Urgent Problems of Europe最新文献_第9页

French-german military cooperation: «Window of opportunities» or movement by inertia? 法德军事合作:“机会之窗”还是惯性运动?

Urgent Problems of Europe Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31249/ape/2019.04.10

A. Sidorov, I. Ran

引用次数: 0

Soft law to protection from COVID-19 : comparative approaches in the national legal regulation of the pandemic by the member states of the European Union 防范COVID-19的软法律:欧洲联盟成员国对大流行病的国家法律监管的比较方法

Urgent Problems of Europe Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31249/ape/2022.01.04

E. Alferova

{"title":"Soft law to protection from COVID-19 : comparative approaches in the national legal regulation of the pandemic by the member states of the European Union","authors":"E. Alferova","doi":"10.31249/ape/2022.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31249/ape/2022.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 has resulted in the unprecedented closure of borders and the blocking of cities and regions, it has taken millions of lives, created an emergency situation in public health and administrative management. In order to respond to the coronavirus pandemic in a timely manner and apply unified approaches to its «taming», the EU institutions and public authorities of national member states, in addition to the current legislative acts, have widely used such legal regulators of public life and administrative management as soft law. With the use of circulars, instructions, guidelines and other acts of soft law, the rules of behavior of the population and its individual groups in a pandemic began to be urgently introduced, the procedure for vaccination and remote work and education were explained. Acts of soft law, which, according to the theory of law, are not binding, on the one hand, have become an internal guide to the actions of authorities to organize the management of subordinate infrastructure, save the economy, on the other hand, external rules aimed at voluntary compliance with them by residents of cities and settlements (recommendations, appeals, explanations, etc.). Main strategies of the EU member states in the application of soft law measures are aimed at saving human life, supporting the economy, education and healthcare. Flexible, prompt and unified use of hard and soft law on the territory of the EU member states at the beginning of the pandemic – spring-summer 2020, a period of confusion and emergency, allowed to stabilize the situation, invent a vaccine against COVID-19, open borders and transport links, strengthen the capabilities of medicine and education. This article examines the peculiarities of the application of soft law in some EU member states – Italy, Germany, Hungary, Greece, Sweden – at the first most difficult stages of the pandemic. These countries followed different approaches to combating the pandemic, ranging from complete isolation and the introduction of a «state of siege» in Italy and ending with soft recommendations in Sweden. These differences are not only due to the legal and political traditions of these countries, but also to the specific approaches of those states, reflecting the special conditions they faced at the local level.","PeriodicalId":190632,"journal":{"name":"Urgent Problems of Europe","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128894555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The participation of western states and institu-tions in the stabilization of conflict-generated countries in Asia and Africa (The analytical review) 西方国家和机构参与亚洲和非洲冲突国家的稳定(分析性评论)

Urgent Problems of Europe Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31249/APE/2019.03.12

T. Parkhalina, Inion Ras, P. Trunov, O. Novikova, T. Bitkova, Yulia Shcherbakova, A. Sidorov

引用次数: 0

German participation in the stabilization of conflict-generating states in Asia and Africa 德国参与稳定亚洲和非洲产生冲突的国家

Urgent Problems of Europe Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31249/ape/2019.04.11

P. Trunov, I. Ran

引用次数: 0

CHALLENGES FOR MAINTAINING THE PRESENCE OF THE BUNDESWEHR IN ZONES OF INSTABILITY IN ASIA AND AFRICA 在亚洲和非洲不稳定地区维持联邦国防军存在的挑战

Urgent Problems of Europe Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31249/ape/2022.04.07

P. Trunov

{"title":"CHALLENGES FOR MAINTAINING THE PRESENCE OF THE BUNDESWEHR IN ZONES OF INSTABILITY IN ASIA AND AFRICA","authors":"P. Trunov","doi":"10.31249/ape/2022.04.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31249/ape/2022.04.07","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, there are two main forms of a state’s military presence outside its national borders: first, military presence on the territory of allies, strategic partners from among stable countries, and second, various ways of using the armed forces to resolve armed conflicts in areas of instability. In the second case, if and then military confrontation is over, external players can maintain their military presence in the country of origin of the conflict, which is about to enter or has already entered the stage of post-conflict development, preserving the role of external guarantors of its national security and defense systems. The goal of the article is to show the main results of the use of the Bundeswehr in the zones of armed conflicts in Asia and Africa by the early 2020 s, revealing the features and «bottlenecks» of this process in dynamics. The article analyzes the use of the Bundeswehr in the following areas: in Afghanistan, examines Germany’s involvement in the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) and the NATO «Resolute Support» mission, showing the determinism of the forced strategic exit of the Alliance forces from this country; in the Middle East, examines the involvement of the Bundeswehr in the reform of the security sector in Lebanon and Iraq in the context of the anti-terrorist struggle is considered, the «bottlenecks» in the use of the military potential of the Bundeswehr in Syria; in the Horn of Africa, analyses three strategic attempts of Germany to gain a foothold on Somalia as well as their consequences for using the Bundeswehr on the African continent in general; in North and West Africa, the use of military tools for «fencing» of instability zone in Libya and for resolution of armed conflict in Mali are compared, the fundamental difficulties of maintaining Germany in this region are revealed.","PeriodicalId":190632,"journal":{"name":"Urgent Problems of Europe","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133501222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"DICTATE OF PARLIAMENT"? ON THE FOREIGN POLICY ROLE OF THE US CONGRESS UNDER D. TRUMP ADMINISTRATION “议会的命令”?论特朗普政府下美国国会的外交政策角色

Urgent Problems of Europe Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31249/ape/2023.01.04

引用次数: 0

AFGHANISTAN: FROM "DEMOCRATIC AUTHORITARIANISM" TO AUTHORITARIANISM PER SE 阿富汗:从“民主威权主义”到威权主义本身

Urgent Problems of Europe Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31249/ape/2023.01.10

引用次数: 0

The modification of the US policy in Central and Eastern Europe 美国对中欧和东欧政策的调整

Urgent Problems of Europe Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31249/ape/2019.01.08

I. Loshkarev

引用次数: 1

"END OF HISTORY" AND THE POST-SOVIET COUNTRIES OF EASTERN EUROPE: WHAT CAME WRONG? “历史的终结”和东欧后苏联国家:哪里出了问题?

Urgent Problems of Europe Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31249/ape/2023.01.09

引用次数: 0

Eastern Europe in the context of European integration 东欧在欧洲一体化的背景下

Urgent Problems of Europe Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31249/ape/2019.03.01

L. Shanshieva, I. Ran

{"title":"Eastern Europe in the context of European integration","authors":"L. Shanshieva, I. Ran","doi":"10.31249/ape/2019.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31249/ape/2019.03.01","url":null,"abstract":". In the introduction general problems of Eastern European countries integration into the EU and NATO are analyzed. The author shows current tendencies of political and economic development of individual states and the features of geopolitical processes in the region during the second decade of the XXI century. The key scientific research methods are the forecasting and as well as comparative analysis. The author pays attention to both positive and negative results of Eastern European countries’ membership in the EU and NATO. The experience of such membership gives huge volumes of materials for scientific researches, including generalization. The scientific paper distinguishes initial factors which have impact over rapidness and results of individual Eastern European states’ integration, the role of political leaders in the relations with other EU member states and the EU officials. The paper considers subregional state alliance (for example Visegrad Four). The paper confirms the thesis of the EU skepticism growing in the societies of Eastern European states, which is connected with the results of integration in the EU (the crisis of expectations). The research analyzes the growth of high-radical and populist moods in Eastern European countries. The reasons of these tendencies are crisis phenomenon such as quoting of immigrants from Africa and Middle East among the EU member states, the differences of the life standards among old and new EU member states. The paper underlines the tendency of distancing of Eastern European states from Russia and also the growth of contradictions between them which have conditioned the NATO enlargement to eastern direction. It means the differences of geopolitical landscape in modern Europe. The paper also explores the dynamics of old NATO member states participation in ensuring security of","PeriodicalId":190632,"journal":{"name":"Urgent Problems of Europe","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127752645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1