Neuropsychopharmacology Reports最新文献

{"title":"Correlation between myelin basic protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid and motor speed in patients with schizophrenia.","authors":"Takako Enokida, Kotaro Hattori, Miho Ota, Megumi Tatsumi, Shinsuke Hidese, Noriko Sato, Mikio Hoshino, Hiroshi Kunugi","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12471","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alterations in the white matter have been implicated in schizophrenia. Myelin basic protein (MBP), a component of the myelin sheath, in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been suggested as a biomarker for white matter damage in demyelinating diseases. This prompted us to examine the CSF-MBP levels in patients with schizophrenia. We analyzed the CSF-MBP levels in 152 patients with schizophrenia and 117 age- and sex-matched controls. A significant positive correlation between age and CSF-MBP levels was observed both in the patients (p < 0.001) and controls (p = 0.014). No significant difference was observed in the CSF-MBP levels between the two groups. However, among a subsample of the patients (N = 32), a significantly negative correlation was observed between CSF-MBP and age-adjusted motor speed score of the brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia (ρ = -0.59, p < 0.001). Further, among patients who underwent diffusional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (N = 27), the CSF-MBP levels showed a significantly negative correlation with the mean kurtosis value in the right temporo-parietal region (p < 0.001). Our results suggest that the CSF-MBP level has limited utility as a diagnostic marker; however, higher CSF-MBP levels are associated with poorer motor speed, which may be associated with regional white matter damage in the brain in patients with schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"663-670"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11544460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the Japanese version of the Challenging Experience Questionnaire.","authors":"Hideaki Tani, Kengo Yonezawa, Keisuke Kusudo, Frederick S Barrett, Shinichiro Nakajima, Hiroyuki Uchida","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12456","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The therapeutic potential of psychedelics for various mental disorders has gained significant interest. Previous studies have highlighted that psychedelics induce psychoactive effects, including challenging aspects of experiences. These experiences are assessed using the Challenging Experience Questionnaire (CEQ), yet its Japanese version has been unavailable. This study aimed to create a Japanese version of the CEQ.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We followed the \"Principles of Good Practice for the Translation and Cultural Adaptation Process for Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO) Measures: Report of the ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation.\" Initially, two Japanese psychiatrists independently conducted the forward translations. These were then reconciled into a single version, which was back-translated into English. The original authors reviewed this back-translation for accuracy, leading to revisions through continuous dialogue until the original authors approved the final version.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final, approved back-translated version of the CEQ is presented in the figure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study developed a Japanese version of the CEQ, enabling the assessment of challenging experiences during psychedelic-assisted therapy for Japanese speakers. Further studies are needed to assess the reliability and validity of this newly translated version.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"534-539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11544436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141420074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of omega-3, DHA, EPA, Souvenaid® in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ernesto Calderon Martinez, Stephin Zachariah Saji, Jonathan Victor Salazar Ore, Omar A Borges-Sosa, Samyuktha Srinivas, Naga Sai Rasagna Mareddy, Tanseem Manzoor, Mariela Di Vanna, Yasemin Al Shanableh, Rishabh Taneja, Victor Sebastian Arruarana","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12455","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3-PUFA) are essential to normal neural development and function. Souvenaid®, a medical supplement that contains n-3-PUFA's: eicosatetraenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has emerged as an alternative, slowing cognitive decline in AD patients. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with n-3-PUFA, EPA, DHA, and Souvenaid® in AD patients.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to establish the relationship between n-3-PUFA, EPA, DHA, and Souvenaid® with cognitive effects, ventricular volume and adverse events in AD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of randomized control trials (RCT), cohorts, and case-control studies was done in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase for AD adult patients with dietary supplementation with n-3-PUFA, EPA, DHA, or Souvenaid® between 2003 and 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 14 studies with 2766 subjects aligned with our criteria. Most publications described positive cognitive outcomes from supplements (58%). The most common adverse events reported were gastrointestinal symptoms. CDR scale showed reduced progression of cognitive decline (SMD = -0.4127, 95% CI: [-0.5926; -0.2327]), without subgroup differences between different dietary supplement interventions. ADCS-ADL, MMSE, ADAS-cog, adverse events, and ventricular volume did not demonstrate significant differences. However, Souvenaid® showed a significant negative effect (SMD = -0.3593, 95% CI: -0.5834 to -0.1352) in ventricular volumes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CDR scale showed reduced progression of cognitive decline among patients with n-3-PUFA supplemental interventions, with no differences between different n-3-PUFA supplements.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"545-556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11544444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141458367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constipation-associated factors in outpatients with schizophrenia: A multicenter questionnaire survey.","authors":"Taro Tazaki, Hiroki Yamada, Ryotaro Sato, Hiroki Ishii, Shutaro Sugita, Haruka Yanagihara, Dan Nakamura, Osamu Takashio, Atsuko Inamoto, Akira Iwanami","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12464","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Constipation is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder that affects people globally, decreasing their quality of life and life expectancy. Individuals with schizophrenia often suffer from constipation, which could be a result of the illness itself or the side effects of psychotropic medications. However, little research has been conducted on factors contributing to constipation in individuals with schizophrenia. To address this issue, we conducted a survey using self-administered questionnaires and medical records to identify factors associated with constipation in psychiatric outpatients. This study included 399 patients with schizophrenia, resulting in a high prevalence of constipation (43.4%). The analysis suggested that female gender, the doses of antiparkinsonian medications, and benzodiazepine sleeping pills may be associated with constipation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"604-613"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11544439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of A118G (rs1799971) single-nucleotide polymorphism of the μ-opioid receptor OPRM1 gene on intraoperative remifentanil requirements in Japanese women undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery.","authors":"Ruying Zou, Daisuke Nishizawa, Rie Inoue, Junko Hasegawa, Yuko Ebata, Kyoko Nakayama, Atsuko Hara, Hiroyuki Sumikura, Mari Kitade, Masakazu Hayashida, Kazutaka Ikeda, Izumi Kawagoe","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12468","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Abundant data are available on the effect of the A118G (rs1799971) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the μ-opioid receptor OPRM1 gene on morphine and fentanyl requirements for pain control. However, data on the effect of this SNP on intraoperative remifentanil requirements remain limited. We investigated the effect of this SNP on intraoperative remifentanil requirements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated 333 Japanese women, aged 21-69 years, who underwent laparoscopic gynecological surgery for benign gynecological disease under total intravenous anesthesia at Juntendo University Hospital. Average infusion rates of propofol and remifentanil during anesthesia and the average bispectral index (BIS) during surgery were recorded. Associations among genotypes of the A118G and phenotypes were examined with the Mann-Whitney U test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average propofol infusion rate was not different between patients with different genotypes. The average remifentanil infusion rate was significantly higher in patients with the AG or GG genotype than the AA genotype (p = 0.028). The average intraoperative BIS was significantly higher in patients with the GG genotype than the AA or AG genotype (p = 0.039).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The G allele of the A118G SNP was associated with higher intraoperative remifentanil requirements and higher intraoperative BIS values but was not associated with propofol requirements. Given that remifentanil and propofol act synergistically on the BIS, these results suggest that the G allele of the A118G SNP is associated with lower effects of remifentanil in achieving adequate intraoperative analgesia and in potentiating the sedative effect of propofol on the BIS.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"650-657"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11544447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of prior depression diagnosis on bipolar disorder outcomes: A retrospective cohort study using a medical claims database.","authors":"Hitoshi Sakurai, Masayuki Nakashima, Takashi Tsuboi, Kenji Baba, Tadashi Nosaka, Koichiro Watanabe, Koji Kawakami","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12457","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bipolar disorder often emerges from depressive episodes and is initially diagnosed as depression. This study aimed to explore the effects of a prior depression diagnosis on outcomes in patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cohort study analyzed data of patients aged 18-64 years who received a new bipolar disorder diagnosis in Japan, using medical claims data from January 2005 to October 2020 provided by JMDC, Inc. The index month was defined as the time of the bipolar diagnosis. The study assessed the incidence of psychiatric hospitalization, all-cause hospitalization, and mortality, stratified by the presence of a preceding depression diagnosis and its duration (≥1 or <1 year). Hazard ratios (HRs) and p-values were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for potential confounders, and supported by log-rank tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 5595 patients analyzed, 2460 had a history of depression, with 1049 experiencing it for over a year and 1411 for less than a year. HRs for psychiatric hospitalization, all hospitalizations, and death in patients with a history of depression versus those without were 0.92 (95% CI = 0.78-1.08, p = 0.30), 0.87 (95% CI = 0.78-0.98, p = 0.017), and 0.61 (95% CI = 0.33-1.12, p = 0.11), respectively. In patients with preceding depression ≥1 year versus <1 year, HRs were 0.89 (95% CI = 0.67-1.19, p = 0.43) for psychiatric hospitalization, 0.85 (95% CI = 0.71-1.00, p = 0.052) for all hospitalizations, and 0.25 (95% CI = 0.07-0.89, p = 0.03) for death.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A prior history and duration of depression may not elevate psychiatric hospitalization risk after bipolar disorder diagnosis and might even correlate with reduced hospitalization and mortality rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"591-598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11544458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis including in-game spending and violent game playing in patients with internet gaming disorder.","authors":"Haruka Minami, Toshiyuki Shirai, Shohei Okada, Masao Miyachi, Takaki Tanifuji, Satoshi Okazaki, Tadasu Horai, Kentaro Mouri, Ikuo Otsuka, Akitoyo Hishimoto","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12470","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is receiving increasing attention. In particular, violent gameplay or in-game spending affects the psychiatric conditions and economic difficulties of patients. We conducted regression analysis and path analysis to investigate the associations between a comprehensive list of factors in patients with IGD, including the degree of internet or gaming dependence, developmental problems, family background, severity of depression, sleeping habits, in-game spending, and first-person shooter (FPS) and third-person shooter (TPS) game playing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The participants were 47 Japanese individuals (39 males and 8 females) aged ≤20 years diagnosed with IGD with complete data from the internet addiction test, autism spectrum quotient, Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. All participants were asked whether their parents have divorce history, whether they have siblings, whether they play FPS or TPS games, and whether they engage in in-game spending. Firstly, we compared these factors between males and females; secondly, we conducted regression analysis and path analysis in male patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As for simple comparison between sex, female patients showed greater severity of IGD and depressive score. In regression analysis of male patients, significant associations were found between FPS or TPS game playing and in-game spending. We also created path diagrams.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of the comprehensive analyses suggest the possibility that bidirectional synergistic effects could be achieved by gradually reducing both violent game playing and in-game spending. The concept of internet dependence has a wide range of meanings, and for each subtype, it is important to consider the background that led to the dependence to make individualized environmental adjustments and provide psychotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"631-638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11544446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photopharmacological modulation of hippocampal local field potential by caged-glutamate with MicroLED probe.","authors":"Shogo Okada, Noriaki Ohkawa, Kazuki Moriya, Yoshito Saitoh, Mikiko Ishikawa, Kakeru Oya, Atsushi Nishikawa, Hiroto Sekiguchi","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12472","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Photopharmacology is a new technique for modulating biological phenomena through the photoconversion of substances in a specific target region at precise times. Caged compounds are thought to be compatible with photopharmacology as uncaged ligands are released and function in a light irradiation-dependent manner. Here, we investigated whether a microscale light-emitting diode (MicroLED) probe is applicable for the photoconversion of caged-glutamate (caged-Glu) in vivo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A needle-shaped MicroLED probe was fabricated and inserted into the mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) with a cannula for drug injection and a recording electrode for measuring the local field potential (LFP). Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) or caged-Glu was infused into the DG and illuminated with light from a MicroLED probe.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the caged-Glu-injected DG, the LFP changed in the 10-20 Hz frequency ranges after light illumination, whereas there was no change in the ACSF control condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The MicroLED probe is applicable for photopharmacological experiments to modulate LFP with caged-Glu in vivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"658-662"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11544434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141913404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cluster analysis of patients with alcohol use disorder featuring alexithymia, depression, and diverse drinking behavior.","authors":"Kazuhiro Kurihara, Hiroyuki Enoki, Hotaka Shinzato, Yoshikazu Takaesu, Tsuyoshi Kondo","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12449","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to identify subgroups of alcohol use disorder (AUD) based on a multidimensional combination of alexithymia, depression, and diverse drinking behavior.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We recruited 176 patients with AUD, which were initially divided into non-alexithymic (n = 130) and alexithymic (n = 46) groups using a cutoff score of 61 on the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Subsequently, the profiles of the two groups were compared. Thereafter, a two-stage cluster analysis using hierarchical and K-means methods was performed with the Z-scores from the TAS-20, the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report Japanese Version, the 12-item questionnaire for quantitative assessment of depressive mixed state, and the 20-item questionnaire for drinking behavior pattern.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the first analysis, Alexithymic patients with AUD showed greater depressive symptoms and more pathological drinking behavior patterns than those without alexithymia. Cluster analysis featuring alexithymia, depression, and drinking behavior identified three subtypes: Cluster 1 (core AUD type) manifesting pathological drinking behavior highlighting automaticity; Cluster 2 (late-onset type) showing relatively late-onset alcohol use and fewer depressive symptoms or pathological drinking behavior; and Cluster 3 (alexithymic type) characterized by alexithymia, depression, and pathological drinking behavior featuring greater coping with negative affect.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The multidimensional model with alexithymia, depression, and diverse drinking behavior provided possible practical classification of AUD. The alexithymic subtype may require more caution, and additional support for negative affect may be necessary due to accompanying mood problems and various maladaptive drinking behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"512-520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11544455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141075547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychiatric manifestations due to anticholinergic agents and anabolic steroids ingestion: A case series and literature review.","authors":"Homa Talabaki, Mahkameh Soltani, Ali Abbasi, Vahid Sharifi, Narges Salehi, Zakaria Zakariaei","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12460","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anticholinergic toxicity is a common occurrence in the emergency room, making it crucial for emergency clinicians to have a good understanding of this toxidrome. The neuropsychiatric effects of anticholinergic agents and anabolic steroids (ASs) can manifest as symptoms like anxiety, agitation, dysarthria, confusion, seizures, visual hallucinations, bizarre behavior, delirium, psychosis, and coma. When dealing with a conscious patient who has ingested an anticholinergic substance, a detailed history of ingestion can aid clinicians in making an accurate diagnosis. However, the lack of information about the substances consumed can complicate diagnosis. In cases where the exposure is unknown, clinicians should consider anticholinergic poisoning in patients showing signs of altered mental status and physical examination findings consistent with anticholinergic toxicity. We report four cases presenting a range of symptoms, including neuropsychiatric manifestations, following the ingestion of the same bodybuilding powders with anticholinergic properties. All four patients consumed yellow and white powders at the same time and in the same place. Laboratory analysis revealed that yellow powder and white powder contained ASs and cyproheptadine, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"540-544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11544456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141420075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}