New Zealand Plant Protection最新文献_第10页

Differences in insect anatomy may affect tolerance to the fumigant ethanedinitrile 昆虫解剖结构的差异可能影响对熏蒸剂乙二腈的耐受性

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2018-07-30 DOI: 10.30843/NZPP.2018.71.144

G. N. Gidiglo, A. Najar-Rodriguez, M. Hall, M. Minor, Qiao Wang

{"title":"Differences in insect anatomy may affect tolerance to the fumigant ethanedinitrile","authors":"G. N. Gidiglo, A. Najar-Rodriguez, M. Hall, M. Minor, Qiao Wang","doi":"10.30843/NZPP.2018.71.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/NZPP.2018.71.144","url":null,"abstract":"Ethanedinitrile (EDN) is a potential alternative fumigant to methyl bromide for the phytosanitary treatment of timber and logs. Previously, adult golden-haired bark beetles (Hylurgus ligniperda) have shown high rates of tolerance to EDN, while all life stages of burnt-pine longhorn beetles (Arhopalus ferus) were highly susceptible. These results suggest that the fumigant mode of action might be species-specific and more complex than previously thought. Therefore, the anatomy of these beetles was examined to investigate potential differences in EDN toxicity related to these insect traits. The mesothoracic and fourth abdominal cuticles of 20 individuals were measured and compared across the two species. Spiracle sizes of 20 adult insects were also measured and compared across and within species. Of the two species, A. ferus had the thicker dorsal thoracic and abdominal cuticle. Adults of A. ferus had also the larger total spiracle area. These results provide important information to help explain the observed differences in EDN tolerance across the two species. Further work will test the main route of entry of EDN into the bodies of target insects and additional effects on EDN on insect behaviour.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88627997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of morning vs. evening inoculation on the development of Neonectria ditissima lesions 早接种与晚接种对新冠病毒病变发展的影响

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2018-07-30 DOI: 10.30843/NZPP.2018.71.208

E. Patrick, Anthea Garmey, L. Turner, R. Campbell, M. Walter

{"title":"Effects of morning vs. evening inoculation on the development of Neonectria ditissima lesions","authors":"E. Patrick, Anthea Garmey, L. Turner, R. Campbell, M. Walter","doi":"10.30843/NZPP.2018.71.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/NZPP.2018.71.208","url":null,"abstract":"The study of Neonectria ditissima causing European canker in apple trees is often dependent on controlled inoculation of tree wounds and development of canker lesions. This makes the success of the initial inoculation crucial for time-efficient research. The effect of morning vs. evening inoculation on the successful development of canker lesions was investigated. Ninety-six ‘Royal Gala’ trees were inoculated on six different days (February—March 2017), which covered several different weather conditions. On each inoculation day, 16 trees were inoculated on four rasp and four picking wounds, at 10:00 and 19:00 hours. These were then assessed over the following 8 months for presence of disease symptoms. Irrespective of rain (0—4.5 mm rainfall at the day of inoculation), temperature (average daily temperature of 14.8—21.3˚C), and humidity (average daily relative humidity of 59.8—94.2% rH), neither the day nor the hour of inoculation affected symptom development. However, more inoculated wounds developed symptoms in rasp wounds (91%) than in picking wounds (63%). Under the environmental conditions tested, inoculation timing (date and hour) had little effect on N. ditissima symptom expression.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86069993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Velvetleaf regenerates and reproduces after cropping 丝绒叶在收割后再生繁殖

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2018-07-30 DOI: 10.30843/NZPP.2018.71.216

C. A. Dowsett, T. James

{"title":"Velvetleaf regenerates and reproduces after cropping","authors":"C. A. Dowsett, T. James","doi":"10.30843/NZPP.2018.71.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/NZPP.2018.71.216","url":null,"abstract":"Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) was accidentally introduced into New Zealand in 2016 and intensive efforts are being implemented to mitigate the risk of its naturalisation. This study investigated the possibility of velvetleaf plants surviving in maize fields following silage harvest in late summer and early autumn. Velvetleaf plants were grown to maturity in a glasshouse during the summer of 2017—2018. They were left to seed and senesce naturally and, on 28 February 2018, five senesced plants were “harvested” at each height (0, 30, 50, 70 and 150 mm) with varying numbers of leaf nodes remaining (0, 0, 1, 2 and 3 pairs respectively). Velvetleaf was capable of regeneration 2—4 weeks after “harvest” from these leaf nodes. Forty percent regeneration occurred with 1 pair of nodes; 80% (2 pairs); and 100% (3 pairs). All regenerated plants subsequently produced mature seed pods with viable seed (95% germination) 6—10 weeks following “harvest”. Maize silage crops are normally cut ~100 mm above ground level. In this study, velvetleaf was able to regenerate and reproduce following simulated maize silage harvest at, below and above, normal cutting height. Growers are advised to continue management strategies for velvetleaf to prevent seed set following maize silage harvest and before sowing of the next crop or pasture.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85573439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Propidium monoazide combined with qPCR to differentiate live and dead conidia of Neofabraea actinidiae 单叠氮丙啶联合qPCR技术鉴别猕猴桃活孢子和死孢子

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2018-07-30 DOI: 10.30843/NZPP.2018.71.218

Lucia R. Ramos, I. Pushparajah, M. Kabir, B. E. Parry, K. Everett

引用次数: 0

Validating outsourced high throughput automated qPCR for increased research outputs from forest pathology trials 验证外包高通量自动qPCR，以增加森林病理学试验的研究成果

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2018-07-30 DOI: 10.30843/NZPP.2018.71.207

Renelle O'Neill, R. McDougal, S. Fraser, Catherine Banham, M. Cook, A. Claasen, Suzanne Simpson, N. Williams

{"title":"Validating outsourced high throughput automated qPCR for increased research outputs from forest pathology trials","authors":"Renelle O'Neill, R. McDougal, S. Fraser, Catherine Banham, M. Cook, A. Claasen, Suzanne Simpson, N. Williams","doi":"10.30843/NZPP.2018.71.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/NZPP.2018.71.207","url":null,"abstract":"Needle diseases of Pinus radiata caused by Phytophthora pluvialis and Phythophthora kernoviae have been increasingly recognised since the discovery of red needle cast in 2008. There is a need for rapid diagnostic screening of numerous samples, but sample processing time, equipment and staff availability limit the throughput and utilisation of diagnostic qPCR analysis in the research environment. Automated and high-throughput capable DNA extraction and real-time PCR provides the opportunity to expand the capacity of research trial analysis and a potential alternative to laborious isolation and plating but must be thoroughly validated before results can be used with confidence. The use of a high-throughput format for qPCR assays targeting Phytophthora pluvialis and Phythophthora kernoviae was validated on a robotic platform, proving to be consistently more sensitive than isolation, achieving qPCR detection down to 1% diluted inoculated material for Phytophthora kernoviae and 10% for Phytophthora pluvialis. Plating results yielded a 60% detection rate of Phythophthora pluvialis in inoculated needle fragments, whereas qPCR yielded a 100% detection on the same material. High throughout automated qPCR can therefore be utilised with confidence in forest pathology research trial analyses in future.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80672343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Parasitoids associated with codling moth (Cydia pomonella) in apple-growing regions in New Zealand 新西兰苹果产区与冷蛾(Cydia pomonella)相关的拟寄生物

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2018-07-30 DOI: 10.30843/NZPP.2018.71.199

V. Davis, W. Sandanayaka, J. G. Charles

{"title":"Parasitoids associated with codling moth (Cydia pomonella) in apple-growing regions in New Zealand","authors":"V. Davis, W. Sandanayaka, J. G. Charles","doi":"10.30843/NZPP.2018.71.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/NZPP.2018.71.199","url":null,"abstract":"Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) (CM) is a major pest of apples in New Zealand. Several biocontrol agents introduced in the past to control CM have only been partially successful at reducing CM populations, so a parasitoid wasp, Mastrus ridens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), was recently released into apple-growing regions. This study sought evidence of the establishment of CM parasitoids. Corrugated cardboard bands (2-cm wide bands with sentinel CM larvae and 10-cm wide empty bands to trap wild CM larvae) were used to assess the presence of M. ridens and other CM parasitoids in Hawke’s Bay, Nelson, Central Otago and Waikato regions. Five CM parasitoid species, including M. ridens, were recovered from sentinel and wide bands. Liotryphon caudatus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, released to control CM in 1906) was found in Hawke’s Bay and Waikato. Ascogaster quadridentata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, released to control CM in the 1930s), Glabridorsum stokesii (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, released in 1967 to control light brown apple moth), Dibrachys microgastri (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae, an accidental arrival) and M. ridens were found in all regions. The interspecific competition between M. ridens and other parasitoid species remains to be investigated.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75263492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Weather and inoculum factors associated with kiwifruit bud rot 天气和接种因素与猕猴桃芽腐病的关系

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2018-07-30 DOI: 10.30843/NZPP.2018.71.206

M. Kabir, B. E. Parry, J. Tyson, M. Manning, R. Beresford

{"title":"Weather and inoculum factors associated with kiwifruit bud rot","authors":"M. Kabir, B. E. Parry, J. Tyson, M. Manning, R. Beresford","doi":"10.30843/NZPP.2018.71.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/NZPP.2018.71.206","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3 (Psa) causes kiwifruit bacterial canker and also bud rot, which destroys developing flower buds and can become a severe problem, particularly in green-fleshed cultivars. The effects of weather and inoculum factors on bud-rot development were investigated. Experiments were conducted on two green kiwifruit cultivars: Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa ‘Hayward’ and A. chinensis var. chinensis Ã— A. chinensis var. deliciosa ‘Zesh004’ (known as Green14), at four sites for two consecutive years. Temperature and rainfall were recorded from bud burst to flowering and bud-rot incidence was monitored from approximately two weeks after flower bud appearance until flowering. Correlations between weather parameters and final bud-rot incidence, and between initial bud-rot and final bud-rot incidence were investigated. There was no significant association between temperature and final bud-rot incidence, but total rainfall and number of days of rain were positively correlated with final bud-rot incidence. Initial bud-rot incidence showed the strongest correlation with final bud-rot incidence and appeared to be the main factor that contributed to bud-rot.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78322355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of heat or chemical disinfection on the viability of ‘Fuji’ apple graft wood 加热或化学消毒对‘富士’苹果嫁接木活力的影响

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2018-07-30 DOI: 10.30843/NZPP.2018.71.213

B. M. Fisher, D. Hedderley, N. T. Amponsah, R. Scheper

引用次数: 2

Organic and inorganic nitrogen effects on spore production and mycelial growth of Neonectria ditissima in vitro 有机氮和无机氮对离体新树苗孢子产生和菌丝生长的影响

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2018-07-30 DOI: 10.30843/NZPP.2018.71.214

R. Campbell, Amandine Touron, M. Walter

{"title":"Organic and inorganic nitrogen effects on spore production and mycelial growth of Neonectria ditissima in vitro","authors":"R. Campbell, Amandine Touron, M. Walter","doi":"10.30843/NZPP.2018.71.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/NZPP.2018.71.214","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen (N) is known to influence the growth of Neonectria ditissima (N.d.), the causal organism of European canker. In vitro, inorganic N inhibits conidia germination at N concentrations above 0.2 mol/L while, in planta, foliar urea application increased disease expression of leaf scar wounds up to nine-fold. The influence of organic and inorganic N sources on mycelial growth and spore production of N.d. in vitro was investigated. Four organic and six inorganic N sources were tested on agar at concentrations of N between 0 and 0.2 mol/L, with 3 different N.d. isolates. Spore production was generally increased by the addition of low concentrations of N, with varying results at higher concentrations dependent on the N source; however, this also differed among N.d. isolates. Spore production was generally incompletely inhibited at the higher N concentrations tested. However, germination from the resulting conidia decreased, possibly due to morphological changes to the spores. Mycelial growth generally decreased with the addition of N. Understanding the N effect in planta will be further complicated by the physiological plant-N and plant-pathogen interaction processes.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88797739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of different methods for isolating Phytophthora spp. from a Canterbury waterway 坎特伯雷水道疫霉不同分离方法的评价

New Zealand Plant Protection Pub Date : 2018-07-30 DOI: 10.30843/NZPP.2018.71.211

A. Prasad, S. Casonato, N. Cripps-Guazzone, E. Jones

{"title":"Evaluation of different methods for isolating Phytophthora spp. from a Canterbury waterway","authors":"A. Prasad, S. Casonato, N. Cripps-Guazzone, E. Jones","doi":"10.30843/NZPP.2018.71.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30843/NZPP.2018.71.211","url":null,"abstract":"Phytophthora spp. pose a risk to New Zealand’s managed and natural ecosystems. As Phytophthora spp. are well adapted to aquatic environments, water surveillance can be used to identify their distribution. Seven bait species (Rhododendron arborescens, Pittosporum undulatum, Banksia attenuata, Camellia japonica, Pittosporum eugenioides, Pinus radiata, and Cedrus deodara) were evaluated for Phytophthora spp. isolation. Water was collected from 2 sites in the Suckling river (Tai Tapu) and half was membrane-filtered (3-Î¼m pore size) to capture spores. Leaf baits were floated directly on unfiltered water at room temperature in the laboratory for 7 days. Baits were also placed in nylon-mesh bags and floated in the Suckling river sites (in situ) for 7 days. Leaf lesions and membrane filters were cultured on Phytophthora spp. selective media. Eighty-six Phytophthora spp. isolates representing 5 colony morphotypes were recovered, 6 (3 morphotypes) from membrane filters, 25 (4 morphotypes) from baits on collected river water, and 55 (5 morphotypes) from in situ baits. The highest numbers of isolates were recovered from R. arborescens (50.6%; 4 morphotypes), Pinus radiata (17.2%; 3 morphotypes) and Pittosporum undulatum (12.6%; 2 morphotypes). In situ baiting using Rhododendron arborescens and Pinus radiata was the most effective method of isolating Phytophthora species.","PeriodicalId":19180,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Plant Protection","volume":"14 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72498530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0