Neurology International最新文献

{"title":"Safety and Effectiveness of Unilateral Transcranial Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound in Essential Tremor: One-Year Single-Center Real-World Results.","authors":"Salvatore Iacono, Cesare Gagliardo, Domenico Gerardo Iacopino, Giuseppe Schirò, Rosario Maugeri, Sergio Mastrilli, Valentina Picciolo, Eleonora Bruno, Maurizio Marrale, Massimo Midiri, Marco D'Amelio","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17080131","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17080131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Essential tremor (ET) is the most common movement disorder worldwide. It negatively affects patients' activities of daily living (ADL) and quality of life. Unilateral transcranial magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (tcMRgFUS) thalamotomy has been proven as a highly effective and safe treatment option for patients with refractory ET. The aims of this study are to explore the effectiveness and safety of tcMRgFUS thalamotomy in patients with ET in a real-world setting. <b>Methods</b>: Patients who underwent tcMRgFUS thalamotomy at the University Hospital of Palermo were prospectively enrolled. Scores obtained by Quality of Life in Essential Tremor Questionnaire (QUEST) and The Essential Tremor Rating Assessment Scale (TETRAS) were compared before and after tcMRgFUS thalamotomy. Predictors of tcMRgFUS thalamotomy effectiveness were explored by multivariable Cox regression analyses. All the adverse events (AEs) during and after the procedure were collected. <b>Results</b>: Fifty patients were included (80% male; median age at tcMRgFUS 67.4 years). After procedure, the QUEST score decreased by 46.2%, while TETRAS-ADL and TETRAS Performance (TETRAS-PE) decreased by 52.2% and 51.8%, respectively. Temperature peak and longitudinal lesion diameter positively correlated with the magnitude of QUEST and TETRAS-PE reduction. A higher baseline TETRAS-PE score predicted a good prognosis (HR = HR 6.6 [95% CI: 2.1-21.3]; <i>p</i> = 0.001). AEs were mild to moderate and transient, while permanent AE was observed only in one case. <b>Conclusions</b>: This real-world study confirms the higher effectiveness and the favorable safety profile of tcMRgFUS thalamotomy in patients with ET by reducing the tremor-related interference in quality of life, disability in ADL, and tremor severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Charlotte Large Artery Occlusion Endovascular Therapy Outcome Score in a Modern Cohort of Thrombectomy Patients.","authors":"Rahul R Karamchandani, Liang Wang, Hongmei Yang, Dale Strong, Jeremy B Rhoten, Jonathan D Clemente, Gary Defilipp, Elizabeth A Adelman, William R Stetler, Andrew W Asimos","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17080130","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17080130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The Charlotte Large artery occlusion Endovascular therapy Outcome Score (CLEOS) predicts neurological outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Given recent expanded indications for EVT, we evaluated CLEOS in a modern cohort of thrombectomy patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed consecutive, anterior circulation EVT patients from January to December 2024 at multiple centers. The primary outcome was a 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 4-6. We compared primary outcome rates between the original CLEOS derivation cohort and the validation cohort. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for CLEOS and compared to other prognostic scales.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the 347 included patients, the mean age was 67.6 (14.9) years, the median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was 15 (10-20), and 137 (42.2%) had a 90-day mRS score of 4-6. A similar proportion of patients in the validation cohort and the derivation cohort achieved the primary outcome (39% each, <i>p</i> = 0.957). The AUC for CLEOS (0.7416, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.688-0.795) was superior to that of the Pittsburgh Response to Endovascular therapy (AUC 0.681, 95% CI 0.624-0.738, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and Stroke Prognostication using Age and NIHSS (AUC 0.5982, 95% CI 0.556-0.640, <i>p</i> < 0.01), while a trend was observed compared to Houston Intra-Arterial Therapy-2 (AUC 0.6999, 95% CI 0.644-0.756, <i>p</i> = 0.0657) and Totaled Health Risk in Vascular Events (AUC 0.7046, 95% CI 0.560-0.759, <i>p</i> = 0.07). CLEOS ≥ 700 predicted the primary outcome in 16/19 (84.2%) patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CLEOS performed well in our modern cohort of thrombectomy patients. Prognostic scales such as CLEOS may be useful in guiding conversations and setting expectations with family members pre- and post-thrombectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Level Exposure of Testosterone During Mouse Pregnancy Impairs the Offspring Social Behavior by Interrupting Neurexin-Neuroligin Binding.","authors":"Nan Yagishita-Kyo, Sosuke Yagishita","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17080129","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17080129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: The onset of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is thought to be related to fetal testosterone (TSTN) levels or the binding of neurexin (Nrxn) to neuroligin (Nlgn), as per some studies. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We found that high concentrations of TSTN interrupt Nrxn-Nlgn binding in the neonatal brain, causing impaired social behavior. <b>Methods</b>: We reproduced high concentrations of TSTN in the womb by injecting TSTN into pregnant mice, followed by the quantification of Nrxn-Nlgn binding in the neonatal brain. We also explored the sociability and social novelty preferences of male and female offspring. <b>Results</b>: Nrxn-Nlgn binding in the neonatal brain decreased after TSTN injection. Furthermore, male mice showed impairment in social novelty, whereas female mice showed impairments in both social novelty and sociability following TSTN injection. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study revealed that high concentrations of TSTN during brain development interrupted Nrxn-Nlgn binding and led to impairments in social behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of Neuroimaging Biomarkers and Pharmacogenetic Profiles in Optimizing Personalized Therapy in Children and Adolescents with Psychotic Disorders.","authors":"Adriana Cojocaru, Adina Braha, Nicoleta Ioana Andreescu, Alexandra Florina Șerban, Codrina Mihaela Levai, Iulius Jugănaru, Iuliana Costea, Lavinia Hogea, Marius Militaru, Iuliana-Anamaria Trăilă, Laura Alexandra Nussbaum","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17080128","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17080128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Psychotic disorders with childhood or adolescent onset pose major therapeutic challenges due to their complex etiology and variable treatment response. While pharmacogenetics and neuroimaging biomarkers have independently shown potential for guiding therapy, their combined utility remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate whether integrating CYP2D6 pharmacogenetic profiles with structural neuroimaging findings can enhance personalized treatment and predict clinical outcomes in pediatric psychotic disorders. <b>Methods:</b> This prospective observational study included 63 children and adolescents (10-18 years) with DSM-5 diagnosed psychotic disorders. All patients underwent baseline MRI and standardized clinical assessments (PANSS, CGI, GAF). CYP2D6 genotyping was performed in 31 patients (49.2%), categorizing them as extensive (EMs) or intermediate metabolizers (IMs). Patients were treated with atypical antipsychotics and followed for 18 months. Outcomes included symptom severity, global functioning, and side-effect profiles. <b>Results:</b> EM patients demonstrated superior clinical improvement, as evidenced by a reduction in PANSS scores (from 118 to 40) and a corresponding increase in GAF scores (from 39 to 76), compared to the IM and non-tested groups. IM patients exhibited a higher prevalence of MRI abnormalities and slower response. Significant correlations emerged between CYP2D6 genotype, MRI findings, and treatment outcomes (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Combined biomarker profiles enhanced the prediction of therapeutic response and tolerability. <b>Conclusions:</b> Integrating CYP2D6 pharmacogenetic data with neuroimaging biomarkers provides valuable guidance for personalizing antipsychotic treatment in pediatric psychosis. This approach improves clinical outcomes and reduces adverse effects. Future research should further explore the integration of multimodal biomarkers in larger, longitudinal cohorts to optimize individualized psychiatric care for this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12389298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Cilostazol in the Expression of Biomarkers and Neurological Outcome Following Experimentally Induced Cerebrovascular Accident-Experimental Protocol.","authors":"Christiana Anastasiadou, Stavroula Kastora, Alkistis Kapelouzou, Anastasios Papapetrou, Angelos Megalopoulos, Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos, Efthymios Paronis, Andreas Lazaris, George Geroulakos, Christos Liapis, Nikolaos Saratzis, John Kakisis","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17080126","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17080126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Several strategies have been described for stroke prevention, and the most commonly used medication is aspirin. Cilostazol, which is a substance with a pleiotropic effect, is still not well investigated. In this study, we aimed to delineate the effects of mono- and combinatorial pre-treatment upon neurological status and biomarkers, namely protein S100b, GFAP, procalcitonin, and galectin-3, following stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups, each containing six rats: control group (normal saline), cilostazol group (30 mg/kg/daily), aspirin group (10 mg/kg/daily), and aspirin/cilostazol group. Each substance was administered by gavage for four weeks. All animals were subjected to cerebral ischemia for 2 h using intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion. A neurological examination was performed, serum concentrations of biomarkers were determined, and the animals were then sacrificed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All treatment groups exhibited variations in the severity of immediate neurological presentation. Unlike the control group, where all rats presented with severe focal neurology or mortality, most rats in the treatment groups displayed no to moderate focal neurology. Moreover, the aspirin/cilostazol group consistently exhibited significantly lower levels in the studied biomarkers compared to other groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Co-administration of cilostazol and aspirin significantly ameliorates the immediate expression of the studied biomarkers. Further large-scale studies are needed to investigate the effect of combined therapy for primary and secondary prevention of stroke, using not only serum biomarkers but other specific clinical and laboratory endpoints.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Left Atrial Appendage Thrombi in Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke by Cardiac CT: Thrombus Features, LAA Characteristics and the Impact of Direct Oral Anticoagulation.","authors":"Karim Mostafa, Sarah Krutmann, Cosima Wünsche, Naomi Larsen, Alexander Seiler, Hatim Seoudy, Domagoj Schunk, Olav Jansen, Patrick Langguth","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17080127","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17080127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Large vessel occlusion (LVO) strokes account for a significant proportion of ischemic strokes and are often cardioembolic in origin, particularly following atrial fibrillation (AF) with thrombus formation in the left atrial appendage (LAA). Although direct oral anticoagulation (DOAC) therapy reduces stroke risk in AF, anatomical and flow-related factors may still allow thrombi to form and persist, revealing the limitations of anticoagulation in high-risk patients. Examining structural and hemodynamic factors contributing to thrombus persistence is essential for optimizing patient management. <b>Methods:</b> We retrospectively analyzed 169 AF patients with LVO stroke who underwent cardiac CT (cCT) during acute stroke assessment. Patients were categorized based on the presence or absence of persistent LAA thrombi and further stratified by DOAC status. LAA volume, blood stasis and left ventricular (LV) diameter were measured. Thrombi were assessed using Hounsfield Unit (HU) analysis to evaluate potential differences in thrombus composition. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of thrombus persistence with adjustment for DOAC therapy. <b>Results:</b> Persistent LAA thrombi were identified in 23 patients (13.6%). Patients with thrombi had significantly higher rates of stasis (<i>p</i> = 0.004), larger left ventricular diameters (<i>p</i> = 0.0019) and higher LAA volumes (<i>p</i> = 0.004). When adjusted for DOAC therapy, larger LAA volume (OR 1.05, <i>p</i> = 0.011), presence of LAA stasis (OR 6.14, <i>p</i> = 0.013) and increased LV diameter (OR 1.06, <i>p</i> = 0.006) were independent predictors of thrombus persistence. Thrombus size and HU values did not differ significantly between DOAC and non-DOAC groups. Notably, 30.4% of patients with persistent thrombi were on adequate DOAC therapy. <b>Conclusions:</b> LAA volume, stasis and LV enlargement predict thrombus persistence in the LAA of AF patients with LVO stroke, even under adequate DOAC therapy. These findings highlight the potential need for alternative antithrombotic strategies, including interventional LAA occlusion, and warrant further investigation into individualized stroke prevention in high-risk AF populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of Neurodegenerative Biomarkers and Functional Outcome in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.","authors":"Elina Polunosika, Monta Feldmane, Daina Pastare, Joel Simren, Kaj Blennow, Nauris Zdanovskis, Henrik Zetterberg, Renars Erts, Guntis Karelis","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17080123","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17080123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Objectives</b>: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative central nervous system disease. Neurodegeneration plays a central role in long-term disease progression. <b>Materials and Methods</b>: This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between neurodegenerative biomarkers, namely plasma neurofilament light chain (pNfL) levels and MRI-derived brain volume measurements, and clinical outcomes in 49 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Plasma NfL levels were quantified using Simoa technology, while MRI data was analyzed via FreeSurfer to measure volumes of grey and white matter, specific brain structures, and ventricular sizes. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R). Disability was evaluated using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). <b>Results</b>: The results indicated significant positive correlations between SDMT scores and volumes of grey matter, white matter, and various subcortical structures, suggesting that preserved brain volume is linked to better cognitive performance. Negative correlations were observed between SDMT scores and ventricular volumes, as well as between SDMT scores and EDSS scores, implying that cognitive decline corresponds with structural brain deterioration and increased disability. No significant associations were found between BVMT-R scores and imaging data or disability measures. Plasma NfL levels showed significant correlations with early disease relapses and enlargement of the third and fourth ventricles, but not with brain volume, cognitive tests, or EDSS scores. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings indicate that MRI-based brain volumetrics, particularly grey and white matter measures, are stronger indicators of cognitive function and disability in RRMS than plasma NfL.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12389188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coexisting Subdural Hematoma in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: A Case Series.","authors":"Matija Zupan, Lara Straus, Tomaž Velnar, Matic Bošnjak, Ulf Jensen-Kondering, Bruno Splavski, Senta Frol","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17080125","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17080125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a common cause of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in elderly individuals, and it is characterized by the deposition of amyloid β protein (Aß) in the walls of small-caliber cortical and leptomeningeal vessels. The diagnostic criteria for CAA highlight its association with spontaneous lobar hemorrhage, convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and cortical superficial siderosis but not with subdural hematoma (SDH). This article presents a three-patient case series of CAA who experienced a lobar ICH associated with an SDH, underscoring a potentially under-recognized correlation between an acute ICH and coexistent SDH.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present a case series of three patients in a single university medical center who experienced acute-onset lobar ICH with a concurrent SDH, treated with evacuation. Histopathological examination established the diagnosis of CAA in all three cases. This case series underscores a potentially under-recognized association between an acute ICH and coexistent SDH in the context of CAA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Considering our findings, we emphasize the possibility that SDH may be a more frequent manifestation of CAA than previously recognized. Therefore, patients with CAA who initially present with acute SDH may be underdiagnosed, consequently leading to delayed identification and missed opportunities for proper risk assessment and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12389174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Electrodiagnostic Correlations of Ultrasound-Detected Markedly Enlarged Median Nerve at the Wrist.","authors":"Lisa B E Shields, Vasudeva G Iyer, Theresa Kluthe, Kahir Jawad, Jun Cai, Yi Ping Zhang, Christopher B Shields","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17080124","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17080124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>This is a retrospective review of 36 patients with electrodiagnostic (EDX) confirmation of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and ultrasound (US) detection of marked median nerve enlargement (defined as a cross-sectional area [CSA] of 40 mm² or greater) at the wrist.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We describe the clinical, electrodiagnostic (EDX), and US findings in these patients and discuss the pathophysiologic basis of a markedly enlarged median nerve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The markedly enlarged median nerve was detected by US in a total of 39 hands (36 patients, with 3 bilateral). Of the 39 hands, thenar atrophy was observed in 15 (38.5%) hands, and pinprick loss in the median nerve distribution was noted in all hands. Moderately severe or severe median nerve entrapment at the carpal tunnel (CT) was confirmed by EDX studies in 21 (53.8%) and 16 (41.0%) hands, respectively. A total of 12 (30.8%) hands had no compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) over the abductor pollicis brevis muscle, and sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) were not detected in 31 (79.5%) hands. The wrist CSA was between 40 and 44 mm² in 20 (51.3%) hands, between 45 and 49 mm² in 13 (33.3%) hands, and 50 mm² or greater in 6 (15.4%) hands.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The implications of the markedly enlarged median nerve for surgical management of CTS are unknown, and future prospective studies are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12389687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreign Language Syndrome: Neurological and Psychiatric Aspects.","authors":"Ansam Eghzawi, Ali Madha, Rany Aburashed","doi":"10.3390/neurolint17080122","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurolint17080122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foreign Language Syndrome (FLS) is a rare neuropsychiatric condition characterized by the sudden, involuntary use of a non-native language, with concurrent loss or suppression of the native language. Distinct from Foreign Accent Syndrome (FAS), FLS often arises acutely following anesthesia, brain injury, or psychological stress. Although neuroimaging typically reveals no structural pathology, functional disconnection within bilingual language control systems has been hypothesized. Case reports suggest contributions from both neurological disruptions-such as transient cortical dysfunction-and psychiatric mechanisms, including dissociation and conversion phenomena. This review synthesizes the clinical features, diagnostic strategies, neurocognitive models, and psychiatric interpretations of FLS. It emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary evaluation and treatment and outlines prognosis patterns. The need for longitudinal follow-up, functional imaging studies, and centralized case databases is highlighted to better understand the pathophysiology and clinical management of this enigmatic syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":19130,"journal":{"name":"Neurology International","volume":"17 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}