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Small language models in medicine 医学中的小语言模型
IF 26.3 1区 医学
Nature Biomedical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-07-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-026-01734-3
Yiming Qin, Tao Yan, Matthew Yu Heng Wong, Sahana Srinivasan, Hong-Yu Zhou, Roland Eils, Yih-Chung Tham, Nigam H. Shah, Jiamin Wu, Haibo Wang, Tien Yin Wong
{"title":"Small language models in medicine","authors":"Yiming Qin, Tao Yan, Matthew Yu Heng Wong, Sahana Srinivasan, Hong-Yu Zhou, Roland Eils, Yih-Chung Tham, Nigam H. Shah, Jiamin Wu, Haibo Wang, Tien Yin Wong","doi":"10.1038/s41551-026-01734-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41551-026-01734-3","url":null,"abstract":"Small language models can serve as a more scalable, practical and efficient alternative for medical applications compared to large language models. Here we discuss the strengths and limitations, challenges and future directions of small language models in healthcare implementation, highlighting their potential to enable broader real-world adoption across diverse clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":19063,"journal":{"name":"Nature Biomedical Engineering","volume":"10 8","pages":"1519-1523"},"PeriodicalIF":26.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148432112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Large-scale multi-sequence pretraining for generalizable MRI analysis in versatile clinical applications 大规模多序列预训练在通用MRI分析中的临床应用
IF 28.1 1区 医学
Nature Biomedical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-07-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-026-01740-5
Zelin Qiu, Xi Wang, Zhuoyao Xie, Juan Zhou, Yu Wang, Lingjie Yang, Xinrui Jiang, Juyoung Bae, Moo Hyun Son, Qiang Ye, Dexuan Chen, Rui Zhang, Tao Li, Neeraj Ramesh Mahboobani, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Xiaohui Duan, Yinghua Zhao, Hao Chen
{"title":"Large-scale multi-sequence pretraining for generalizable MRI analysis in versatile clinical applications","authors":"Zelin Qiu, Xi Wang, Zhuoyao Xie, Juan Zhou, Yu Wang, Lingjie Yang, Xinrui Jiang, Juyoung Bae, Moo Hyun Son, Qiang Ye, Dexuan Chen, Rui Zhang, Tao Li, Neeraj Ramesh Mahboobani, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Xiaohui Duan, Yinghua Zhao, Hao Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41551-026-01740-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-026-01740-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19063,"journal":{"name":"Nature Biomedical Engineering","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":28.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148432111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence in medicine 医学中的神经符号人工智能。
IF 26.3 1区 医学
Nature Biomedical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-07-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-026-01728-1
Matthew Yu Heng Wong, Jasmine Chiat Ling Ong, Nigam Shah, David C. Klonoff, Bin Sheng
{"title":"Neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence in medicine","authors":"Matthew Yu Heng Wong, Jasmine Chiat Ling Ong, Nigam Shah, David C. Klonoff, Bin Sheng","doi":"10.1038/s41551-026-01728-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41551-026-01728-1","url":null,"abstract":"Neuro-symbolic approaches may address long-standing limitations in biomedical artificial intelligence by integrating data-driven inference with explicit clinical knowledge to improve safety, transparency and accountability.","PeriodicalId":19063,"journal":{"name":"Nature Biomedical Engineering","volume":"10 8","pages":"1507-1512"},"PeriodicalIF":26.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148422809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Single-particle imaging reveals lung functional heterogeneity in alveoli. 单颗粒显像显示肺泡内肺功能的异质性。
IF 28.1 1区 医学
Nature Biomedical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-07-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-026-01707-6
{"title":"Single-particle imaging reveals lung functional heterogeneity in alveoli.","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41551-026-01707-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-026-01707-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19063,"journal":{"name":"Nature Biomedical Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":28.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148415909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Author Correction: The softness of tumour-cell-derived microparticles regulates their drug-delivery efficiency 作者更正：肿瘤细胞来源的微颗粒的柔软性调节其给药效率。
IF 26.3 1区 医学
Nature Biomedical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-07-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-026-01752-1
Qingle Liang, Nana Bie, Tuying Yong, Ke Tang, Xiaolong Shi, Zhaohan Wei, Haibo Jia, Xiaoqiong Zhang, Haiyan Zhao, Wei Huang, Lu Gan, Bo Huang, Xiangliang Yang
{"title":"Author Correction: The softness of tumour-cell-derived microparticles regulates their drug-delivery efficiency","authors":"Qingle Liang, Nana Bie, Tuying Yong, Ke Tang, Xiaolong Shi, Zhaohan Wei, Haibo Jia, Xiaoqiong Zhang, Haiyan Zhao, Wei Huang, Lu Gan, Bo Huang, Xiangliang Yang","doi":"10.1038/s41551-026-01752-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41551-026-01752-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19063,"journal":{"name":"Nature Biomedical Engineering","volume":"10 9","pages":"1978-1978"},"PeriodicalIF":26.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41551-026-01752-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148422830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Real-time single-particle imaging of functional lungs reveals mosaic-like patterns of aerosol deposition in alveoli. 功能肺的实时单颗粒成像显示肺泡内气溶胶沉积的马赛克样模式。
IF 28.1 1区 医学
Nature Biomedical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-07-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-026-01724-5
Gabrielle N Grifno,Han Ali Kahvecioglu,Robert LeBourdais,Victoria Travnik,Rohin Banerji,Winita Wangsrikhun,Linzheng Shi,Suleyman B Bozal,Heewon Suh,Ahmed A Raslan,Athanasios Batgidis,Byungjun Kang,Feiyang Deng,Caleb Dalton,Andrew Tsao,Lauren Castle,Kathryn Regan,Abdulrahman Kobayter,Michael Vannini,Mohammad Rashidian,Liang Hao,Giovanni Ligresti,Joseph P Mizgerd,Worth Longest,Michael Hindle,W Mark Saltzman,James P Butler,Béla Suki,Hadi T Nia
{"title":"Real-time single-particle imaging of functional lungs reveals mosaic-like patterns of aerosol deposition in alveoli.","authors":"Gabrielle N Grifno,Han Ali Kahvecioglu,Robert LeBourdais,Victoria Travnik,Rohin Banerji,Winita Wangsrikhun,Linzheng Shi,Suleyman B Bozal,Heewon Suh,Ahmed A Raslan,Athanasios Batgidis,Byungjun Kang,Feiyang Deng,Caleb Dalton,Andrew Tsao,Lauren Castle,Kathryn Regan,Abdulrahman Kobayter,Michael Vannini,Mohammad Rashidian,Liang Hao,Giovanni Ligresti,Joseph P Mizgerd,Worth Longest,Michael Hindle,W Mark Saltzman,James P Butler,Béla Suki,Hadi T Nia","doi":"10.1038/s41551-026-01724-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-026-01724-5","url":null,"abstract":"Inhaled pathogens, pollutants and therapeutics interact with the dynamic architecture of the alveoli, yet how individual particles move and deposit at cellular resolution remains unclear. Here, utilizing the crystal ribcage platform, we track aerosol transport in ex vivo, actively ventilated lungs using real-time fluorescence imaging with single-particle resolution, capturing droplet trajectories, free-flight motion, impact orientation and deposition timescales within functional alveoli. These measurements show that intra-alveolar transport is directional and shaped by airway-guided flow and tissue motion. At larger scales, aerosols do not disperse uniformly throughout the lung's volume but instead concentrate into geometrically constrained clusters of alveoli, forming a conserved mosaic-like compartmentalization while neighbouring alveoli remain largely unexposed. The pattern persists across particle types and species and varies with particle properties and lung age. In models of emphysema, fibrosis and metastasis, airway remodelling alters both the geometry and amount of deposition. These multiscale insights reveal how single-particle transport and airway structure together shape alveolar exposure, immune activation, development and therapeutic accessibility.","PeriodicalId":19063,"journal":{"name":"Nature Biomedical Engineering","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":28.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148408338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Author Correction: Towards clinical-level interpretation of dental panoramic radiography using an instance-guided vision-language model. 作者更正：使用实例引导的视觉语言模型对牙科全景x线摄影进行临床水平的解释。
IF 26.3 1区 医学
Nature Biomedical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-07-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-026-01759-8
Qikui Zhu, Yeyu Lin, Weitao Fu, Wenhui Tang, Jiaxing Li, Ying Zhang, Bo Li, Xiaolong Guo, Fang Wang, Haiyan Qi, Chongke Sun, Xiangkui Zhu, Zhonghao Liu, Li He, Zhiguo Zheng, Bo Du, Jie Yang, Zhuan Bian, Liuyan Meng
{"title":"Author Correction: Towards clinical-level interpretation of dental panoramic radiography using an instance-guided vision-language model.","authors":"Qikui Zhu, Yeyu Lin, Weitao Fu, Wenhui Tang, Jiaxing Li, Ying Zhang, Bo Li, Xiaolong Guo, Fang Wang, Haiyan Qi, Chongke Sun, Xiangkui Zhu, Zhonghao Liu, Li He, Zhiguo Zheng, Bo Du, Jie Yang, Zhuan Bian, Liuyan Meng","doi":"10.1038/s41551-026-01759-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41551-026-01759-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19063,"journal":{"name":"Nature Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148412497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chemically synthesized, non-capped and non-polyadenylated peptide-coding RNA efficiently induces antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. 化学合成的非盖帽和非聚腺苷化的肽编码RNA可有效诱导抗原特异性CD8+ T细胞。
IF 28.1 1区 医学
Nature Biomedical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-07-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-026-01738-z
Julia Frei,David Eisel,Natalia Teresa Jarzebska,Mark Mellett,Ikra Gizem Yener,Marie Therese Abdou,Cécile Gouttefangeas,Lukas Flatz,Mustafa Diken,Thomas M Kündig,Ugur Sahin,Steve Pascolo
{"title":"Chemically synthesized, non-capped and non-polyadenylated peptide-coding RNA efficiently induces antigen-specific CD8+ T cells.","authors":"Julia Frei,David Eisel,Natalia Teresa Jarzebska,Mark Mellett,Ikra Gizem Yener,Marie Therese Abdou,Cécile Gouttefangeas,Lukas Flatz,Mustafa Diken,Thomas M Kündig,Ugur Sahin,Steve Pascolo","doi":"10.1038/s41551-026-01738-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-026-01738-z","url":null,"abstract":"Recombinant in vitro-transcribed mRNA is broadly used for vaccination and is evaluated in numerous clinical studies for multiple indications. Typical features of mRNA are the 5' cap, 5' untranslated region, start and stop codons, 3' untranslated region and 3' poly(A) tail. Here, contrary to current dogma, we show that short, chemically synthesized RNA oligonucleotides lacking some or all of these features are efficiently translated when they encode epitopes recognized by CD8+ T cells. In particular, one design that we termed ChemRNA with the structure 5'-OH-AUG-coding sequence-3'-OH strongly stimulates antigen-specific CD8+ T cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our results challenge the current understanding of canonical mRNA structure and introduce the possibility that defective or supposedly non-coding RNA may encode human and murine major histocompatibility complex class I-associated peptides. Moreover, ChemRNA could help overcome challenges associated with the design and purification of individualized anti-cancer vaccines.","PeriodicalId":19063,"journal":{"name":"Nature Biomedical Engineering","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":28.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148400653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Engineering bispecific antibodies for brain delivery of biotherapeutics in multiple species. 多物种生物治疗药物脑递送工程双特异性抗体。
IF 28.1 1区 医学
Nature Biomedical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-07-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-026-01717-4
{"title":"Engineering bispecific antibodies for brain delivery of biotherapeutics in multiple species.","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41551-026-01717-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-026-01717-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19063,"journal":{"name":"Nature Biomedical Engineering","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":28.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148400654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Author Correction: Rewiring oncogenic signalling to precision ablation of metastatic cancer. 作者更正：重新布线致癌信号以精确消融转移性癌症。
IF 28.1 1区 医学
Nature Biomedical Engineering Pub Date : 2026-07-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-026-01753-0
Xinzhi Zou,Elizabeth Palafox,Cynthia Zhao,Kevin T Beier,Chil-Yong Kang,Michael Z Lin
{"title":"Author Correction: Rewiring oncogenic signalling to precision ablation of metastatic cancer.","authors":"Xinzhi Zou,Elizabeth Palafox,Cynthia Zhao,Kevin T Beier,Chil-Yong Kang,Michael Z Lin","doi":"10.1038/s41551-026-01753-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-026-01753-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19063,"journal":{"name":"Nature Biomedical Engineering","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":28.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148400655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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