Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology最新文献_第5页

Blood ethanol concentrations following intragastric intubation of neonatal rat pups. 新生大鼠幼仔经胃插管后血乙醇浓度。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-07-01

D C Serbus, M W Young, K E Light

{"title":"Blood ethanol concentrations following intragastric intubation of neonatal rat pups.","authors":"D C Serbus, M W Young, K E Light","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the blood alcohol timecourse in neonatal male rats treated with ethanol via intubation of an ethanol-containing liquid diet (Sustacal, Mead Johnson). Experimental animals were maternally reared and received 1, 5, or 9 gavage feedings of a 20% (v/v) ethanol/nutriment solution, beginning at 0800 hours, on postnatal day 4 (PN4). Animals which received multiple intubations were treated twice daily, at 0800 and 1600 hours. The intubate was formulated to provide single doses of either 3.0 g/kg or 3.6 g/kg ethanol. Blood samples were obtained by toe clipping, and were collected at hourly intervals for up to 4 hours following the 0800 hour exposure on PN4, PN6, or PN8. Resultant blood alcohol concentrations were observed to be dose-dependent, and reduced by repeated ethanol exposure. Additionally, the time required to achieve apparent maximal blood levels was noted to be reduced by repetitive ethanol exposure, and to be inversely related to the magnitude of the ethanol dose. This study indicates that twice daily administration of substantial doses of ethanol in a dietary nutriment can be delivered to neonatal rats via intubation, and yield elevated, sustained blood alcohol levels (in a neonate evidencing unimpaired body growth), which are consistent with the limited data available concerning ethanol metabolism in the neonatal rat.","PeriodicalId":19112,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology","volume":"8 4","pages":"403-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14881236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perinatal cannabinoid exposure: demasculinization in male mice. 围产期大麻素暴露:雄性小鼠的去势。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-07-01

S L Dalterio, S D Michael, P J Thomford

{"title":"Perinatal cannabinoid exposure: demasculinization in male mice.","authors":"S L Dalterio, S D Michael, P J Thomford","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Maternal exposure to psychoactive or non-psychoactive cannabinoids produces long-term changes in body weight regulation, pituitary-gonadal feedback, testicular function, and also affects adult sexual behavior in male offspring. Alterations in brain biogenic amine concentration and metabolism have also been observed in adult males perinatally-exposed to cannabinoids. The possibility that these effects are mediated by cannabinoid-induced suppression or interference with fetal and/or neonatal androgen production is discussed. In addition, data are presented showing that exposure to the major psychoactive component of marihuana, delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), on day 12 of gestation significantly increased hepatic cytochromes P-450 levels. In contrast, cytochromes P-450 levels were significantly decreased in adult males exposed to these cannabinoids on day 1 post-partum. The response of these animals to the negative feedback effects of exogenous androgen was also influenced by perinatal cannabinoid exposure. One hr after injection of 20 micrograms testosterone (T), plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), were markedly increased in castrated males exposed to CBD on day 12 of gestation, while the THC and control mice showed no response to T injection. In contrast to the reduced plasma LH levels in the controls, the levels of LH were significantly increased in postnatal THC-exposed males, while the CBN and CBD-exposed mice exhibited no reduction in plasma LH in response to exogenous androgen. Prenatal exposure to THC resulted in a greater suppression of plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in mice receiving 20 micrograms T, compared to the effects in the castrated controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":19112,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology","volume":"8 4","pages":"391-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14881312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of postweaning administration of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on adult behavioral and neuroendocrine function in Sprague-Dawley and Fischer-344 rats. 断奶后给药δ -9-四氢大麻酚(THC)对Sprague-Dawley和Fischer-344大鼠成年行为和神经内分泌功能的影响

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-07-01

D J Mokler, S E Robinson, J H Johnson, J S Hong, J A Rosecrans

{"title":"Effects of postweaning administration of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on adult behavioral and neuroendocrine function in Sprague-Dawley and Fischer-344 rats.","authors":"D J Mokler, S E Robinson, J H Johnson, J S Hong, J A Rosecrans","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was administered to young male Fischer-344 (CDF) and Sprague-Dawley (CD) rats on days 30-50 of age. Doses of THC consisted of 20, 10 or 5 doses of 10 mg/kg spaced over the 20-day period. On day 140 animals were exposed to a 15 sec 1.5 mA scrambled foot-shock. Latency for withdrawal from 55 degrees C water was used as a measure for analgesia. Both CDF and CD rats showed a foot-shock induced analgesia (FSIA). Animals which had received 5 or 10 doses of THC in youth showed an enhanced response to foot-shock in the CDF rat. The foot-shock was then paired with an unconditioned stimulus (shock environment) and a conditioned analgesia developed over 4 days. At weekly intervals thereafter animals were tested in the shock environment only for extinction of the analgesic response. Over 4 weeks, analgesia did not show extinction in the CDF rat. Extinction of the response was observed in the veh and 20 dose groups in the CD rat; whereas a resistance to extinction was observed in the other groups. The CDF rats were then sacrificed following the last extinction trial and serum corticosterone and prolactin measured. Five and 10 doses of THC decreased prolactin levels; stress, however, increased these levels above the levels in VEH treated animals exposed to stress. Extinction of a fixed ratio 10 as well as exposure to fixed ratio strain in the CD rat were not affected by THC. These data suggest that THC administered during postweaning development alters endogenous systems which mediate the animals response to stress.","PeriodicalId":19112,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology","volume":"8 4","pages":"407-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14154402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prenatal drug exposure: effects on neonatal and infant growth and development. 产前药物暴露:对新生儿和婴儿生长发育的影响。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-07-01

I J Chasnoff, K A Burns, W J Burns, S H Schnoll

{"title":"Prenatal drug exposure: effects on neonatal and infant growth and development.","authors":"I J Chasnoff, K A Burns, W J Burns, S H Schnoll","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"There is no question that the number of women using and abusing drugs other than opiates far exceeds the number who are addicted to narcotics. Data on four groups of drug-addicted pregnant women and their newborns are presented and compared to a drug-free control group. Group I women (N = 51) conceived while on heroin and were converted to low-dose methadone maintenance; Group II women were addicted to multiple licit or illicit nonnarcotic drugs (N = 22); Group III women abused a combination of pentazocine and tripelennamine (T's and blues) during pregnancy (N = 13); and Group IV women (N = 9) abused phencyclidine (PCP) throughout pregnancy. Group V women (N = 27) were selected from the clinic population of Prentice Women's Hospital and Maternity Center and had no history or evidence of substance use or abuse. Opiate-exposed newborns in Groups I and III were significantly smaller than control infants for all growth parameters, though by nine months of age they had caught up in weight and length to control infants. Head circumference remained significantly smaller than controls through two years of age. All four groups of drug-exposed infants exhibited abnormal neurobehavior in the newborn period, but mental and psychomotor development as evaluated with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development was comparable to control infants' development through two years of age.","PeriodicalId":19112,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology","volume":"8 4","pages":"357-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14881307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maternal and fetal characteristics affecting alcohol's teratogenicity. 影响酒精致畸性的母胎特征。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-07-01

E L Abel, R J Sokol

引用次数: 0

Effect of perinatal exposure to methadone on brain opioid and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. 围产期美沙酮暴露对脑阿片和α 2-肾上腺素能受体的影响。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-07-01

C Wang, P Pasulka, B Perry, W J Pizzi, S H Schnoll

{"title":"Effect of perinatal exposure to methadone on brain opioid and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors.","authors":"C Wang, P Pasulka, B Perry, W J Pizzi, S H Schnoll","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Prenatal exposure to psychotropic drugs has recently been shown to induce behavioral and brain neurochemical changes in the newborn. The long-term effects of pre- and postnatal exposure to methadone on the opioid (delta and mu) and adrenergic (alpha 2) receptors were investigated in two areas of the rat brain. Rat pups received prenatal treatment with methadone through a minipump implanted in the pregnant dams and were cross-fostered to methadone- or non-methadone-implanted dams until weaned. The rats were sacrificed when fully grown and brains removed. Receptor binding assays using 3H-D-ala-leu-enkephalin and 3H-naloxone for delta and mu opioid receptors respectively and 3H-rauwolscine for alpha 2-adrenergic receptors were performed in two areas of the brain. In the hypothalamus, prenatal methadone treatment induced sustained decreases in both delta and mu opioid receptors but did not cause significant changes in the alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. In the cerebral cortex, prenatal methadone treatment induced significant decreases not only in delta and mu opioid receptors but also in alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. Postnatal methadone treatment alone did not cause significant changes in opioid receptors in the two brain areas, but did induce reduction in the cerebral cortical alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. The significance of these results is discussed.","PeriodicalId":19112,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology","volume":"8 4","pages":"399-402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14153214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reproductive behavior of female rats treated with ethanol on postnatal days 1-7 or 8-14. 乙醇处理雌性大鼠出生后1-7天和8-14天的生殖行为。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-07-01

T B Sonderegger, B L Mesloh, A J Ritchie, A Tharp, M Spencer

引用次数: 0

Perinatal substance abuse: research and clinical perspectives. 围产期药物滥用:研究和临床观点。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-07-01

T B Sonderegger

引用次数: 0

The effect of volume and duration of prenatal ethanol exposure on neonatal physical and behavioral development. 产前乙醇暴露量和持续时间对新生儿身体和行为发育的影响。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-07-01

I E Smith, C D Coles, J Lancaster, P M Fernhoff, A Falek

{"title":"The effect of volume and duration of prenatal ethanol exposure on neonatal physical and behavioral development.","authors":"I E Smith, C D Coles, J Lancaster, P M Fernhoff, A Falek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research on the effects of alcohol use during pregnancy indicate that discontinuing alcohol use mid-pregnancy can prevent or minimize many of the adverse consequences usually observed in the children of women who consume alcohol throughout pregnancy. Few studies have examined the contributions of maternal dose level independent of the duration of drinking during pregnancy. In this study the effects of prenatal dose (volume of maternal alcohol use per week during pregnancy) and duration (exposure throughout pregnancy vs. exposure in the first and second trimesters only) on newborn physical and behavioral development were examined. Dependent measures were cluster scores on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (BNBAS) at three days, infant birthweight, length, and head circumference. Subjects were infants of obstetric patients at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta who were participating in a study on the effects of alcohol use during pregnancy on infant outcome (n = 149). Subjects were primarily black and of low socioeconomic status. Infants of women who continued to drink throughout pregnancy differed from those of women who did not drink during pregnancy on orientation, (the ability to attend to environmental stimuli), p less than 0.05, autonomic regulation, p less than 0.0002, birthweight, p less than 0.04, length, p less than 0.01, and head circumference, p less than 0.01. Both prenatal alcohol dose, p less than 0.03, and the duration of alcohol exposure, p less than 0.03, independently affected autonomic regulation. A significant interaction was found for birthweight, p less than 0.02, with independent main effects for both dose and duration of exposure, p less than 0.01.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":19112,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology","volume":"8 4","pages":"375-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14881235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neonatal abstinence syndrome, pharmacotherapy and developmental outcome. 新生儿戒断综合征，药物治疗和发育结局。

Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology Pub Date : 1986-07-01

K Kaltenbach, L P Finnegan

{"title":"Neonatal abstinence syndrome, pharmacotherapy and developmental outcome.","authors":"K Kaltenbach, L P Finnegan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of infants born to drug-dependent women undergo neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and often require pharmacotherapy for the treatment of withdrawal symptoms. Phenobarbital, paregoric, and diazepam have been recommended for the treatment of the syndrome. While some investigators have examined the efficacy of these agents in treating NAS, there are no data regarding the use of specific pharmacologic agents and developmental outcome. This study evaluated 85 infants born to drug-dependent women who were maintained on methadone during pregnancy. Severity of infant withdrawal was assessed with the neonatal abstinence scoring system. Infants who required pharmacotherapy were randomly assigned to one of four treatment regimens: paragoric, phenobarbital (titration), phenobarbital (loading), and diazepam. When treatment was not successful with the assigned agent, one of the other agent(s) was used. At 6 months of age, the developmental status of infants was assessed with the Bayley Scales of Mental Development. Based on NAS treatment, four groups were defined: paregoric (n = 21); phenobarbital (n = 17); more than one agent (n = 31); and no treatment (n = 16). Data for the phenobarbital loading and titration groups were combined since analysis revealed no differences between groups. All infants who initially received diazepam were included in group III since diazepam as a single agent was not successful. Results of one way analysis of variance revealed no differences in developmental status between groups (p greater than 0.10, F = 0.25). Scores for all groups were well within the normal range of development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":19112,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology","volume":"8 4","pages":"353-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14881306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0