Neuropsychopharmacology Reports最新文献

{"title":"Long prodromal symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in patient with intellectual developmental disorder-A case report.","authors":"Seyedehnasibeh Sadati, Forouzan Elyasi, Zahra Shyasi, Behzad Rouhanizadeh","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12454","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition that may arise at any point during treatment and is often associated with adverse reactions to dopamine-blocking agents. This syndrome is normally characterized by features such as muscle rigidity, alteration in consciousness, autonomic instability, and leukocytosis.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study is to investigate a borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) case in which NMS with insidious disease progression and long prodromal symptoms was developed.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>The investigated patient was a 38-year-old female diagnosed with bipolar disorder and a variety of corresponding disorders. The patient exhibited gastrointestinal symptoms and restlessness in the weeks leading up to the study, subsequent to the administration of elevated doses of haloperidol, risperidone, and lithium. In addition, she was hospitalized for restlessness and aggressiveness in the summer of 2023. Furthermore, due to her chief complaint, she received parenteral haloperidol twice in the emergency room, subsequently experiencing fever, altered consciousness, generalized rigidity, and dysphagia. Moreover, the patient's initial creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level was 2550 IU/L, and she was hospitalized in an intensive care unit with the diagnosis of NMS for 8 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case study highlights the necessity of being attentive about prodromal symptoms of NMS and emergent interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"521-525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11544438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141237996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the effect of Modafinil in the improvement of the level of consciousness in patients with COVID-19 encephalopathy: A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Fatemeh Talebi Kiasari, Mobin Naghshbandi, Maziar Emamikhah, Omid Moradi Moghaddam, Mohammad Niakan Lahiji, Mohammad Rohani, Narges Yazdi, Hamidreza Movahedi, Alireza Amanollahi, Pardis Irandoost, Roya Ghafoury","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12447","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>COVID-19 can lead to encephalopathy and loss of consciousness. This double-blinded randomized clinical trial conducted in Tehran, Iran, aimed to assess the potential effectiveness of modafinil in patients with COVID-19-related encephalopathy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nineteen non-intubated COVID-19 patients with encephalopathy were randomized into two groups: a treatment group receiving crushed modafinil tablets and a placebo group receiving starch powder. Modafinil was administered at a dose of 100 mg every 2 h, reaching a peak dosage of 400 mg. The level of consciousness was assessed using the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) at multiple time points on the day of medication administration. The trial was registered under IRCT20170903036041N3 on 23/5/2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age in the modafinil and placebo groups was 75.33 and 70 years, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of chronic conditions, clinical symptoms, or laboratory data. GCS scores were similar between the groups at baseline (p-value = 0.699). After four doses of modafinil, GCS scores were slightly higher in the treatment group, but this difference was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.581). GCS scores after each round of drug administration didn't significantly differ between the treatment and placebo groups (p-value = 0.908).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Modafinil exhibited a slight improvement in the level of consciousness among COVID-19 patients with encephalopathy, although this improvement did not reach statistical significance when compared to the control group. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer treatment durations is recommended to explore modafinil's potential benefits in managing altered consciousness in COVID-19 patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"490-501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11544445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A psychometric analysis of the Japanese version of the clinically useful depression outcome scale supplemented with questions for the DSM-5 anxious distress specifier (CUDOS-A).","authors":"Yumi Aoki, Yoshikazu Takaesu, Yasuyuki Matsumoto, Hitoshi Sakurai, Takashi Tsuboi, Isa Okajima, Hisateru Tachimori, Yoko Komada, Koichiro Watanabe, Mark Zimmerman","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12432","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the study was to identify the clinical significance of anxiety in those with depression, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition (DSM-5) defined criteria for an anxious distress specifier for major depressive disorder (MDD). The Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale (CUDOS) supplemented with questions for the DSM-5 anxious distress specifier (CUDOS-A) is a self-report instrument to assess the clinical significance of anxiety in addition to assess symptoms and the severity of depression. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the CUDOS-A.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational, prospective study was conducted with 131 MDD outpatients and 200 healthy controls. The Japanese version of the CUDOS-A, along with other measures, was administered to assess depressive symptoms, anxiety, social function, and biological rhythm. Reliability and validity analyses were performed, including internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and contrasted-groups validity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Japanese version of the CUDOS-A demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.78). Significant positive correlations were found between the CUDOS-A and measures of depression, anxiety, social function, and biological rhythm (all, p < 0.001), supporting its convergent validity. The CUDOS-A effectively differentiated between patients with MDD and healthy controls (p < 0.001), indicating good contrasted-groups validity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Japanese version of the CUDOS-A is a useful measure for research and for clinical practice, enabling the efficient assessment of anxious distress in individuals with depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"526-533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11544442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia successfully treated at home with a blonanserin transdermal patch: A case report.","authors":"Junji Yamaguchi, Ryoichi Sadahiro, Takatoshi Hirayama, Saho Wada, Rika Nakahara, Hiromichi Matsuoka","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12434","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Behavioral psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are sometimes difficult to treat due to severe psychiatric symptoms such as delusions of poisoning and violent behavior. Moreover, in cases of parental neglect, the management of these psychiatric symptoms becomes more difficult. Therefore, home-visiting doctors sometimes have to manage patients with BPSD and severe psychiatric symptoms, and a new approach is needed. In this case report, the effect of blonanserin transdermal patch on these patients is to be highlighted.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The patient is a 91-year-old woman diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. She had severe BPSD such as delusion of robbery and violent behavior, and refused oral medications including memantine and yokukansan. Then she was treated with blonanserin transdermal patch (20 mg/day). The severity of psychiatric symptoms of BPSD was assessed over time using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) score. Moreover, the patient's cognitive function was also assessed over time by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the introduction of blonanserin patch, the patient's psychiatric symptoms were stabilized markedly, and both NPI and MMSE scores improved. The patient was able to stay at home calmly and was mentally well stabilized to the extent that she did not require hospitalization. No apparent side effects were admitted.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The blonanserin transdermal patch may be able to manage BPSD at home and is effective in patients who refuse oral medications. Home-visiting doctors may consider the use of blonanserin patches at home for patients with severe BPSD, manifesting as delusions of poisoning and refusing oral drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"474-478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11144598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140336322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EEG and video documentation of benzodiazepine challenge in catatonic stupor: A case report.","authors":"Hidetaka Tamune, Yu Tsukioka, Shota Sakuma, Daiki Taira, Yoshie Takaoka, Naoto Tamura, Tadafumi Kato","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12427","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Catatonia, a psychomotor disorder characterized by diverse clinical signs, including stupor and mutism, remains elusive in its causes and a challenge to diagnose. Moreover, it is often underrecognized due to its resemblance to disorders of consciousness. However, when diagnosing catatonia, an antipsychotic medication may exacerbate the condition. The first-line treatment typically includes benzodiazepines and/or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 60-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and epilepsy presented with catatonic stupor. Despite stable treatment, she experienced an acute deterioration in consciousness, requiring hospitalization. Her condition improved markedly following a benzodiazepine challenge, as documented on EEG. This improvement was short-lived, but a second benzodiazepine challenge restored her from E1V1M1 (stupor) to E4V5M6 within minutes, as documented by a video recording. The patient was treated with lorazepam 1.5 mg/day orally and did not experience further relapses.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The diagnosis of catatonia had been based on her scores on the Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS; Screening, 6/14; Severity, 19), despite meeting only two DSM-5 criteria for catatonia (stupor and mutism). The diagnosis was supported by EEG and video documentation, excluding other potential differential diagnoses such as nonconvulsive status epilepticus and encephalopathy. Additional quantitative EEG analyses indicated that benzodiazepine administration increased brainwide alpha and beta band power significantly, suggesting that the benzodiazepine normalized attention, consciousness, and long-range synchronization. This report additionally emphasizes the significance of video recordings in managing catatonia, and it helps in accurately tracking symptoms, documenting comprehensively, and improving patient understanding, which is crucial for treatment adherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"468-473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11144595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research hotspots and frontiers of alcohol and epilepsy: A bibliometric analysis.","authors":"Wenhui Liu, Huan Li, Simei Lin","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12421","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Alcohol is implicated in epileptogenesis and seizures attack. An increasing number of studies about alcohol and epilepsy have been published. We aimed to assess research trends and hot spots in the field of alcohol and epilepsy.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Literature concerning alcohol and epilepsy was systemically searched through the Web of Science database. Collaborative maps were quantitatively analyzed by using the VOSviewer and CiteSpace tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1578 papers about the field of alcohol and epilepsy were taken into analysis, which was written by 6840 authors from 2153 institutions in 85 countries, published in 676 journals, and cited 79 667 references from 10 750 journals. The United States was the leading country and had close ties with others. The University of Toronto was the most productive institution. Alcoholism-clinical and experimental research was the fastest-growing journal. Richard J. Bodnar was the author contributing the most literature. Analysis of keywords showed epilepsy, alcohol, seizures, alcohol withdrawal, and management were common themes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presented study conducted the first bibliometric analysis of the field of alcohol and epilepsy, which will provide insights into the latest progress, evolution paths, frontier research hot spots, and future research trends in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"342-355"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11144618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139996962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effective perospirone augmentation with clonazepam for treatment-resistant burning mouth syndrome: A case report.","authors":"Motoko Watanabe, Chihiro Takao, Chizuko Maeda, Gayatri Nayanar, Risa Tominaga, Yasuyuki Kimura, Trang Thi Huyen Tu, Takahiko Nagamine, Akira Toyofuku","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12425","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by burning sensations in the oral region without corresponding abnormalities and is often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations. Herein, we present cases of BMS in which the remaining uncomfortable sensations improved with perospirone augmentation with clonazepam. Case 1: A 61-year-old man complained of a burning pain in his tongue, a sensation of dryness and discomfort as if his tongue was sticking to a palatal plate. With the diagnosis of BMS, psychopharmacotherapy was initiated with amitriptyline. At the dose of amitriptyline 50 mg, the pain lessened but uncomfortable sensations persisted. Further attempts to alleviate symptoms by combining aripiprazole with amitriptyline, aripiprazole with mirtazapine, or aripiprazole with clonazepam were limited; however, nearly all symptoms were relieved by a combination of perospirone 8.0 mg with clonazepam 1.5 mg. Case 2: A 51-year-old woman complained of a burning sensation along with oral dryness and crumb-like feeling on her tongue. She was diagnosed with BMS and began treatment with amitriptyline. Her burning sensation improved at the dose of 25 mg, but uncomfortable sensations persisted. Augmentation of amitriptyline with aripiprazole, aripiprazole either with valproate, mirtazapine, or clonazepam failed to produce a significant improvement. However, a regimen of perospirone 6.0 mg and clonazepam 1.5 mg relieved the crumb-like sensation and pain and culminated in a stabilized condition. The reported cases suggested that multiple approaches targeting the dopaminergic circuit in basal ganglia involving the serotoninergic and GABA systems, through the administration of perospirone with clonazepam is an effective adjunctive treatment for the remaining uncomfortable sensations in patients with BMS.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"464-467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11144597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140158648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment on interoceptive awareness on alcohol use and gambling disorders reveals dissociable interoceptive abilities linked to external and internal dependencies: Practical use of Body Perception Questionnaire Very Short Form (BPQ-VSF) in clinical settings.","authors":"Giselle London, Hiroko Hida, Ariyuki Kagaya, Shigeto Yamawaki, Maro G Machizawa","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12424","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interoception is one of the pivotal cognitive functions for mechanisms of our body awareness, and malfunction of the interoceptive network is thought to be associated with mental illness, including addiction. Within addictive disorders, substance-based and non-substance-based addictions are known to hold dissociable reward systems. However, little is known about how interoceptive awareness between these addiction sub-types would differ. Subjective interoceptive awareness was assessed among patients with alcohol use disorder (n = 50) who were subsequently hospitalized or remained out-patient and gambling addiction (n = 41) by the Body Awareness component of the Japanese version of the Body Perception Questionnaire (BPQ-VSFBA-J) and compared them against healthy control (n = 809). Both addiction groups showed significantly lower BPQ than the control, with no substantial differences between inpatients and outpatients for alcohol samples. Notably, BPQ scores for gambling patients were significantly lower than those for the alcohol group. This evidence may suggest a putative role of interoceptive ability on the severity of behavioral addiction over substance-based addiction.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"361-370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11144623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140102130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the early repolarization pattern and nocturnal suicide attempts.","authors":"Hiroshi Kameyama, Kenichi Sugimoto, Fumitoshi Kodaka, Kenji Okuno, Takahiro Masaki, Kazutaka Nukariya, Masahiro Shigeta","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12433","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Numerous recent reports have highlighted the association between mental disorders and electrocardiographic findings. The early repolarization pattern (ERP) on electrocardiogram has been linked with a history of suicide attempts and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and associations with impulsivity have also been reported. It is known that suicidal intent is more common at night. Patients who have a mental disorder and ERP may have a higher likelihood of impulsivity, potentially increasing the risk of suicide at night.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The subjects were 43 patients with a history of suicide attempts who had undergone electrocardiographic examination at Jikei University School of Medicine Kashiwa Hospital and received intervention from our department. Due to the diurnal variation in electrocardiographic findings, only patients who underwent the examination during the daytime were included. Patients' clinical backgrounds were compared according to the presence or absence of ERP, and the association between nocturnal suicide attempts and ERP was examined using multivariate analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The frequency of nocturnal suicidal behavior was 76.2% in patients with ERP and 31.8% in those without ERP, but the difference was not significant after Bonferroni correction. In the multivariate analysis, there was a significant association of ERP with nocturnal suicide attempts (p = 0.018).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The finding of an association between ERP and nocturnal suicide attempts indicates that ERP is a biological indicator that can predict nocturnal suicide attempts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"410-416"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11144600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140143879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Availability of individual proteins for quantitative analysis in postmortem brains preserved in two different brain banks.","authors":"Atsuko Nagaoka, Mizuki Hino, Ryuta Izumi, Risa Shishido, Miki Ishibashi, Masataka Hatano, Makoto Sainouchi, Akiyoshi Kakita, Hiroaki Tomita, Yasuto Kunii","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12430","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Postmortem brain research is necessary for elucidating the pathology of schizophrenia; an increasing number of studies require a combination of suitable tissue samples preserved at multiple brain banks. In this study, we examined whether a comparative study of protein expression levels can be conducted using postmortem brain samples preserved in different facilities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared the demographic factors of postmortem brain samples preserved in two institutions and measured and compared the expression levels of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the prefrontal cortex and superior temporal gyrus. GAPDH is generally used as a loading control for western blotting, and GFAP is considered as an astrocyte marker in the brain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found significant differences between the two institutions in postmortem interval, age at death, and preservation time. To reduce the effects of these differences on our measurements, the parameters were set as covariates in our analyses of covariance. Subsequently, no differences in GAPDH and GFAP expression were found between institutions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>When studies are conducted using brain samples preserved in different brain banks, differences in demographic factors should be carefully considered and taken into account by statistical methods to minimize their impact as much as possible. Since there was no significant difference in the protein expression levels of GAPDH and GFAP in either region between the two institutions that preserved the postmortem brains, we concluded that it is possible to perform protein quantitative analysis assuming that there is no effect of difference between two institutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"399-409"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11144605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140336321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}