Neurogastroenterology and Motility最新文献

{"title":"Intra- and interindividual variability in fasted gastric content volume.","authors":"Julia J M Roelofs, Guido Camps, Louise M Leenders, Luca Marciani, Robin C Spiller, Elise J M Van Eijnatten, Jaber Alyami, Ruoxuan Deng, Daniela Freitas, Michael Grimm, Leila J Karhunen, Shanthi Krishnasamy, Steven Le Feunteun, Dileep N Lobo, Alan R Mackie, Morwarid Mayar, Werner Weitschies, Paul A M Smeets","doi":"10.1111/nmo.14904","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nmo.14904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastric fluid plays a key role in food digestion and drug dissolution, therefore, the amount of gastric fluid present in a fasted state may influence subsequent digestion and drug delivery. We aimed to describe intra- and interindividual variation in fasted gastric content volume (FGCV) and to determine the association with age, sex, and body size characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 24 MRI studies measuring FGCV in healthy, mostly young individuals after an overnight fast were pooled. The analysis included 366 participants who had up to 6 repeated measurements, with a total of 870 measurements. Linear mixed model analysis was performed to calculate intra- and interindividual variability and to assess the effects of age, sex, weight, height, weight*height as a proxy for body size, and body mass index (BMI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FGCV ranged from 0 to 156 mL, with a mean (± SD) value of 33 ± 25 mL. The overall coefficient of variation within the study population was 75.6%, interindividual SD was 15 mL, and the intraindividual SD was 19 mL. Age, weight, height, weight*height, and BMI had no effect on FGCV. Women had lower volumes compared to men (MD: -6 mL), when corrected for the aforementioned factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FGCV is highly variable, with higher intraindividual compared to interindividual variability, indicating that FGCV is subject to day-to-day and within-day variation and is not a stable personal characteristic. This highlights the importance of considering FGCV when studying digestion and drug dissolution. Exact implications remain to be studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":19123,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology and Motility","volume":" ","pages":"e14904"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative ileus-Immune mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions.","authors":"Zheng Wang, Nathalie Stakenborg, Guy Boeckxstaens","doi":"10.1111/nmo.14951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postoperative ileus (POI) is a condition marked by a temporary suppression of gastrointestinal motility following abdominal surgery. The mechanism of POI encompasses various factors and is characterized by two phases: the early neurogenic phase involving both adrenergic and non-adrenergic neural pathways; the later immune-mediated phase is characterized by a sterile inflammatory response that lasts several days. Activation of muscularis macrophages triggers a sterile inflammatory process that results in dysfunction of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and a reversible inhibition of gastrointestinal motility.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In this minireview, recent insights in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying POI and potential new therapeutic strategies are described.</p>","PeriodicalId":19123,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology and Motility","volume":" ","pages":"e14951"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142504790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Splenectomy prevents brain orexin, ghrelin, or oxytocin but not GLP-1-induced improvement of intestinal barrier function in rats.","authors":"Takuya Funayama, Tsukasa Nozu, Masatomo Ishioh, Sho Igarashi, Hiroki Tanaka, Chihiro Sumi, Takeshi Saito, Yasumichi Toki, Mayumi Hatayama, Masayo Yamamoto, Motohiro Shindo, Shuichiro Takahashi, Toshikatsu Okumura","doi":"10.1111/nmo.14949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accumulating evidence has suggested that neuropeptides such as orexin, ghrelin, or oxytocin act centrally in the brain to regulate intestinal barrier function through the vagus nerve. It has been reported that the vagal cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway was blocked by splenectomy. In the present study, we therefore examined the effect of splenectomy on neuropeptides-induced improvement of increased intestinal permeability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Colonic permeability was determined in vivo by quantifying the absorbed Evans blue in colonic tissue for 15 min spectrophotometrically in rats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Splenectomy increased colonic permeability. The increased permeability by splenectomy was significantly blocked by vagal activation induced by carbachol or 2-deoxy-d-glucose which was prevented by atropine, suggesting vagal activation could prevent colonic hyperpermeability in splenectomized rats. In the splenectomized rats, intracisternal injection of orexin, ghrelin, oxytocin, or butyrate failed to inhibit increased colonic permeability while intracisternal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue, liraglutide, potently blocked the increased colonic permeability in a dose-dependent manner. The liraglutide-induced improvement of increased colonic permeability was blocked by atropine in splenectomized rats. Intracisternal injection of GLP-1 receptor antagonist attenuated 2-deoxy-d-glucose-induced improvement of colonic hyperpermeability in splenectomized rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present results suggested that the spleen is important in the improvement of intestinal barrier function by brain orexin, ghrelin or oxytocin, and butyrate. On the other hand, GLP-1 acts centrally in the brain to improve colonic hyperpermeability in a spleen-independent manner. All these results suggest that dual mechanisms (spleen dependent or independent) may exist for the brain-gut regulation in intestinal barrier function.</p>","PeriodicalId":19123,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology and Motility","volume":" ","pages":"e14949"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142504791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of reactive enteric glia-macrophage interactions in acute and chronic inflammation.","authors":"Schneider Reiner, Schneider Linda, Hamza Ebrahim, Leven Patrick, Wehner Sven","doi":"10.1111/nmo.14947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enteric glia are a heterogeneous population of peripheral glia within the enteric nervous system and play pivotal roles in gut homeostasis, tissue integrity, coordination of motility, and intestinal immune responses. Under physiological conditions, they communicate with enteric neurons to control intestinal motility. In contrast, enteric glia undergo reactive changes in response to inflammatory signals during enteric neuroinflammation and participate in immune control. In this state, these glia are called reactive enteric glia, which promote cytokine and chemokine secretion and perpetuate immune cell recruitment, thereby affecting disease progression. Interestingly, reactive glia exhibit a huge plasticity and adapt to or shape the immune environment towards a resolving phenotype during inflammation and neuropathies. Recent studies revealed a bidirectional communication between enteric glia and resident and infiltrating immune cells under healthy conditions and in the context of inflammation-based intestinal disorders and neuropathies. While recent reviews give a superb general overview of enteric glial reactivity, we herein discuss the latest evidence on enteric glial reactivity in two prominent inflammatory conditions: acute postoperative inflammation, resulting in postoperative ileus, and chronic inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases. We define their plasticity during inflammation and the interplay between reactive enteric glia and intestinal macrophages. Finally, we sketch important questions that should be addressed to clarify further the impact of enteric glial reactivity on intestinal inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19123,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology and Motility","volume":" ","pages":"e14947"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142470855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A message from Chandra Wilson- caregiver and advocate of CVS.","authors":"Chandra Wilson","doi":"10.1111/nmo.14913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14913","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19123,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology and Motility","volume":" ","pages":"e14913"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142470853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) worldwide: Current epidemiological insights and recent developments.","authors":"Rosita Frazier, Uday C Ghoshal, Jose Remes-Troche, Dover Robin, Emoto Shun, Thavamani Aravind","doi":"10.1111/nmo.14932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS), a disorder of gut-brain interaction, presents with recurrent episodes of severe nausea and vomiting. It is often associated with missed or delayed diagnoses and substantial healthcare utilization. Despite historical recognition dating back to the 19th century, epidemiological insights remain limited, with research predominantly originating from specific regions, such as the US. CVS prevalence and incidence rates vary widely and are hindered by inconsistent methodologies and disease recognition.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of CVS prevalence and incidence rates. It reviews the currently available data and identifies gaps in knowledge. Understanding the global epidemiology of CVS, increasing awareness of the disease, and fostering global collaboration are crucial. Other pertinent issues include disparities in outcomes, particularly among African Americans and Hispanics in the United States, underscoring the need to understand the social determinants of health that drive disease outcomes. This understanding can inform targeted interventions to address these barriers and achieve equitable healthcare both in the United States and globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":19123,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology and Motility","volume":" ","pages":"e14932"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms involved in the muscle relaxing effects of STW 5 in guinea pig stomach.","authors":"Shady Allam, Dagmar Krüger, Klaus Michel, Katharina Schnabl, Martin Klingenspor, Michael Schemann, Anita Annaházi","doi":"10.1111/nmo.14761","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nmo.14761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The herbal preparation STW 5 ameliorates functional dyspepsia partly by relaxing smooth muscle of the proximal stomach, thus improving gastric accommodation. We explored the unknown pathways responsible for this effect by testing targets known to modulate gastric smooth muscle relaxation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>STW 5-induced relaxation of smooth muscle strips from guinea pig gastric corpus before and after pharmacological interventions were recorded with force transducers in an organ bath. ORAI1 mRNA expression was tested in the proximal stomach.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>Blockade of Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ and Cl^- channels, voltage-gated L- or T-type Ca2+ channels, TRPA1-, TRPV1-, adenosine or 5-HT₄ receptors, antagonizing ryanodine receptors, inhibiting cyclooxygenase or sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase did not affect STW 5-evoked relaxation. Likewise, protein-kinase A or G were not involved. However, the relaxation evoked by STW 5 was significantly reduced by phorbol-12-myristat-13-acetat, an activator of protein-kinase C, by 2- aminoethyldiphenylborinate, an inhibitor of the IP3 receptor-mediated Ca²⁺ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum or by SKF-96365, a nonselective store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) blocker. Furthermore, the mixed TRPC3/SOCE inhibitor Pyr3, but not the selective TRPC3 blocker Pyr10, reduced the effect of STW 5. Finally, BTP2, a potent blocker of ORAI-coupled SOCE, almost abolished STW 5-evoked relaxation. Expression of ORAI1 could be demonstrated in the corpus/fundus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions & inferences: </strong>STW 5 inhibited SOCE, most likely ORAI channels, which are modulated by IP3- and PKC-dependent mechanisms. Our findings impact on the design of drugs to induce muscle relaxation and help identify phytochemicals with similar modes of actions to treat gastrointestinal disturbances.</p>","PeriodicalId":19123,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology and Motility","volume":" ","pages":"e14761"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139717744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of reboxetine and citalopram on anal opening pressure in healthy women: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study.","authors":"Thea Christoffersen, Troels Riis, Jesper Sonne, Jonatan Kornholt, David P Sonne, Niels Klarskov","doi":"10.1111/nmo.14882","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nmo.14882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In placebo-controlled clinical trials, reboxetine, a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, increases urethral pressure and relieves stress urinary incontinence symptoms in women. Considering the close connection in neural regulation of the external urethral and anal sphincters, we hypothesized that reboxetine may also enhance anal sphincter pressure. Conversely, it is believed that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may contribute to fecal incontinence by reducing anal sphincter pressure. In this study, we investigated the effect of reboxetine and citalopram on anal opening pressure in healthy female volunteers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a double-blind, three-way crossover trial, 24 female participants received single doses of 40 mg citalopram, 8 mg reboxetine, and matching placebos, with a minimum of 8-day washout between sessions. Using anal acoustic reflectometry, we measured anal opening pressure during both resting and squeezing conditions at the estimated time of peak plasma concentration for both study drugs.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>Compared with placebo, reboxetine increased anal opening pressure with 23.4 cmH₂O (95% confidence interval [CI] 16.5-30.2, p < 0.001) during rest and with 22.5 cmH₂O (95% CI 15.2-29.8, p < 0.001) during squeeze. Citalopram did not change anal opening pressure statistically significantly compared to placebo.</p><p><strong>Conclusions & inferences: </strong>An 8-mg dose of reboxetine increased anal opening pressure substantially in healthy women, suggesting potential benefits for fecal incontinence symptoms. In contrast, a 40-mg dose of citalopram showed a marginal and statistically insignificant effect on anal opening pressure, indicating that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors do not contribute to fecal incontinence by reducing anal sphincter tone.</p>","PeriodicalId":19123,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology and Motility","volume":" ","pages":"e14882"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic cognitive behavioral therapy approach for pediatric disorders of gut-brain interaction.","authors":"Leigh P Chancey, Joel B Winnick, Jessica Buzenski, Gabriel Winberry, Anquonette Stiles, Nicole E Zahka, Sara E Williams","doi":"10.1111/nmo.14883","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nmo.14883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for youth with Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBIs) is effective; however, there are calls in the field to strengthen the evidence base and identify specific mechanisms of treatment that yield the most benefit for this patient population. A unique, systematic treatment approach of CBT with initial evidence for success for pediatric patients with DGBIs was evaluated to further demonstrate its clinical utility in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study of 42 pediatric patients aged 11-17 years with DGBIs, who were diagnosed and referred for CBT by pediatric gastroenterology providers. Providers also completed a survey rating acceptability and effectiveness of CBT. The systematic CBT approach included 10 sessions delivered by a psychologist at an integrated Pediatric GI Clinic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Review of 42 pediatric charts showed significant decreases in self-reported functional disability, abdominal pain, as well as depression and anxiety symptoms pre- to post-CBT completion. A moderation effect was observed where patients reporting higher levels of depressive symptoms and primary symptom of abdominal pain reported smaller reductions in functional impairment compared to those with lower levels of depression and primary symptom of nausea or vomiting. Pediatric Gastroenterology providers were satisfied with this psychological treatment approach.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides evidence for acceptability and effectiveness of implementation of a systematic CBT approach for pediatric DGBIs in an integrated GI clinic, as well as areas worthy of future research, including identifying the most important mechanisms of treatment and factors that influence treatment response.</p>","PeriodicalId":19123,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology and Motility","volume":" ","pages":"e14883"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroacupuncture at different frequencies improves visceral pain in IBS rats through different pathways.","authors":"Xiaoli Chang, Lijun Wang, Hongwei Sun, Zhen Wang, Zongbao Yang, Shaozong Chen","doi":"10.1111/nmo.14874","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nmo.14874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency dependence of electroacupuncture (EA) in alleviating chronic visceral pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and the differences in the gut microbiota and metabolites as potential mechanisms to explain frequency dependence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A visceral hyperalgesia model was established by colorectal instillation of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid in rats, and EA treatment at 2/10 Hz, 2/50 Hz and 2/100 Hz was applied at ST25. Visceral sensation was quantified by the abdominal withdrawal reflex score and the area under the curve of the rectus abdominis electromyogram in response to colorectal distension. Ultrastructural morphological damage of colonic tissue of the rats was examined by transmission electron microscopy. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were applied to study the differences in the gut microbiota and to perform metabonomic profiling of the colonic tissue.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>EA at ST25 at different frequencies attenuated chronic visceral pain, ultrastructural morphological damage to colonic tissue and disruption of the gut microbiota in IBS rats. The frequency of 2/100 Hz has more regulatory pathways than 2/10 Hz and 2/50 Hz. In addition, IBS rats exhibited colonic metabolic disorders, and pantothenate was significantly upregulated after EA treatment at different frequencies. Very low-density lipoprotein and 2-hydroxybutyrate were significantly increased in the 2/10 Hz group, while low density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, 2-hydroxybutyrate, methylmalonate and alpha-hydroxyisobutyric acid were significantly increased in the 2/100 Hz group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and inferences: </strong>EA at ST25 at different frequencies attenuated chronic visceral pain through different gut microbiota and metabolic pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":19123,"journal":{"name":"Neurogastroenterology and Motility","volume":" ","pages":"e14874"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141731359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}