resistant varieties is the most effective and economic method for F . occidentalis management. However, the resistance mechanism of peanuts to F . occidentalis infestation remains unknown. Here, the Tianfu 22 (TF22) and Jinong 5 (JN5) varieties were identified as thrips‐resistant and thrips‐susceptible, respectively, based on field screening carried out across two consecutive years. Metabolomic profiling showed that thrip‐infested TF22 leaves exhibited differentially accumulated metabolites enriched in phenylpropanoid and secondary metabolite biosyntheses. Notably, some metabolites involved in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, such as biochanin A, genistein, and 7‐hydroxyflavone, were only induced in the infested TF22 leaves. External feeding and exogenous spraying confirmed that genistein reduced the pupation rate of thrips, decreasing its harm to peanuts. Furthermore, genistein significantly lowered the fecundity of Aphis craccivora and inhibited the weight gain of Helicoverpa armigera larvae. Three genes ( CHS , CHI , and IFS ) involved in genistein synthesis were significantly upregulated in infested TF22 plants. These results suggest that genistein is likely a pivotal resistance factor in peanuts, offering valuable insights for the cultivation and application of resistant cultivars.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/npp2.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147877508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitive and portable intelligent detection of imidacloprid in agricultural products using smartphone‐integrated test strips","authors":"Binbin Zhang, Wentao Zhang, Li Shi, Ning Zhang, Zhenjiang Liu, Jun Xu, Xiaohu Wu, Fengshou Dong, Yongquan Zheng, Xinglu Pan","doi":"10.1002/npp2.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/npp2.24","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The detection rate of imidacloprid (IMI) in agro‐products are increasing annually, posing negative effects on food safety and human health. A sensitive and portable dual‐mode lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) method, combined with the smartphone, has been established to monitor the IMI residues in agro‐products. Optimal detection conditions were achieved with 0.4 mg/mL of IMI coating antigen and 4 μg/mL of IMI monoclonal antibody. The limit of detection (LOD) for qualitative analysis with naked‐eye observation was determined to be 25 ng/mL. For quantitative analysis, 20% inhibition concentration (IC 20 ) was found to be 2.55 ng/mL, with a linear range (IC 20 –IC 80 ) of 2.55–26.94 ng/mL. The recoveries and relative standard deviation (RSD) were in the ranges of 90.4%–103.2% and 2.0%–11.7%, respectively. There was a strong agreement between the results obtained from the established method and those from UHPLC‐MS/MS, with the slope and coefficient of determination ( R 2 ) reaching to 1.091 and 0.9837, respectively. Overall, the proposed dual‐mode LFIA method provides an efficient approach for on‐site detection of IMI in agro‐products.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/npp2.24","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147879535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>New Plant Protection</i>: New challenge and new opportunity for plant protection","authors":"Jianping Chen, Kongming Wu","doi":"10.1002/npp2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/npp2.9","url":null,"abstract":"The most vital connections among organisms in an ecosystem are nutritional competition and mutual benefit, and these form the basis of food chains and webs. Plants maintain interactive relationships with both beneficial and harmful organisms in their environment, generating relatively stable natural ecosystems over millions of years of evolution. However, as the global population has continued to increase, natural ecosystems have not been able to meet the increasing demands for food. Around 10,000 years ago, humans began domesticating plants, which led to their rapid agricultural adaptation through extensive farming activities and the development of farming communities. This led to a breakdown in the equilibrium established in the ecosystem, leading to agricultural ecosystems being manipulated by human activity. Since then humans have been exploring improvements in the production efficiency of farming ecosystems by exploring methods to enhance crop yields and control losses to meet the food needs of the rapidly increasing population (from 5 million people 7000 years ago to 100 million people 2500 years ago, reaching nearly 8 billion in 2022). Among these agricultural improvements, plant protection technologies have emerged and progressively developed into a comprehensive scientific plant protection system that integrated with the development of natural sciences, including biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, and other sciences to effectively prevent and control plant pests. Damages to crops caused by pests and diseases lead to major yield losses, human starvation, and even social unrest. For instance, the Great Irish Famine in the mid-19th century, caused by potato late blight, resulted in the death of about 1 million people and the emigration of 1.5 million people to America. According to data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, up to 40% of the world's crops suffer from plant pests and diseases. Furthermore, about 25% of the harvested grains are contaminated by mycotoxins, diminishing their storage and subsequent consumption. This leads to agricultural trade losses exceeding US $220 billion annually. To reduce the impact of plant pests and diseases on agricultural production, humans have been attempting to improve agricultural production efficiency by developing plant protection technologies. Following the developments over the past 100 years, a series of technical systems of plant protection have been established, which include monitoring and warning, early diagnosis, agricultural, biological, physical, and chemical control, ecological regulation, use of resistant varieties, and others. Frequently, pesticides are used to control plant pests and diseases and thus increase crop production, along with improved crop varieties and fertilizers. At least 30%–40% of food losses can be recovered through the scientific use of pesticides. In the absence of pesticide applications in the United States, it is projected tha","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/npp2.9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147918330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potato mop-top virus: knowledge review, and evaluation of the biosecurity response to ‘incursion’ of this virus in New Zealand","authors":"Richard Falloon, Iain Kirkwood, Catia Delmiglio, C. Bleach, Jana Monk, Scott Clelland","doi":"10.30843/nzpp.2024.77.11778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2024.77.11778","url":null,"abstract":"Pomovirus solani (common name: potato mop-top virus, PMTV) was first recorded in New Zealand on 11 September 2018. In contrast, Spongospora subterranea, the vector of PMTV, was first recorded in New Zealand in 1909, and is widespread causing important diseases of potato. PMTV causes distortion on potato leaves, shoots and tubers, and was designated at the time of first record as an Unwanted Organism by the New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries. Spongospora subterranea and PMTV can survive for long periods in soil and in alternative hosts, so multi-year non-potato crop rotations are important for limiting the diseases caused by these pathogens. Both pathogens can also survive in wastes from potato processing factories, so disposal of processing effluent should be avoided on paddocks likely to be used for potato crops. The first observation and timely reporting of PMTV symptoms by a potato processing company instigated an official biosecurity response to the virus ‘incursion’, although PMTV may have been present 1 or 2 years prior to this first record. Rapid establishment of a PMTV Technical Advisory Group, including relevant international expertise, and the advice it provided, effectively directed the prompt response to the PMTV ‘incursion’, and the Ministry for Primary Industries and Potatoes New Zealand (Inc.) swiftly and effectively developed capability for monitoring and management of the ‘incursion’. Efforts since then by the New Zealand potato industry have reduced potential impacts of PMTV in this country, as demonstrated by low incidence of the virus in seed potato crops in 2019/20 and 2020/21. This low incidence indicates that PMTV is not adversely affecting potato productivity in New Zealand, and that management of the virus ‘incursion’ has been effective.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"5 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140975104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungi found in association with discoloured wood of kiwifruit vines in New Zealand","authors":"J. Tyson, K. Mellow","doi":"10.30843/nzpp.2024.77.11777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2024.77.11777","url":null,"abstract":"Vine decline and trunk diseases have been observed in New Zealand kiwifruit orchards since the year 2000. In 2019, a block of Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa ‘Hayward’ vines that were being re-grafted was noted to have differences in colouration of the internal wood of the cut trunks, with dark cores often corresponding with less vigorous vines and/or vines with trunk disorders. Cross-sections of 10 symptomatic and 10 externally asymptomatic trunks were taken from 1–1.5 m above the soil and fungal isolations made across the width of the trunks. Fungi found within the symptomatic vines included Neobulgaria alba, Ilyonectria spp., Neonectria microconidia, Gliomastix murorum, Clonostachys sp. and Penicillium sp. There was a wide variety of symptoms and fungal profiles seen. However, Neobulgaria alba often closely matched the stained areas seen in the wood and was not recovered from the asymptomatic vines. The most common fungus in the asymptomatic vines was Chaetomium sp. These isolations revealed a group of fungal genera that were associated with diseased trunks of kiwifruit at this site. Pathogenicity testing is needed to confirm which of these fungi are secondary invaders and which are primary pathogens of this host.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140689259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conifer samara structure diverges across the height of the tree crown","authors":"Thomas F. Carlin, Andrew J. Vautrin, Thomas Paul, Carol A. Rolando, Sam J. Davidson, Matthew B. Scott","doi":"10.30843/nzpp.2024.77.11779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2024.77.11779","url":null,"abstract":"Samara morphology, including weight, size, and wing-to-seed ratios, is an important precursor to seed dispersal, and therefore a primary driver in large-scale alien conifer invasions. Prior studies have not reported morphological differences between samaras of different cones within a tree possibly because cone position at differing crown heights has not been examined. This preliminary study investigated whether cones from different crown heights of three lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas) trees differ in the morphological characteristics of their samaras. Samaras from the lower tree crown were 17% heavier on average than those from the upper crown, without any significant differences in wing loading. Cones in the upper crown produced more seeds than in the lower crown, although this was inconsistent across the small sample size. These results suggest the effects on primary seed-dispersal are negligible, but further research is needed to determine the effect on secondary seed-dispersal. Larger seeds from the lower crown are better adapted to survive in a competitive environment near other trees, while cones in the upper crown may produce more, but smaller, seeds which could infer a bet-hedging strategy when dispersing into heterogeneous environments. These results suggest canopy-height should be considered when accounting for inter-cone variation in conifers.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140425382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the densities and distribution of root-lesion nematodes (Partylenchus spp.) in wheat grown in Canterbury, New Zealand","authors":"Maarten J Thiellier, Manjula Kularathna","doi":"10.30843/nzpp.2023.76.11768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2023.76.11768","url":null,"abstract":"Species of root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus spp.) are associated with significant reductions in wheat yield in wheat-growing regions around the world. Of these, Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus are known to cause the highest damage to the Australasian wheat industry. New Zealand is known to produce high wheat yields on a per-hectare basis yet little research has been conducted to date to determine the effects of Pratylenchus spp. on the production of wheat in New Zealand. Therefore, as the first step towards filling this knowledge gap, the current research focused on conducting surveys to determine the population densities and distribution of Pratylenchus spp. in wheat-growing regions in Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand. Surveys were conducted at ten selected sites that were geographically distinct from each other. At six of the ten sites, lesion nematode populations were reported to be above the recorded Australian threshold of 2000 nematodes per kg of soil. In Australia, it’s been recorded that around 50% yield reductions can occur in intolerant wheat varieties when population densities reaches this number. Differences in population density within each location was also observed indicating the uneven distribution of lesion nematodes within a field. Morphological measurements of the nematodes collected from multiple sites during this study confirmed the presence of P. thornei and P. neglectus in Canterbury wheat-producing areas indicating a potential threat to the New Zealand wheat industry by root-lesion nematodes. Further studies need to be conducted to fully understand the situation and to develop management strategies to mitigate threats from nematodes.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"91 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138606043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing Trichoderma species as biological agents for control of Dothistroma septosporum in Pinus radiata","authors":"R. Ganley, M. Kabir, R. McDougal, R. Bradshaw","doi":"10.30843/nzpp.2023.76.11776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2023.76.11776","url":null,"abstract":"Biological control of pathogens can be an important tool for long-term management of diseases. Species in the fungal genus Trichoderma have been used for a broad range of agricultural functions including biological control. Here we tested if isolates and mixes of Trichoderma spp. could be effective in reducing symptoms of dothistroma needle blight, caused by the foliar pathogen Dothistroma septosporum, on Pinus radiata. Pot trials with natural and artificial D. septosporum infection and field trials were undertaken. The majority of Trichoderma treatments were not significantly different from the control. However, in one experiment, the Trichoderma treatments significantly reduced disease symptoms in one seedlot but not in the other seedlot tested. Conversely, in the field trial, one Trichoderma treatment significantly increased symptoms in comparison to the control. PCR analysis indicated that Trichoderma can persist over time, 16 months after inoculation, in the soil P. radiata seedlings were grown in, however, further investigation is required. Overall, the results from our trials showed that the Trichoderma isolates and mixes tested were unable to control dothistroma needle blight in P. radiata and are not suitable as biological control agents.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139233165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An RNA interference (RNAi) target with potential to control Dothistroma needle blight","authors":"Ashleigh M. Mosen, Yanan Guo, Berit Hassing, Carl H. Mesarich, Rosie E. Bradshaw","doi":"10.30843/nzpp.2023.76.11770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2023.76.11770","url":null,"abstract":"Spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) involves exogenous spray applications of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules targeting specific genes, such as those essential to pathogens. This technique has shown great potential for controlling fungal pathogens of horticultural and agricultural plants, but few studies have evaluated its application to forest pathogens. Here we report the first demonstration of exogenous application of dsRNA molecules targeting a gene required for virulence in the foliar pine pathogen Dothistroma septosporum, the causal agent of Dothistroma needle blight (DNB). Constructs expressing sense and antisense dsRNAs were generated targeting a 509 bp fragment of the dothistromin toxin regulatory gene (DsAflR) in D. septosporum. DsAflR is required for the production of dothistromin, a phytotoxin essential for full pathogen virulence. We found that exogenous dsRNA is taken up and the RNA silencing mechanism is functional in D. septosporum through a series of in vitro and in planta trials, such as monitoring the uptake of fluorescently labelled DsAflR-dsRNA into the cell by confocal microscopy and quantifying the extent of gene silencing by quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). In vitro applications of DsAflR-dsRNA to D. septosporum reduced the accumulation of DsAflR mRNA compared to controls and, in some cases, were found to be statistically significant, despite a high level of variability in the results. Our study also demonstrated a reduction in DNB symptoms on infected pine needles sprayed with DsAflR-dsRNA, which was further supported by a significant reduction in fungal biomass. This preliminary study highlights the potential for SIGS as a future management scheme for controlling the forest pathogen D. septosporum, as well as other forest pathogens.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135548134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}