Neuropsychopharmacology Reports最新文献

{"title":"Clinical effectiveness of paliperidone palmitate 3-monthly and 1-monthly as monotherapy in patients with schizophrenia: A retrospective cohort study based on the Medicaid claims database.","authors":"Chih-Lin Chiang, Madoka Chinen, Mehmet Daskiran, Akihide Wakamatsu, Ibrahim Turkoz","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12473","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Real-world data (RWD) for paliperidone palmitate (PP) three-monthly (PP3M) is lacking based on Japan label requirements. This study evaluated the clinical effectiveness of PP3M versus PP once-monthly (PP1M) in patients with schizophrenia administered according to Japan label requirements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective analyses were conducted using RWD from Merative™ MarketScan® Multi-State Medicaid (MDCD) claims database (June 2015-December 2022). Adult patients with schizophrenia switching from PP1M to PP3M were included. Patients transitioning to PP3M were matched with patients who continued with PP1M using propensity score matching (PSM) at 1:1 ratio. Primary hypothesis aimed to investigate non-inferiority of PP3M versus PP1M in terms of relapse-free status at 24 months from index PP injection. Outcome measures were proportions of relapse-free patients at 24 months, time to relapse, treatment persistence, and adherence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total 4252 eligible adult schizophrenia patients on PP (PP3M:582; PP1M:3670) were identified. After PSM, each PP cohort comprised 562 matched individuals. Estimated proportion of relapse-free patients was higher in PP3M (85.7%) versus PP1M (77.9%), per Japan PP label. PP3M demonstrated superiority to PP1M after testing for non-inferiority in terms of achieving relapse-free status at 24 months, with an estimated difference of 7.8% (95% CI: 1.7%-13.9%). PP3M cohort had lower risk of relapse (HR: 0.605; CI: 0.427-0.856), longer treatment persistence, and higher treatment adherence versus PP1M cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggests that patients who switched to PP3M might be able to reduce risk of relapse compared to those who continued PP1M after aligning particularly with Japan's label requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"716-727"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11609742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clozapine treatment of a Japanese patient during pregnancy: Effect on fetal heart rate.","authors":"Shunya Aoki, Katsutoshi Takada, Tatsuru Sugama, Mitsugi Kimiwada, Tatsuya Hoshino, Takaoki Kaneko, Shintaro Obata, Yasuhiro Ota, Satoshi Toishi, Kaori Koike, Hirokazu Akada, Takahisa Saiga, Shigeki Sato","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12486","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current literature on the effects of clozapine on pregnancy is limited, and no cases of pregnant Japanese women have been reported. Decreased variability in the fetal heart rate due to clozapine exposure has been reported in countries other than Japan, but its association with serum concentrations of clozapine has not been documented. In this case, a 29-year-old Japanese primipara with treatment-resistant schizophrenia taking clozapine 250 mg/day experienced pregnancy. The pregnancy progressed without complications. At 40 weeks and 2 days of gestation, the patient developed premature rupture of membranes, and decreased variability in the fetal heart rate and variable deceleration were observed, leading to an emergency cesarean section. The neonate had no congenital malformations, metabolic disorders, seizures, floppy infant syndrome, leukopenia, or neutropenia. Serum concentrations of clozapine and norclozapine (N-desmethylclozapine), measured in the mother and in the neonate immediately after birth, suggested that clozapine and norclozapine were transported to the fetus during pregnancy. Based on these observations, the present case suggests that high fetal serum concentrations of clozapine and norclozapine may affect fetal heart rate. This case report concludes that, with careful monitoring, Japanese women taking clozapine can deliver successfully and emphasizes the importance of monitoring serum clozapine concentrations and fetal cardiac function throughout pregnancy, with particular attention to the later stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"852-856"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11609758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of risk factors associated with the development of depressive symptoms in healthy subjects exposed to long-term stress: A prospective study of the Japanese Antarctic research expedition wintering party.","authors":"Takashi Fukunishi, Miki Ono, Kazuhiko Kasuya, Takashi Ishikawa, Mina Honyashiki, Jiro Masuya, Takeshi Inoue","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12479","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stressors induce depression together with parenting experienced in childhood, personality traits, and sleep. In this study, we investigated factors associated with the development of depression in a long-term stressful environment, namely, the Antarctic Research Expedition wintering party, by comparing 2 groups, the depression and nondepression groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A self-administered questionnaire was used to survey 91 members of the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition who spent winters in the Antarctic base. Psychological evaluations of depression, anxiety, and sleep were performed using a questionnaire every 3 months during the participants' stay in Antarctica. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of minor or major depression, as evaluated by the PHQ-9 score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with a PHQ-9 score of 5 or more during their stay in Antarctica were defined as the depression group (25 subjects), and participants with a PHQ score of 4 or less were defined as the nondepression group (43 subjects). Compared with the nondepression group, the depression group had significantly higher scores for predeparture PHQ-9, state and trait anxiety, sleep disturbance, and neuroticism. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that higher predeparture scores of subthreshold depressive symptoms and neuroticism were found to be significant predictors of the occurrence of depression during their stay in Antarctica.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study prospectively showed that subthreshold depressive symptoms and neuroticism, which were suggested as risk factors in previous studies, were confirmed to be risk factors for depression. The results of our study are expected to contribute to the understanding of depression in harsh environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"821-828"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11609754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for the treatment of PTSD: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).","authors":"Ghada Shahrour, Kainat Sohail, Safa Elrais, Muhammad Hamza Khan, Javeria Javeid, Khubaib Samdani, Hajra Mansoor, Syed Izhar Hussain, Dhruvikumari Sharma, Muhammad Ehsan, Abdulqadir J Nashwan","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12485","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health disorder resulting from exposure to traumatic events, manifesting in various debilitating symptoms. Despite available treatments, many individuals experience inadequate response or significant side effects. Previous reviews suggest promising outcomes with MDMA-assisted psychotherapy (MDMA-AT), but limitations prompt the need for a comprehensive evaluation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched various online databases and registries such as MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov to retrieve RCTs that fit our inclusion criteria. We performed meta-analyses using Review Manager by applying a random-effects model. Dichotomous and continuous outcomes were pooled as risk ratios (RR) and standard mean difference (SMD), respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine studies with a total of 297 participants with PTSD were included in our meta-analysis. The control group consisted of inactive doses of MDMA (25-40 mg) or placebo. Our meta-analysis showed that MDMA-AT led to a significant reduction in the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) severity scores as compared to the control group (SMD -1.10, 95% CI: -1.62 to -0.59). More patients in the MDMA-AT group exhibited significant response (RR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.22, 2.08) and remission (RR 2.32, 95% CI: 1.47 to 3.66) as compared to patients in the control group. There was no significant difference regarding the incidence of ≥1 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE), ≥1 severe TEAE, and suicidal ideation between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MDMA-AT demonstrates significant efficacy in improving PTSD symptoms, enhancing both response and remission rates in individuals with chronic, treatment-resistant PTSD, while maintaining a favorable safety profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"672-681"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11609750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological aging analysis based on DNA methylation status for social anxiety disorder.","authors":"Nobuhiko Noguchi, Toshiyuki Shirai, Akira Suda, Saki Hattori, Masatoshi Miyauchi, Satoshi Okazaki, Junichi Fujita, Takeshi Asami, Ikuo Otsuka, Akitoyo Hishimoto","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12487","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common disorder characterized by excessive fear of scrutiny and embarrassment, leading to severe distress and avoidance behaviors or dysfunctions. SAD and other relevant diseases have been reported to be associated with a higher risk of aging-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and diabetes mellitus. Recently, epigenetic clock analysis, which measures biological aging based on comprehensive DNA methylation (DNAm) status, has been widely conducted. We conducted epigenetic clock analyses in patients with SAD and controls, examining various epigenetic age acceleration and DNAm-based predictive values of aging-related proteins (GrimAge components and GrimAge2 components), including leptin level.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the publicly available DNAm dataset, GSE164056, which consists of 66 patients with SAD and 77 controls of Caucasian descent aged between 18 and 50 years. We conducted regression analyses investigating the association between SAD and various indices of epigenetic aging, using age and sex as covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>None of the epigenetic clocks showed significant differences in age acceleration. Of the DNAm-based predictive values of aging-related proteins, leptin level in GrimAge components (q = 0.0123) and GrimAge2 components (q = 0.0123) were significantly lower in patients with SAD than in controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this study suggested that leptin may be involved in SAD pathogenesis as an aging-related protein. Therefore, further studies with different designs are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"774-783"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11609738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142470901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the efficacy and tolerability of two-injection start regimen of long-acting aripiprazole: A descriptive case series analysis.","authors":"Ibrahim Sungur, Kaan Keskin, Elif Özge Aktaş, Mehmet Çağdaş Eker","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12489","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bipolar disorder is the fourth most debilitating psychiatric illness in the world regarding Disability Adjusted Life Years and manic episodes frequently lead to lengthy hospitalizations which restricts the freedom of patients. Therefore, decreasing the length of hospitalization with safer agents is of utmost importance in the treatment of manic episodes. Aripiprazole is a medication known for its efficacy in managing mania associated with bipolar disorder. Aripiprazole long-acting injection is approved for the treatment of mania associated with bipolar disorder in adults and found efficacious as a maintenance treatment. In the treatment of schizophrenia, European Medicines Agency has approved a simplified starting strategy of aripiprazole once a month, with two 400 mg injections and a single oral 20 mg dose of aripiprazole. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has reported the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of this regimen in adult bipolar disorder patients. We present a case series of eight patients who were admitted to the hospital in a manic episode with psychotic features. We observed that the double injection start regimen was effective in treating manic symptoms with no specific severe adverse events. We conclude from a small sample of manic patients that a double injection start regimen has good efficacy and tolerability.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"857-862"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11609730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142470902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 regulates the magnitude and frequency of dopamine release by repetitive neuronal stimuli in the striatum of L-dopa-treated mice.","authors":"Daisuke Hatta, Shiho Makiya, Kaito Kanamoto, Kaori Watanabe, Yuki Fuchigami, Shigeru Kawakami, Akira Kinoshita, Koh-Ichiro Yoshiura, Naohiro Kurotaki, Keiro Shirotani, Nobuhisa Iwata","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12478","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mutations in proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 (PRRT2) cause paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD). Recently, we reported that a Prrt2 mutation exacerbated L-dopa-induced motor deficits in mice, suggesting that the basal ganglia might contribute to PKD pathology. Here, we demonstrated that the Prrt2 mutation enhanced depolarization stimuli-induced extracellular dopamine levels in the mouse striatum, which were attenuated by repeated stimulation. L-dopa administration maintained high dopamine levels in Prrt2-KI mice even during repetitive stimuli but did not affect dopamine levels in wild-type mice. Thus, the enhanced and prolonged responsiveness of dopamine release in nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons to sequential excitation may be partially implicated in Prrt2-related dyskinesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"829-834"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11609736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142086188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amyloban, extracted from Hericium erinaceus, ameliorates social deficits and suppresses the enhanced dopaminergic system in social defeat stress mice.","authors":"Tianran Wang, Kazuya Toriumi, Kazuhiro Suzuki, Mitsuhiro Miyashita, Azuna Ozawa, Mayuko Masada, Masanari Itokawa, Makoto Arai","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12480","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social dysfunctions are common in various psychiatric disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, and autism, and are long-lasting and difficult to treat. The development of treatments for social impairment is critical for the treatment of several psychiatric disorders. \"Amyloban 3399,\" a product extracted from the mushroom Hericium erinaceus, markedly improves social dysfunctions in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia and depression. However, the molecular mechanism(s) through which amyloban ameliorates social impairment remains unclear. To clarify this mechanism, in this study, we aimed to establish a mouse model of social defeat stress (SDS) and investigate the effects of amyloban on social deficits. Amyloban administration ameliorated social deficits and the dopamine system activity in SDS mice. These findings suggest that there is a possibility that amyloban may improve social deficits by suppressing the hyperactivation of the dopaminergic system. Amyloban may be an effective treatment for social dysfunctions associated with various psychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"728-736"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11609735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between treatment response and dose of blonanserin transdermal patch in patients with acute schizophrenia: A post hoc cluster analysis based on baseline psychiatric symptoms.","authors":"Yoshiteru Takekita, Yuji Matsumoto, Takahiro Masuda, Kazumasa Yoshida, Yosuke Koshikawa, Masaki Kato","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12490","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore the optimal dose of blonanserin transdermal patch (BNS-P) based on baseline psychiatric symptomatic characteristics during acute schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A post hoc cluster analysis was conducted using data from a 6-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of BNS-P (40 or 80 mg/day) in acute schizophrenia. We classified patients into three clusters based on baseline psychiatric symptoms. Efficacy was assessed using the change from baseline to week 6 in the PANSS total score. Safety was assessed by the incidence of adverse events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 577 patients, three clusters were identified, characterized by severe psychiatric (Cluster-S; n = 122), predominant negative (Cluster-N; n = 191), and predominant positive (Cluster-P; n = 264) symptoms. In Cluster-P, both BNS-P 40 and 80 mg/day reduced PANSS total score significantly more than placebo (p = 0.036, effect size = 0.342; p < 0.001, effect size = 0.687, respectively). In Cluster-S and -N, only BNS-P 80 mg/day reduced PANSS total score significantly more than placebo (p = 0.045, effect size = 0.497; p = 0.034, effect size = 0.393, respectively). The effect size was greater at 80 mg/day than at 40 mg/day across all clusters. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were akathisia and skin-related adverse events in all clusters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BNS-P exhibited a dose-dependent antipsychotic effect in all clusters, particularly highlighting its efficacy in patients with predominant positive symptoms, even at lower doses. These findings provide novel and valuable insights for determining BNS-P dose tailoring to individual symptomatic characteristics in real-world practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"784-791"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11609747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142470900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between overweight and central interleukin-6 in a nonclinical adult population.","authors":"Takako Enokida, Kotaro Hattori, Chiori Maeda, Takahiro Tomizawa, Hiroshi Kunugi","doi":"10.1002/npr2.12488","DOIUrl":"10.1002/npr2.12488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Overweight is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation. However, its effect on neuroinflammation remains unclear. We examined the possible association between overweight and neuroinflammation using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a nonclinical adult population in Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CSF and plasma levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), and leptin were measured in nonclinical adult participants (35 males and 34 females) who had no current or past history of neuropsychiatric diseases. We performed partial correlation analyses with sex and age as covariates between the body mass index (BMI) and the inflammatory markers and compared them between overweight and nonoverweight participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The BMI significantly correlated with CSF levels of IL-6 (rs = 0.32, p = 0.009), plasma levels of CRP (rs = 0.30, p = 0.016), IL-1β (rs = 0.29, p = 0.019), IL-6 (rs = 0.25, p = 0.042), TNF-α (rs = 0.43, p < 0.001), and leptin (rs = 0.72, p < 0.001). Overweight participants (BMI ≧ 25) had significantly higher CSF levels of IL-6 (p < 0.001), plasma levels of IL-1β (p = 0.023), TNF-α (p < 0.001), and leptin (p < 0.001) than the nonoverweight participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overweight is associated with central IL-6, a marker for neuroinflammation, as well as systemic inflammation markers, even in a nonclinical population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19137,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"835-841"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11609746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142470899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}