Nature Reviews Materials最新文献_第8页

Making tough hydrogels isotropic 使坚韧的水凝胶各向同性

IF 86.2 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2026-02-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-026-00902-w

Giulia Pacchioni

引用次数: 0

Can nanozymes achieve more than enzymes? 纳米酶能实现比酶更多的功能吗？

IF 86.2 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2026-02-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-026-00898-3

Shikuan Shao, Cristina-Maria Hirschbiegel, Ethan F. Allan, Samuel V. Somerville, J. Justin Gooding, Vincent M. Rotello, Xiaohu Xia

{"title":"Can nanozymes achieve more than enzymes?","authors":"Shikuan Shao, Cristina-Maria Hirschbiegel, Ethan F. Allan, Samuel V. Somerville, J. Justin Gooding, Vincent M. Rotello, Xiaohu Xia","doi":"10.1038/s41578-026-00898-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-026-00898-3","url":null,"abstract":"Nanozymes have progressed from simple enzyme mimics to a versatile class of artificial catalysts that expand functionality beyond the reach of natural enzymes. In this Perspective, we examine how the materials design of nanozymes enables catalytic behaviours that are inaccessible to biological systems, including activity in non-biological environments, promotion of non-natural reactions and the integration of multiple catalytic functions within a single nanostructure. Through nanoscale control over physicochemical parameters and emulation of key enzyme architectures, nanozymes can achieve finely tunable activity and selectivity. Facile surface functionalization and inherent electrical connectivity further enhance their performance in complex systems. Collectively, these attributes extend catalysis beyond the constraints of natural enzymes, driving innovations in an array of different fields, including biomedicine, agriculture, environmental remediation and energy conversion. Nanocatalyst ‘nanozymes’ provide a versatile alternative to natural enzymes. Nanozymes can operate in conditions inimical to enzymes and can catalyse reactions that their natural analogues cannot. This Perspective discusses design principles, strengths, challenges and applications of nanozymes.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"11 5","pages":"413-429"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147279955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Charge transport physics of organic conductors at high carrier densities 高载流子密度下有机导体的电荷输运物理

IF 86.2 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2026-02-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-026-00897-4

C. Daniel Frisbie, Ian. E. Jacobs, Xinglong Ren, Henning Sirringhaus

{"title":"Charge transport physics of organic conductors at high carrier densities","authors":"C. Daniel Frisbie, Ian. E. Jacobs, Xinglong Ren, Henning Sirringhaus","doi":"10.1038/s41578-026-00897-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-026-00897-4","url":null,"abstract":"Conducting polymers and other organic conductors enable emerging applications in bioelectronics, neuromorphic computing, energy storage and thermoelectric devices. When used in organic electrochemical transistors or other devices, these materials are typically doped in their bulk to very high carrier densities of the order of 1020–1021 cm−3. In this regime, they show fascinating nonlinear, many-body and non-equilibrium transport phenomena that are being exploited in these applications, but whose fundamental origins remain poorly understood. In this Review, we focus on the underlying charge transport physics, examining how complex microstructure, electron–electron interactions and electron–dopant counterion interactions govern transport behaviour, including the evolution of the density of states with carrier density. We also discuss reliable experimental methods for determining carrier concentrations and measuring transport coefficients. An in-depth understanding of the charge transport physics in this high-carrier-density regime is a prerequisite for harnessing these transport phenomena in device applications. Conducting polymers and other organic conductors enable emerging applications in bioelectronics, neuromorphic computing, energy storage and thermoelectric devices. This Review examines their charge transport physics at high carrier densities, including how complex microstructure, electron–electron interactions and electron–dopant counterion interactions govern transport behaviour.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"11 6","pages":"437-452"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147278791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Photonic exceptional points in engineered materials and their emerging applications 工程材料中的光子特殊点及其新兴应用

IF 86.2 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2026-02-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-026-00896-5

Haoye Qin, Wenjing Lv, Zhe Zhang, Zijin Yang, Jue Li, Mengyao Li, Bo Li, Ji Zhou, Romain Fleury, Patrice Genevet, Qinghua Song, Cheng-Wei Qiu

{"title":"Photonic exceptional points in engineered materials and their emerging applications","authors":"Haoye Qin, Wenjing Lv, Zhe Zhang, Zijin Yang, Jue Li, Mengyao Li, Bo Li, Ji Zhou, Romain Fleury, Patrice Genevet, Qinghua Song, Cheng-Wei Qiu","doi":"10.1038/s41578-026-00896-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-026-00896-5","url":null,"abstract":"Enabled by the coalescence of eigenvalues and eigenstates, exceptional points (EPs) in non-Hermitian photonic systems have revolutionized the control of light–matter interactions and sparked growing interest across diverse material and structural platforms. This Review synthesizes advances in engineered materials that harness EPs across three key domains: band EPs in dielectric photonic crystals, wherein radiation-induced loss transforms Hermitian degeneracies into exceptional rings and bulk Fermi arcs; scattering EPs in hybrid dielectric or lossy metasurfaces, enabling unidirectional reflectionless propagation; and Jones EPs in plasmonic and anisotropic materials, which exploit chiral degeneracies for asymmetric scattering and holographic multiplexing. We highlight emerging phenomena in dynamic EP control using tunable materials such as graphene, phase-change media and micro-electromechanical systems, which enable real-time modulation, topological phase transitions and the direct observation of non-Hermitian braiding. The topological properties of EPs, manifested in phase accumulation and half-integer polarization charges, support key applications in wavefront shaping and singular optics. New frontiers involve the integration of EPs with other concepts, including bound states in the continuum, Dirac points, nonreciprocity and magnetic tunability. Bridging non-Hermitian physics with material-engineered platforms paves the way for adaptive photonic devices, topological meta-architectures and machine learning-driven designs, charting a path towards next-generation nanophotonics. Exceptional points enable unique light–matter interactions in non-Hermitian systems. This Review surveys band, scattering and Jones exceptional points in engineered materials, highlighting emerging applications and phenomena including topological properties, dynamic control, braiding, wavefront shaping and special states.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"11 6","pages":"453-468"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147278792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why insisting on circularity and stigmatizing disposal undermines sustainability 为什么坚持循环和污名化处理会破坏可持续性

IF 86.2 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2026-02-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-026-00900-y

Calvin Lakhan

引用次数: 0

Many-body entanglement in solid-state emitters 固态发射体中的多体纠缠

IF 86.2 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2026-02-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-026-00893-8

Emma Daggett, Christian M. Lange, Bennet Windt, Arshag Danageozian, Alexander Senichev, Jordi Arnau Montañà-López, Chanchal, Kinjol Barua, Xingyu Gao, Zhaoyun Zheng, Vijin Kizhake Veetil, Souvik Biswas, Jonas M. Peterson, Na Liu, Chuchuan Hong, Teri Odom, Matthew Pelton, Tongcang Li, Jelena Vučković, Vladamir M. Shalaev, Alexandra Boltasseva, Sophia E. Economou, Jonathan D. Hood, Valentin Walther, Rahul Trivedi, Libai Huang

{"title":"Many-body entanglement in solid-state emitters","authors":"Emma Daggett, Christian M. Lange, Bennet Windt, Arshag Danageozian, Alexander Senichev, Jordi Arnau Montañà-López,  Chanchal, Kinjol Barua, Xingyu Gao, Zhaoyun Zheng, Vijin Kizhake Veetil, Souvik Biswas, Jonas M. Peterson, Na Liu, Chuchuan Hong, Teri Odom, Matthew Pelton, Tongcang Li, Jelena Vučković, Vladamir M. Shalaev, Alexandra Boltasseva, Sophia E. Economou, Jonathan D. Hood, Valentin Walther, Rahul Trivedi, Libai Huang","doi":"10.1038/s41578-026-00893-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-026-00893-8","url":null,"abstract":"The preparation and control of quantum states lie at the heart of quantum information science. Recent advances in solid-state quantum emitters (QEs) and nanophotonics have transformed the landscape of quantum photonic technologies, enabling scalable generation of quantum states of light and matter. A new frontier in solid-state quantum photonics is the engineering of many-body interactions between QEs and photons to achieve robust coherence and controllable many-body entanglement. These entangled states, including photonic graph and cluster states, superradiant emission and emergent quantum phases, are promising for quantum computation, sensing and simulation. However, intrinsic inhomogeneities and decoherence in solid-state platforms pose considerable challenges in realizing such complex entangled states. This Review provides an overview of fundamental many-body interactions and dynamics at the light–matter interfaces of solid-state QEs and discusses recent advances in mitigating decoherence and harnessing robust many-body coherence. Building scalable quantum technologies requires generating robust many-body entanglement in solid-state platforms. This Review highlights how engineered light–matter interactions, optical nonlinearities and coupling to nanophotonic structures enable coherent many-body entangled states that are resilient to disorder and decoherence.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"11 5","pages":"354-374"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146205393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Morphing matter to support ecological restoration 支持生态恢复的变形物质

IF 86.2 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-026-00895-6

Qiuyu Lu, Semina Yi, Tucker Rae-Grant, Tianyu Yu, Dinesh K. Patel, Lining Yao

引用次数: 0

Van der Waals materials for energy-efficient electronic devices 用于节能电子器件的范德华材料

IF 86.2 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00886-z

Eunji Hwang, Heemyoung Hong, Yongjoon Lee, Yanggeun Joo, Sangsu Yer, Suyeon Cho, Heejun Yang

{"title":"Van der Waals materials for energy-efficient electronic devices","authors":"Eunji Hwang, Heemyoung Hong, Yongjoon Lee, Yanggeun Joo, Sangsu Yer, Suyeon Cho, Heejun Yang","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00886-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00886-z","url":null,"abstract":"Since the invention of the first transistor based on germanium, a wide range of 3D semiconductors, metals and insulators have been used as building blocks for integrated logic and memory devices. However, the energy consumption of electronic devices based on these 3D materials has continued to increase, particularly in emerging paradigms such as artificial intelligence, raising concerns about the long-term sustainability of technological advancement. To overcome this limitation, incorporating atomically thin van der Waals materials into electronic devices has been proposed, as their unique structural, electronic and polymorphic properties could enable new mechanisms to enhance device energy efficiency. Here, we discuss fundamental challenges faced by conventional 3D-material-based electronics and present how van der Waals materials can be used to address these limitations for energy-efficient device architectures. We conclude by summarizing the key challenges that remain and outlining strategic directions to bridge the gap between fundamental materials science and practical device applications for sustainable, energy-efficient devices. Emerging applications, including artificial intelligence, are associated with increasing energy consumption, posing fundamental challenges to the long-term sustainability of current electronic devices. This Review discusses key metrics for energy efficiency and explores how the unique structural, electronic and polymorphic properties of van der Waals materials enable new device strategies.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"11 4","pages":"308-327"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modular microrobotics transitioning from remote to on-board electronic control 模块化微型机器人从远程电子控制过渡到车载电子控制

IF 86.2 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00889-w

John S. McCaskill, Vineeth K. Bandari, Saskia Schmidt, Oliver G. Schmidt

{"title":"Modular microrobotics transitioning from remote to on-board electronic control","authors":"John S. McCaskill, Vineeth K. Bandari, Saskia Schmidt, Oliver G. Schmidt","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00889-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00889-w","url":null,"abstract":"Microrobotics has traditionally relied on macroscopic control systems to direct the behaviour of microscopic entities that are too small to act autonomously. Yet in many applications, autonomous action is essential: human intervention is often too imprecise, remote or slow to be practical. In this Review, we illuminate the field of modular microrobotics, focusing on the opportunities and obstacles in achieving on-board control and autonomy. Advances in scalable methods to integrate electronics into 3D microscopic structures have finally enabled mass production and systematic downscaling of microrobots (≤1 mm), with the convergence of information processing and material fabrication technologies making on-board electronics feasible at this size, even within complex forms with interior vessels. These developments promise to disrupt current approaches based as a whole on larger, externally controlled marionette microrobots by delivering true microrobots down to the scale of biological cells. Self-assembling autonomous microrobots equipped with high-density on-board electronics are now technologically within reach, bringing learning capabilities and the coevolution of morphology and control to modular microrobotic systems. Challenges in integrating on-board electronic control have long prevented microrobots from achieving complex autonomy at small scales, leaving applications dependent on simpler, externally controlled particles. This Review examines recent developments in scaling modular microrobots down towards cellular scales.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"11 5","pages":"393-412"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Next-generation anodes for high-energy and low-cost sodium-ion batteries 用于高能低成本钠离子电池的下一代阳极

IF 86.2 1区材料科学

Nature Reviews Materials Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00857-4

Wenhua Zuo, Zaichun Liu, Andrew Dopilka, Ziqi Yang, Yuqi Li, Joseph Kubal, Haegyeom Kim, Fang Liu, Ping Liu, Anh T. Ngo, Johanna Nelson Weker, Zonghai Chen, Robert Kostecki, Julie Wulf-Knoerzer, Venkat Srinivasan, Yi Cui, Khalil Amine, Gui-Liang Xu

{"title":"Next-generation anodes for high-energy and low-cost sodium-ion batteries","authors":"Wenhua Zuo, Zaichun Liu, Andrew Dopilka, Ziqi Yang, Yuqi Li, Joseph Kubal, Haegyeom Kim, Fang Liu, Ping Liu, Anh T. Ngo, Johanna Nelson Weker, Zonghai Chen, Robert Kostecki, Julie Wulf-Knoerzer, Venkat Srinivasan, Yi Cui, Khalil Amine, Gui-Liang Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00857-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00857-4","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) are increasingly becoming commercially viable alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), driven by sodium’s lower cost and greater resource availability. However, current NIB technology still falls short of established LIB systems, such as those based on LiFePO4, in both cost efficiency and energy density. Although since the early 2020s, industrial advances have raised NIB energy densities to around 175 Wh kg−1, performance remains limited by the relatively low specific capacity (typically 200–350 mAh g−1) and low tap density (0.3–1.0 g cm−3) of the prevailing hard carbon anodes. This Review analyses emerging anode materials that could unlock higher-energy and lower-cost NIBs, with a focus on high-capacity hard carbon and alloy-based systems. We discuss the latest progress, fundamental challenges and future directions in these anode materials across the key themes of electrode design, structure–property engineering and characterization. By offering forward-looking insights into the rational design and optimization of anode materials, this Review aims to accelerate the research and development of commercially viable NIBs and support the broader advancement of energy storage technologies. Sodium-ion batteries are promising low-cost alternatives to lithium-ion systems yet limited by underperforming anodes. This Review highlights advances and challenges in hard carbon and alloy-based anodes, outlining design strategies to boost capacity, stability and commercial viability of next-generation high-energy sodium-ion batteries.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"11 2","pages":"117-135"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0