Kangsan Kim, Jihyun Kim, Myeongjin Jung, In Soo Kim, Byoung-Soo Yu, Sang Min Won, Donghee Son, Heng Li, Zdeněk Sofer, Do Kyung Hwang, Deep Jariwala, Joohoon Kang
{"title":"Sub-stoichiometric zirconium oxide as a solution-processed dielectric for reconfigurable electronics","authors":"Kangsan Kim, Jihyun Kim, Myeongjin Jung, In Soo Kim, Byoung-Soo Yu, Sang Min Won, Donghee Son, Heng Li, Zdeněk Sofer, Do Kyung Hwang, Deep Jariwala, Joohoon Kang","doi":"10.1038/s41928-025-01379-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41928-025-01379-1","url":null,"abstract":"Reconfigurable devices that can switch functionalities could be used to overcome the limitations of miniaturized metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors. Conventional approaches typically involve the partial electrostatic modulation of two-dimensional semiconductors and use partial floating gates or dual-gate structures. Reconfigurable devices based on vertical van der Waals heterostructures have much simpler device structures, but lack a scalable assembly method. Here, we report a scalable reconfigurable device based on solution-processed van der Waals heterostructures. We vertically assemble thin films of sub-stoichiometric zirconium oxide (ZrO2-x) as a dielectric and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as a semiconductor layer. The ZrO2-x/MoS2 heterostructure provides simultaneous global and local gating within a single-gate transistor configuration, modulating the spatial electric field across the device in a reconfigurable manner. Under global gating conditions, the devices function as uniform field-effect transistors with an average field-effect mobility of 10 cm2 V−1 s−1 and current on/off ratio of up to 106. Under local gating conditions, the devices function as diodes, exhibiting a current rectification ratio of around 7 × 104. By harnessing the reconfigurable characteristics, we achieve adjustable temporal photoresponse dynamics with a photoresponsivity of around 105 A W−1, high spatial uniformity and multi-spectral photodetection. We also use the approach to create a large-area reconfigurable optoelectronics array. Devices based on a vertical van der Waals heterostructure of solution-processed zirconium oxide and molybdenum disulfide can reconfigure between transistor and diode modes, and be fabricated on the wafer-scale.","PeriodicalId":19064,"journal":{"name":"Nature Electronics","volume":"8 6","pages":"461-473"},"PeriodicalIF":40.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143910088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Scaling up superconducting quantum computers","authors":"Anthony Megrant, Yu Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41928-025-01381-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41928-025-01381-7","url":null,"abstract":"Superconducting qubits could be used to build a fault-tolerant quantum computer. But such a device will require millions of components, and various fundamental challenges remain to be addressed. Success will depend on sustained collaboration between industry and academia.","PeriodicalId":19064,"journal":{"name":"Nature Electronics","volume":"8 7","pages":"549-551"},"PeriodicalIF":40.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A spotlight on optoelectronics","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41928-025-01387-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41928-025-01387-1","url":null,"abstract":"The latest advances in optoelectronic devices are helping to increase the response speed of displays and improve synchronization across computing networks.","PeriodicalId":19064,"journal":{"name":"Nature Electronics","volume":"8 4","pages":"289-289"},"PeriodicalIF":40.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41928-025-01387-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Youjin Reo, Taoyu Zou, Taesu Choi, Soonhyo Kim, Ji-Young Go, Taewan Roh, Hyoungha Ryu, Yong-Sung Kim, Ao Liu, Huihui Zhu, Yong-Young Noh
{"title":"Vapour-deposited high-performance tin perovskite transistors","authors":"Youjin Reo, Taoyu Zou, Taesu Choi, Soonhyo Kim, Ji-Young Go, Taewan Roh, Hyoungha Ryu, Yong-Sung Kim, Ao Liu, Huihui Zhu, Yong-Young Noh","doi":"10.1038/s41928-025-01380-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41928-025-01380-8","url":null,"abstract":"Solution-processed tin (Sn2+)-halide perovskites can be used to create p-channel thin-film transistors (TFTs) with performance levels comparable with commercial low-temperature polysilicon technology. However, high-quality perovskite film deposition using industry-compatible production techniques remains challenging. Here we report the fabrication of p-channel Sn2+-halide perovskite TFTs using a thermal evaporation approach with inorganic caesium tin iodide (CsSnI3). We use lead chloride (PbCl2) as a reaction initiator that triggers solid-state reactions of the as-evaporated perovskite compounds. This promotes the conversion of dense and uniform perovskite films, and also modulates the intrinsically high hole density of the CsSnI3 perovskite channels. Our optimized TFTs exhibit average hole field-effect mobilities of around 33.8 cm2 V−1 s−1, on/off current ratios of around 108, and large-area fabrication uniformity. The devices also exhibit improved stability compared with solution-deposited devices. Using a thermal evaporation approach and lead chloride (PbCl2) as a reaction initiator, caesium tin iodide (CsSnI3)-based p-channel thin-film transistors can be fabricated that exhibit average hole field-effect mobilities of around 33.8 cm2 V−1 s−1 and improved stability compared with solution-deposited devices.","PeriodicalId":19064,"journal":{"name":"Nature Electronics","volume":"8 5","pages":"403-410"},"PeriodicalIF":40.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41928-025-01380-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Monitoring physical and mental activities with skin conductance","authors":"Shenghan Wang, Guihuan Guo, Sheng Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41928-025-01373-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41928-025-01373-7","url":null,"abstract":"A skin conductance sensor with a water-permeable, micro-lace electrode can be used to continuously monitor daily activities.","PeriodicalId":19064,"journal":{"name":"Nature Electronics","volume":"8 4","pages":"294-295"},"PeriodicalIF":40.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143827192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lighting up the clock rate in electronics","authors":"Victor Torres-Company","doi":"10.1038/s41928-025-01367-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41928-025-01367-5","url":null,"abstract":"On-chip microcombs could be used to synchronize optoelectronic systems.","PeriodicalId":19064,"journal":{"name":"Nature Electronics","volume":"8 4","pages":"292-293"},"PeriodicalIF":40.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modulation of the anomalous Hall angle in a magnetic topological semimetal","authors":"Jinying Yang, Yanxing Shang, Xingchen Liu, Yibo Wang, Xuebin Dong, Qingqi Zeng, Meng Lyu, Shen Zhang, Yang Liu, Binbin Wang, Hongxiang Wei, Yizheng Wu, Stuart Parkin, Gangqin Liu, Claudia Felser, Enke Liu, Baogen Shen","doi":"10.1038/s41928-025-01364-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41928-025-01364-8","url":null,"abstract":"The anomalous Hall angle (θA) is a measure of the efficiency of converting a longitudinal driving current into a transverse spin-polarized Hall current. In sensors based on the anomalous Hall effect, a large anomalous Hall angle can improve the sensitivity of magnetic field detection. However, the modulation of this angle is challenging, and magnetic materials typically have low angles of 0.1°–3°. Here we report the modulation of θA in the magnetic Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2. We show that the anomalous Hall angle parameter tanθA can be formulated as a function of the product of electrical resistivity and anomalous Hall conductivity. We use this scheme to demonstrate the modulation of tanθA up to a magnitude of 0.46, corresponding to an angle of around 25°. We further fabricate anomalous Hall devices using Fe-doped Co3Sn2S2 single-crystalline nanoflakes and demonstrate a Hall sensitivity of 7,028 ± 341 μΩ cm T–1 and a magnetic field detectability of 23.5 ± 1.7 nT Hz–0.5 at 1 Hz. The anomalous Hall angle parameter tanθA can be formulated as a function of the product of electrical resistivity and anomalous Hall conductivity, a scheme that allows the anomalous Hall angle in the magnetic Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2 to be increased to 25°.","PeriodicalId":19064,"journal":{"name":"Nature Electronics","volume":"8 5","pages":"386-393"},"PeriodicalIF":40.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143758372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}