Mycotoxin Research最新文献_第2页

On-farm evaluation of aflatoxin binder inclusion in dairy feed as a strategy to reduce milk aflatoxin M1 contamination in the Rwandan context. 在卢旺达情况下，对奶牛饲料中含有黄曲霉毒素粘结剂作为减少牛奶黄曲霉毒素M1污染战略的农场评价。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Mycotoxin Research Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00576-9

Kizito Nishimwe, Erin Bowers, Dirk E Maier

{"title":"On-farm evaluation of aflatoxin binder inclusion in dairy feed as a strategy to reduce milk aflatoxin M1 contamination in the Rwandan context.","authors":"Kizito Nishimwe, Erin Bowers, Dirk E Maier","doi":"10.1007/s12550-024-00576-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12550-024-00576-9","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxins (AF), fungal metabolites, can contaminate feed in favorable environments, posing health risks to humans and animals. Dairy cows exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) excrete its metabolite, aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), in milk, compromising its safety. The current study examined the use of an AF binder in dairy feed concentrates on farms in Rwanda to mitigate AFM1 in milk. It was conducted in Nyagatare district, peri-urban areas of Kigali (Center), and Huye district (South) with 42 farmers randomly selected from a previous study evenly divided into control and intervention groups. The intervention group received an AF binder (Novasil™ Plus) and training on both the usage of the binder and AF prevention in dairy feed. Sociodemographic and dairy management data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires. Farmers in both the treatment and control groups were visited at regular intervals over a 3-month time period (five total visits per farmer) to collect samples of milk and feed for the quantification of AFM1 and AFB1, respectively, and to interview participants. The use of the AF binder evidenced a significant reduction in milk AFM1 contamination between the intervention (mean, 0.15 µg/l; median, 0.13 µg/l) and control groups (mean, 0.30 µg/l; median, 0.24 µg/l) (p < 0.05). AFB1 was detected in the feed concentrate at a mean concentration of 32.2 µg/kg (median, 36.2 µg/kg); however, mean AFM1 levels in both groups (i.e., control and intervention) did not exceed the Rwanda Standards Board (RSB) regulatory limit of 0.5 µg/kg AFM1. AF binders show potential as a low-cost strategy to reduce AFM1 contamination in the Rwandan context. However, there is a need for clear standards on the registration and use of binders before they are deployed in-country and to claim their mitigating effects on AFM1 in milk.","PeriodicalId":19060,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxin Research","volume":" ","pages":"207-214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The spinal consequences of HT-2 toxin and selenium deficiency during bone maturation in mice. HT-2毒素和硒缺乏对小鼠骨骼成熟过程中脊柱的影响

IF 2.6 4区医学

Mycotoxin Research Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00554-1

Shuichu Hao, Cong Yao, Peilin Meng, Yumen Jia, Liu Li, Chun Zhang

{"title":"The spinal consequences of HT-2 toxin and selenium deficiency during bone maturation in mice.","authors":"Shuichu Hao, Cong Yao, Peilin Meng, Yumen Jia, Liu Li, Chun Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12550-024-00554-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12550-024-00554-1","url":null,"abstract":"In our investigation, we probed the ramifications of low selenium diets and HT-2 mycotoxin exposure on spinal development and structural fidelity in murine models. A cohort of 48 male mice was segregated into six groups: a control set, a singular low selenium diet group, two cohorts exposed to distinct concentrations of HT-2 toxin (1.6 and 3.2 mg/kg·bw·d), and two assemblies subjected to a confluence of low selenium intake and each designated HT-2 dosage. Across an 8-week investigative period, parameters such as body mass, markers of bone metabolism, and cellular vigor were assiduously monitored. Analytical techniques encompassed biomechanical assessments, X-ray scrutiny, and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) evaluations. Our results unveiled a dose-dependent diminution in the body mass of mice exclusively exposed to HT-2 toxin, whereas concurrent exposure to both low selenium and HT-2 toxins elicited a synergistic effect. Pertinent shifts were observed in calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D concentrations, as well as in the operational dynamics of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, aligning with toxin dosage and combined exposure. Variations in biomechanical attributes were also discerned, mirroring the levels of toxin exposure. Micro-CT and X-ray examinations further corroborated the extensive detrimental impact on the cortical and trabecular architecture of the mice's spinal columns. This inquiry elucidates the complex synergistic interactions between low selenium and HT-2 mycotoxin on murine spinal development and integrity under co-exposure conditions. These findings accentuate the exigency of comprehensively understanding the solitary and joint effects of these toxins on osseous health, providing pivotal insights for future toxicological research and public health strategies.","PeriodicalId":19060,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxin Research","volume":" ","pages":"77-91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142470721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of zearalenone in sugar beet products on zootechnical and reproductive performance and lesions of sows and piglets. 甜菜产品中的玉米赤霉烯酮对母猪和仔猪的繁殖性能和病变的影响。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Mycotoxin Research Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00564-z

A Grümpel-Schlüter, S Kersten, J Kluess, S Lühken, J Saltzmann, A Schubbert, S Büngener-Schröder, S Dänicke

{"title":"Effect of zearalenone in sugar beet products on zootechnical and reproductive performance and lesions of sows and piglets.","authors":"A Grümpel-Schlüter, S Kersten, J Kluess, S Lühken, J Saltzmann, A Schubbert, S Büngener-Schröder, S Dänicke","doi":"10.1007/s12550-024-00564-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12550-024-00564-z","url":null,"abstract":"Following the use of sugar beet pulp that was retrospectively found to be predominantly contaminated with zearalenone (ZEN) in diets of reproducing sows largely exceeding the EU-guidance value for critical ZEN concentration of 0.25 mg/kg, farmers did not report any changes in the reproductive performance of sows. Thus, the aim of the study was to verify this guidance value in a dose-response setup by using sugar beet pulp as a ZEN source hitherto not considered a risky feedstuff additionally characterized by comparatively low levels of deoxynivalenol. A total of 90 sows was equally allocated to one of the three feed groups during experimental lactation 1 and up to 40 days after insemination: CON with a minimal ZEN concentration, ZEN1 with a target concentration of 250 µg ZEN/kg feed, and ZEN2 with a target concentration of 500 µg ZEN/kg feed. Thereafter, all sows received the same feed without ZEN for the rest of gestation, and the following lactation for testing of putative carry-over effects resulting from previous ZEN exposure. Exposure of sows to ZEN with blood serum as an indicator was linearly related to dietary ZEN concentrations. Reproductive and zootechnical performances of sows were only affected by ZEN exposure at weaning weight. Clinical-chemical parameters indicated no clear effect of ZEN exposure. An influence of ZEN on the occurrence of tail and ear injuries (not necrosis) in piglets and lesions on the mammary complexes in sows is possible. The influence of a ZEN concentration above the EU guidance value on the study farm can therefore not be neglected.","PeriodicalId":19060,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxin Research","volume":" ","pages":"47-61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142406631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification and characterization of Morganella morganii strain YC12-C3 and Enterococcus faecalis strain YC12-C10 and elucidation of its deoxynivalenol-degrading potential. 摩根氏菌菌株 YC12-C3 和粪肠球菌菌株 YC12-C10 的鉴定和特征描述及其脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇降解潜力的阐明。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Mycotoxin Research Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00568-9

Jiuchun An, Yefei Chen, Shihua Zhou, Yanping Gao, Changgui Yang, Jinqiang Zhang, Xiaohong Ou, Yanhong Wang, Weike Jiang, Tao Zhou, Qing-Song Yuan

{"title":"Identification and characterization of Morganella morganii strain YC12-C3 and Enterococcus faecalis strain YC12-C10 and elucidation of its deoxynivalenol-degrading potential.","authors":"Jiuchun An, Yefei Chen, Shihua Zhou, Yanping Gao, Changgui Yang, Jinqiang Zhang, Xiaohong Ou, Yanhong Wang, Weike Jiang, Tao Zhou, Qing-Song Yuan","doi":"10.1007/s12550-024-00568-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12550-024-00568-9","url":null,"abstract":"Deoxynivalenol ( DON) is one of the most harmful mycotoxins in food or feed or Traditional Chinese Medicine. An efficient and applicable method for the detoxification of DON is urgently developed. 1152 strains were isolated from the intestinal contents of crucian. Morganella morganii YC12-C3 and Enterococcus faecalis YC12-C10 were screened with the highest degradation rate of DON via HPLC methods. The optimal degradation condition of YC12-C3 and YC12-C10 is co-cultured 24 h and 36 h at 28 ℃ in LB medium with pH 7 and 1.0% inoculation dosage, respectively. LC-MS/MS and 1H NMR results show that YC12-C10 and YC12-C3 can transform DON to 3-deoxy-6-demethanol-DON, a new metabolite biotransformed from DON, by deoxidization at C3 hydroxy and de-methanal reaction at methanol moiety of C6. In addition, the DON-degradation in agricultural material assay showed that YC12-C10 and YC12-C3 can degrade 150 μg·kg-1 DON in Coix lacryma-jobi, with a degradation rate of 68.89% and 59.94%, respectively. This result shows that YC12-C10 and YC12-C3 have a sound efficiency in removing DON ability in Coix lacryma-jobi, providing a new strain resource and application technique for biological detoxification of DON in food or feed or TCM industry.","PeriodicalId":19060,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxin Research","volume":" ","pages":"113-126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142504675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The relationship between aflatoxin M1 and immunoglobulin levels in cows' colostrum. 黄曲霉毒素 M1 与奶牛初乳中免疫球蛋白水平之间的关系。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Mycotoxin Research Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00565-y

Necdet Mutlu, Güler Yenice

{"title":"The relationship between aflatoxin M1 and immunoglobulin levels in cows' colostrum.","authors":"Necdet Mutlu, Güler Yenice","doi":"10.1007/s12550-024-00565-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12550-024-00565-y","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the present research was to assess the amounts of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, and IgM) in cow colostrum samples, as well as their relationship. The sampling involved 90 cows (54 Montofon and 36 Simmental) from 15 independent farms. An appropriate number of samples from the total mixed ration (TMR) used in feeding the cows were collected simultaneously with the colostrum samples. AFB1 in feed, AFM1, and immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, and IgM) levels in colostrum were evaluated using the ELISA method. The AFM1 level in colostrum samples exceeded the maximum allowed values for raw milk. Ig levels were higher in Montofon-breed cows' colostrum than in Simmentals. However, it was determined that neither the breed nor the lactation number significantly affected the colostrum Ig level. It was determined that there was no linear relationship between the number of lactations and immunoglobulin levels or between AFM1 and immunoglobulin levels in colostrum. Similarly, it was determined that there was no linear relationship between the AFB1 level in the feed and the AFM1 level in the colostrum of animals consuming these feeds.","PeriodicalId":19060,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxin Research","volume":" ","pages":"15-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mycotoxins in brewing and malting: is every sample contaminated with mycotoxins? 酿酒和麦芽中的霉菌毒素：是否每个样品都被霉菌毒素污染？

IF 2.6 4区医学

Mycotoxin Research Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00579-6

Marek Pernica, Jan Martiník, Rastislav Boško, Simona Černá, Zdeněk Svoboda, Karolína Benešová, Sylvie Běláková

{"title":"Mycotoxins in brewing and malting: is every sample contaminated with mycotoxins?","authors":"Marek Pernica, Jan Martiník, Rastislav Boško, Simona Černá, Zdeněk Svoboda, Karolína Benešová, Sylvie Běláková","doi":"10.1007/s12550-024-00579-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12550-024-00579-6","url":null,"abstract":"Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi and represent a serious problem for human health. Due to growing interest, various aspects have been widely studied by scientific groups. One of these aspects relates to the food industry and associated beer production. Mycotoxins can be present in the basic raw materials for beer production as well as in brewed beer. Problematic mycotoxins that pose a serious risk of toxicity are aflatoxins especially aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisins (FBs), and zearalenone (ZEN) and its metabolites, deoxynivalenol (DON) including its acetylated forms and also the modified form deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON-3G), T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, and ochratoxin A. The Research Institute of Brewing and Malting has been dealing with the issue of mycotoxins since 2008. This study describes the analysis of the above mycotoxins during 2020-2024 in barley (n = 775), malt (n = 751), and commercially available beers (n = 522) using QuEChERS, immunoaffinity columns, and UPLC-MS/MS. The results showed positive samples of mycotoxins in brewing and malting matrices at the level of micrograms per kilogram (barley, malt) and nanograms per liter for beer. Therefore, it is a residual concentration and the accurate quantitative determination of mycotoxins, correct interpretation of the results in connection with toxicological values, and the maximum permissible levels of mycotoxins play a key role in global food safety and consumer protection.","PeriodicalId":19060,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxin Research","volume":" ","pages":"239-248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142910072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pleurotus spp.-an effective way in degradation mycotoxins? A comprehensive review. Pleurotus spp.--降解霉菌毒素的有效方法？综述。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Mycotoxin Research Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00572-z

Agnieszka Zapaśnik, Marcin Bryła, Barbara Sokołowska, Agnieszka Waśkiewicz

{"title":"Pleurotus spp.-an effective way in degradation mycotoxins? A comprehensive review.","authors":"Agnieszka Zapaśnik, Marcin Bryła, Barbara Sokołowska, Agnieszka Waśkiewicz","doi":"10.1007/s12550-024-00572-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12550-024-00572-z","url":null,"abstract":"Mycotoxins-secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungal species-occur as a global problem in agriculture due to the reduction in crop quality and the negative effects on human and animal health. There is a need to develop environment-friendly methods of detoxification. In recent years, a number of biological methods for the removal/degradation of mycotoxins have been described. One of them-particularly interesting due to its high effectiveness-is mycoremediation, which involves the ability of Pleurotus spp. mushrooms to remove toxic contaminants from the environment and food. Pleurotus spp. biosynthesizes ligninolytic enzymes, such as laccase and manganese peroxidase that are the main factors of enzymatic degradation of various pollutants, including mycotoxins. The degradation process of mycotoxins (especially aflatoxins) with the participation of isolated enzymes reaches approximately 30-100%, depending on the culture conditions, substrate, and mediators used. In the food industry, their application may include, among others, the detoxification of animal feed from mycotoxins or fermentation products (e.g., juices and wines). While these applications are promising, they require further research to expand toxicological knowledge and optimize their use. This review presents current research on this new and very promising topic related to the use of edible Pleurotus spp. mushrooms in the process of biological degradation of toxic fungal metabolites.","PeriodicalId":19060,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxin Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11759470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142624749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mycotoxin concentrations in rice are affected by chalkiness, grain shape, processing type, and grain origin. 大米中的霉菌毒素浓度受垩度、谷粒形状、加工类型和谷粒产地的影响。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Mycotoxin Research Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00575-w

Erasmus N Tang, Sali A Ndindeng, Geoffrey Onaga, Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, Titilayo D O Falade, Rousseau Djouaka, Michael Frei

{"title":"Mycotoxin concentrations in rice are affected by chalkiness, grain shape, processing type, and grain origin.","authors":"Erasmus N Tang, Sali A Ndindeng, Geoffrey Onaga, Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, Titilayo D O Falade, Rousseau Djouaka, Michael Frei","doi":"10.1007/s12550-024-00575-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12550-024-00575-w","url":null,"abstract":"Mycotoxins such as aflatoxins (AFs), fumonisins (FBs), zearalenone (ZEN), and deoxynivalenol (DON) pose a risk to public health due to their carcinogenic potency (AFs and FBs) and anti-nutritional effects. The hazards associated with mycotoxins are accentuated where food management practices, control, and regulatory systems from farm to plate are sub-optimal. Information on the frequency of these mycotoxins in rice commercialized in markets in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) is limited. The current study examined AF concentrations in 527 rice samples collected from 54 markets in five SSA countries. Grain quality characteristics, processing methods, and origin of samples were contrasted with toxin levels. In total, 72% of the samples had detectable AFs levels (range = 3.0 to 89.8 µg/kg). Forty-seven percent (47%) of the samples had AFs above 4 µg/kg, the European Union maximum level (ML), and were evaluated for cooccurrence with FBs, ZEN, and DON. Total AFs and ZEN cooccurred in 40% of the samples, and 30% of the positive ZEN samples had concentrations above the ML of 75 µg/kg. Total AFs did not co-occur with FBs and DON. Multivariate analysis revealed that length-to-width ratio (p < 0.0001), mixed variety for width (p = 0.04), and chalkiness (p = 0.009) significantly influenced aflatoxin concentrations. Slender grains had higher AFs concentrations than bold and medium grains (p < 0.0001). Possible strategies to mitigate mycotoxin contamination in rice include improving grain quality traits and practicing proper drying and hermetic storage before and after milling. These findings provide valuable insights for both domestic and international actors in establishing and strengthening regulations and management systems to mitigate rice mycotoxin contamination.","PeriodicalId":19060,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxin Research","volume":" ","pages":"163-177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142730995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aflatoxin awareness and preventive agricultural practices are key to adoption of biocontrol among maize smallholder farmers in Tanzania. 对黄曲霉毒素的认识和预防性农业做法是坦桑尼亚玉米小农采用生物防治的关键。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Mycotoxin Research Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00574-x

Sambwe Fundikira, Rashid Suleiman, Sarah De Saeger, Marthe De Boevre, Martin Kimanya

{"title":"Aflatoxin awareness and preventive agricultural practices are key to adoption of biocontrol among maize smallholder farmers in Tanzania.","authors":"Sambwe Fundikira, Rashid Suleiman, Sarah De Saeger, Marthe De Boevre, Martin Kimanya","doi":"10.1007/s12550-024-00574-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12550-024-00574-x","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus species that infect staple foods like maize causing threat to public health and economic impacts. The use of atoxigenic Aspergillus species is considered one of the promising technologies to prevent aflatoxin contamination in maize. Tanzania approved the use of aflatoxin biocontrol (Aflasafe®) in 2018 and introduced it to eight districts. Adoption and effectiveness of this technology depend on many factors including application of pre- and post-harvest practices. There is scant information on awareness of biocontrol and factors which influence the adoption and effectiveness of this technology. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tanzania to assess awareness and identify factors influencing adoption of the technology. Data was collected from 334 smallholder farmers in Kiteto and Chemba districts and analyzed using SPSS version 20; p-values < 0.05 using a two-tailed test were considered statistically significant. Results indicated 95.4% are not aware and that only 2.7% of the farmers had used biocontrol technology. The use of biocontrol was significantly associated with high income level (p = 0.001) and exposure to print media (p = 0.03) and radio (p = 0.008). The use of hybrid seed (p = 0.01), grazing (p = 0.017), and rotation of crops on yearly basis (p = 0.024) were also significantly associated with the use of biocontrol. Income limits the use of biocontrol, requiring government subsidies for Aflasafe and a premium market for aflatoxin-free maize. Aflatoxin awareness and sensitization on adherence to good pre-harvest practices should be emphasized to enhance adoption of the technology.","PeriodicalId":19060,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxin Research","volume":" ","pages":"179-189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142770693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Monitoring Fusarium toxins from barley to malt: Targeted inoculation with Fusarium culmorum. 监测从大麦到麦芽的镰刀菌毒素：有针对性地接种镰刀菌。

IF 2.6 4区医学

Mycotoxin Research Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00573-y

Eva Maria Biehl, Sarah Schneidemann-Bostelmann, Felix Hoheneder, Stefan Asam, Ralph Hückelhoven, Michael Rychlik

{"title":"Monitoring Fusarium toxins from barley to malt: Targeted inoculation with Fusarium culmorum.","authors":"Eva Maria Biehl, Sarah Schneidemann-Bostelmann, Felix Hoheneder, Stefan Asam, Ralph Hückelhoven, Michael Rychlik","doi":"10.1007/s12550-024-00573-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12550-024-00573-y","url":null,"abstract":"Molds of the genus Fusarium infect nearly all types of grain, causing significant yield and quality losses. Many species of this genus produce mycotoxins, which pose significant risks to human and animal health. In beer production, the complex interaction between primary fungal metabolites and secondarily modified mycotoxins in barley, malt, and beer complicates the situation, highlighting the need for effective analytical methods to quickly and accurately monitor these toxins. We developed and validated a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to simultaneously analyze 14 Fusarium toxins, including modified forms (deoxynivalenol (DON), DON-3-glucoside, 3-acetyl-DON, 15-acetyl-DON, nivalenol, fusarenone X, HT-2 toxin, T-2 toxin, the enniatins A, A1, B, B1, beauvericin, and zearalenone) in barley and throughout the malting process. Stable isotope dilution assays (SIDAs) and matrix-matched calibration were used for quantification. A micro-malting setup was established to produce Fusarium-contaminated barley malt under reproducible conditions using targeted inoculation with F. culmorum. Mycotoxins were quantified throughout the malting process and compared to the content of fungal DNA. Further, the impact of various malting parameters was investigated, thus revealing that different malting scenarios exhibited different toxin enrichment patterns. We demonstrated that mycotoxin concentration and the ratio of DON to DON-3-glucoside changed throughout the malting processes, depending on fungal spore concentrations, germination temperature, and malting temperature. The study highlights the complexity of mycotoxin dynamics in malt production and the importance of optimized processing conditions to minimize toxin levels in final malt products.","PeriodicalId":19060,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxin Research","volume":" ","pages":"215-237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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