Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology最新文献

{"title":"From physiological awakening to pathological sleep inertia: Neurophysiological and behavioural characteristics of the sleep-to-wake transition✰","authors":"Perrine Ruby ,&nbsp;Elisa Evangelista ,&nbsp;Hélène Bastuji ,&nbsp;Laure Peter-Derex","doi":"10.1016/j.neucli.2023.102934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2023.102934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sleep inertia refers to the transient physiological state of hypoarousal upon awakening, associated with various degrees of impaired neurobehavioral performance, confusion, a desire to return to sleep and often a negative emotional state. Scalp and intracranial electro-encephalography as well as functional imaging studies have provided evidence that the sleep inertia phenomenon is underpinned by an heterogenous cerebral state mixing local sleep and local wake patterns of activity, at the neuronal and network levels. Sleep inertia is modulated by homeostasis and circadian processes, sleep stage upon awakening, and individual factors; this translates into a huge variability in its intensity even under physiological conditions. In sleep disorders, especially in hypersomnolence disorders such as idiopathic hypersomnia, sleep inertia may be a daily, serious and long-lasting symptom leading to severe impairment. To date, few tools have been developed to assess sleep inertia in clinical practice. They include mainly questionnaires and behavioral tests such as the psychomotor vigilance task. Only one neurophysiological protocol has been evaluated in hypersomnia, the forced awakening test which is based on an event-related potentials paradigm upon awakening. This contrasts with the major functional consequences of sleep inertia and its potentially dangerous consequences in subjects required to perform safety-critical tasks soon after awakening. There is a great need to identify reproducible biomarkers correlated with sleep inertia-associated cognitive and behavioral impairment. These biomarkers will aim at better understanding and measuring sleep inertia in physiological and pathological conditions, as well as objectively evaluating wake-promoting treatments or non-pharmacological countermeasures to reduce this phenomenon.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19134,"journal":{"name":"Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"54 2","pages":"Article 102934"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139935294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long sleep time and excessive need for sleep: State of the art and perspectives","authors":"Elisa Evangelista ,&nbsp;Smaranda Leu-Semenescu ,&nbsp;Fabio Pizza ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Plazzi ,&nbsp;Yves Dauvilliers ,&nbsp;Lucie Barateau ,&nbsp;Isabelle Lambert","doi":"10.1016/j.neucli.2024.102949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neucli.2024.102949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mechanisms underlying the individual need for sleep are unclear. Sleep duration is indeed influenced by multiple factors, such as genetic background, circadian and homeostatic processes, environmental factors, and sometimes transient disturbances such as infections. In some cases, the need for sleep dramatically and chronically increases, inducing a daily-life disability. This “excessive need for sleep” (ENS) was recently proposed and defined in a European Position Paper as a dimension of the hypersomnolence spectrum, “hypersomnia” being the objectified complaint of ENS. The most severe form of ENS has been described in Idiopathic Hypersomnia, a rare neurological disorder, but this disabling symptom can be also found in other hypersomnolence conditions. Because ENS has been defined recently, it remains a symptom poorly investigated and understood. However, protocols of long-term polysomnography recordings have been reported by expert centers in the last decades and open the way to a better understanding of ENS through a neurophysiological approach. In this narrative review, we will 1) present data related to the physiological and pathological variability of sleep duration and their mechanisms, 2) describe the published long-term polysomnography recording protocols, and 3) describe current neurophysiological tools to study sleep microstructure and discuss perspectives for a better understanding of ENS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19134,"journal":{"name":"Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"54 2","pages":"Article 102949"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139932213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetrical/unilateral ocular artifacts on EEG","authors":"Philippe Gélisse ,&nbsp;Arielle Crespel","doi":"10.1016/j.neucli.2023.102942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2023.102942","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19134,"journal":{"name":"Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"54 1","pages":"Article 102942"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139915192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"It is time to personalize rTMS targeting for the treatment of pain","authors":"Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur","doi":"10.1016/j.neucli.2024.102950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2024.102950","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19134,"journal":{"name":"Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"54 1","pages":"Article 102950"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139914531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-interval afferent inhibition measurement using two different methods: Normative values, repeatability and reliability","authors":"Hürrem Evren Boran ,&nbsp;Halil Can Alaydın ,&nbsp;Hasan Kılınç ,&nbsp;Hatice Tankişi ,&nbsp;Ginte Samusyte ,&nbsp;James Howells ,&nbsp;Martin Koltzenburg ,&nbsp;Bülent Cengiz","doi":"10.1016/j.neucli.2023.102940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2023.102940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The mechanism of Short-Latency Afferent Inhibition (SAI) is relatively well understood. In contrast, Long-Latency Afferent Inhibition (LAI) has not been as extensively studied as SAI, and its underlying mechanism remains unclear.</p></div><div><h3>Objective/Hypothesis</h3><p>This study had two primary objectives: first, to determine the optimal ISIs for LAI measured by amplitude changes (A-LAI) using high-resolution ISI ranges; and second, to compare measurements of LAI by threshold-tracking (T-LAI).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty-eight healthy volunteers (12 males aged 24- 45 years) participated in the study. Paired peripheral electrical and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) stimuli (TS1mv) were applied at varying (ISIs)- 100, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000 ms.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Both A-LAI and T-LAI showed that LAI decreased progressively from a peak at 200 or 250 ms to 1000 ms. Using the A-LAI method, pronounced inhibition was observed at three specific ISIs: 100 ms, 250 ms and 450 ms. When A-LAI values were converted to equivalent threshold changes, they did not differ significantly from T-LAI. Reliability at distinguishing individuals, as indicated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was greater for A-LAI, with a peak value of 0.82 at 250 ms.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion(s)</h3><p>The study demonstrates that ISIs of 100 ms and 250 ms can be reliably used in amplitude measurement LAI. The study demonstrates that both LAI measurements record a similar decline of inhibition with increasing ISI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19134,"journal":{"name":"Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"54 1","pages":"Article 102940"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139915210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher cortical excitability to negative emotions involved in musculoskeletal pain in Parkinson's disease","authors":"Ming Liu ,&nbsp;Hanying Gu ,&nbsp;Jingzhe Hu ,&nbsp;Manhua Liu ,&nbsp;Yajun Luo ,&nbsp;Yuan Yuan ,&nbsp;Jiayu Wu ,&nbsp;Yan Zhou ,&nbsp;Ru Juan ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Cheng ,&nbsp;Sheng Zhuang ,&nbsp;Yun Shen ,&nbsp;Hong Jin ,&nbsp;Jing Chen ,&nbsp;Kai Li ,&nbsp;Fen Wang ,&nbsp;Chunfeng Liu ,&nbsp;Chengjie Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.neucli.2023.102936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2023.102936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Changes in brain structure and neurotransmitter systems are involved in pain in Parkinson's disease (PD), and emotional factors are closely related to pain. Our study applied electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the role of emotion in PD patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Forty-two PD patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and 38 without were enrolled. EEG data were recorded under resting conditions, and while viewing pictures with neutral, positive, and negative content. We compared spectrum power, functional connectivity, and late positive potential (LPP), an event-related potential (ERP), between the groups.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>PD patients with pain tended to have higher scores for the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD). In the resting EEG, mean β-band amplitude was significantly higher in patients with pain than in those without. Logistic regression analysis showed that higher HRSD scores and higher mean β-band amplitude were associated with pain. ERP analysis revealed that the amplitudes of LPP difference waves (the absolute difference between positive and negative condition LPP and neutral condition LPP) at the central–parietal region were significantly reduced in patients with pain (<em>P</em> = 0.029). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the amplitudes of late (700–1000 ms) negative versus neutral condition LPP difference waves were negatively correlated with pain intensity, assessed by visual analogue scale, (<em>r</em> = −0.393, <em>P</em> = 0.010) and HRSD scores (<em>r</em> = −0.366, <em>P</em> = 0.017).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic systems may be involved in musculoskeletal pain in PD by increasing β-band activity and weakening the connection of the θ-band at the central–parietal region. PD patients with musculoskeletal pain have higher cortical excitability to negative emotions. The changes in pain-related EEG may be used as electrophysiological markers and therapeutic targets in PD patients with chronic pain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19134,"journal":{"name":"Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"54 1","pages":"Article 102936"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139914930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensory symptoms relieved by navigated rTMS, targeted using lesion network mapping based on human brain connectome, in a patient after thalamic stroke","authors":"Mengdan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Xie ,&nbsp;Yuqian Zhan ,&nbsp;Yu Jiang ,&nbsp;Tongjian Bai ,&nbsp;Long Zhang ,&nbsp;Kai Wang ,&nbsp;Gong-Jun Ji ,&nbsp;Yanghua Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.neucli.2024.102953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2024.102953","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19134,"journal":{"name":"Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"54 1","pages":"Article 102953"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139915211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct patterns of metabolic motor cortex activity for phantom and residual limb pain in people with amputations: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study","authors":"Marcel Simis ,&nbsp;Lucas Murrins Marques ,&nbsp;Sara Pinto Barbosa ,&nbsp;André Tadeu Sugawara ,&nbsp;João Ricardo Sato ,&nbsp;Kevin Pacheco-Barrios ,&nbsp;Linamara Rizzo Battistella ,&nbsp;Felipe Fregni","doi":"10.1016/j.neucli.2023.102939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2023.102939","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Phantom pain limb (PLP) has gained more attention due to the large number of people with amputations around the world and growing knowledge of the pain process, although its mechanisms are not completely understood.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The aim of this study was to understand, in patients with amputations, the association between PLP and residual limb pain (RLP), and the brain metabolic response in cortical motor circuits, using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sixty participants were recruited from the rehabilitation program in São Paulo, Brazil. Included patients were aged over 18 years, with traumatic unilateral lower-limb amputation, with PLP for at least 3 months after full recovery from amputation surgery. PLP and RLP levels were measured using visual analogue scales. fNIRS was performed during motor execution and motor mirror tasks for 20 s. In order to highlight possible variables related to variation in pain measures, univariate linear regression analyses were performed for both experimental conditions, resulting in four fNIRS variables (two hemispheres x two experimental conditions). Later, in order to test the topographic specificity of the models, eight multivariate regression analyses were performed (two pain scales x two experimental conditions x two hemispheres), including the primary motor cortex (PMC) related channel as an independent variable as well as five other channels related to the premotor area, supplementary area, and somatosensory cortex. All models were controlled for age, sex, ethnicity, and education.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;We found that: i) there is an asymmetric metabolic activation during motor execution and mirror task between hemispheres (with a predominance that is ipsilateral to the amputated limb), ii) increased metabolic response in the PMC ipsilateral to the amputation is associated with increased PLP (during both experimental tasks), while increased metabolic response in the contralateral PMC is associated with increased RLP (during the mirror motor task only); ii) increased metabolic activity of the ipsilateral premotor region is associated with increased PLP during the motor mirror task; iii) RLP was only associated with higher metabolic activity in the contralateral PMC and lower metabolic activity in the ipsilateral inferior frontal region during motor mirror task, but PLP was associated with higher metabolic activity during both tasks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;These results suggest there is both task and region specificity for the association between the brain metabolic response and the two different types of post-amputation pain. The metabolic predominance that is ipsilateral to the amputated limb during both tasks was associated with higher levels of PLP, suggesting a cortical motor network activity imbalance due to potential interhemispheric compensatory mechanisms. The present work contrib","PeriodicalId":19134,"journal":{"name":"Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"54 1","pages":"Article 102939"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139914931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of textured surfaces on the orthostatic balance of patients with multiple sclerosis","authors":"Nathalie Bonardet ,&nbsp;Benjamin Bardel ,&nbsp;Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur ,&nbsp;Marc Sorel ,&nbsp;Alain Créange","doi":"10.1016/j.neucli.2023.102941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2023.102941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To perform posturographic measurements with eyes open or closed using floor coverings with different textured surfaces to study postural control in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Static posturographic recordings were performed with eyes open and eyes closed on a forceplate with no covering (control condition) or covered by a textured mat with small pimples (height 2 mm) or large pimples (height 7 mm). Several posturographic variables were measured, focusing on displacements of the center of pressure (CoP) including the average velocity (V_av), the total length (L) of all displacements, and the surface (S) of the confidence ellipse. The recordings made with the textured mats were compared to the control condition with eyes open or closed. Then, the differences between the recordings made with large vs. small pimples on the one hand, and with eyes closed vs. open were calculated to assess the impact of pimple height or eye closure on posturographic measurements. Clinical assessment was based on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and its functional system (FS) subscores, the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), the Unipodal Stance test (UST), and the Timed Up-and-Go test (TUG).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Forty-six MS patients (mean EDSS score: 3.6) completed the study. Several posturographic variables, including V_av and L, deteriorated when measured on a textured mat, especially with large pimples and in eyes open condition. In contrast, no difference was found with small pimples and eyes closed, as compared to the control condition (no covering). The deleterious impact of pimple height on posturography correlated positively with the alteration of balance and gait clinically assessed by the UST and the TUG, and also with the MFIS physical and cerebral EDSS-FS subscores, and negatively with the cerebellar and brainstem subscores. On the other hand, the impact of eye closure on posturography was negatively correlated with the visual EDSS-FS subscore.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Static posturographic measurements made with different textured surfaces and visual conditions can be considered as a sensitive tool to measure \"proprioceptive reserves\". Actually, when cerebellar, brainstem, or visual functions are impaired, the resources of the sensory (proprioceptive) system, if preserved, can be recruited at a higher level and compensate for dysfunctions of other postural controls to maintain a satisfactory balance. In addition, this procedure of static posturographic examination can provide objective measurements correlated with clinical testing of balance and gait and could usefully complement EDSS scoring to assess disability affecting postural control and the risk of falling in MS patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19134,"journal":{"name":"Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"54 1","pages":"Article 102941"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139915191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation in the treatment of fibromyalgia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Chun-Lan Yang ,&nbsp;Yun Qu ,&nbsp;Jia-Peng Huang ,&nbsp;Ting-Ting Wang ,&nbsp;Han Zhang ,&nbsp;Yin Chen ,&nbsp;Ying-Chao Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.neucli.2024.102944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neucli.2024.102944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To update a systematic review of the efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for analgesia, for antidepressant effects, and to reduce the impact of fibromyalgia (FM), looking for optimal areas of stimulation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We searched five databases to identify randomized controlled trials comparing active and sham tDCS for FM. The primary outcome was pain intensity, and secondary outcome measures included FM Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) and depression score. Meta-analysis was conducted using standardized mean difference (SMD). Subgroup analysis was performed to determine the effects of different regional stimulation, over the primary motor cortex (M1), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), opercular-insular cortex (OIC), and occipital nerve (ON) regions. We analyzed the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) by the value of the mean difference (MD) for an 11-point scale for pain, the Beck Depressive Inventory-II (BDI-II), and the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) score. We described the certainty of the evidence (COE) using the tool <em>GRADE profile.</em></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Twenty studies were included in the analysis. Active tDCS had a positive effect on pain (SMD= -1.04; 95 % CI -1.38 to -0.69), depression (SMD= -0.46; 95 % CI -0.64 to -0.29), FIQ (SMD= -0.73; 95 % CI -1.09 to –0.36), COE is moderate. Only group M1 (SD=-1.57) and DLPFC (SD=-1.44) could achieve MCID for analgesia; For BDI-II, only group DLPFC (SD=-5.36) could achieve an MCID change. Adverse events were mild.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>tDCS is a safe intervention that relieves pain intensity, reduces depression, and reduces the impact of FM on life. Achieving an MCID is related to the stimulation site and the target symptom.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19134,"journal":{"name":"Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"54 1","pages":"Article 102944"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0987705324000029/pdfft?md5=bb20761e234970c2f17d77b6b91d83d4&pid=1-s2.0-S0987705324000029-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139925223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}