Mycotoxin Research最新文献

{"title":"Fungal and multi-metabolite contamination of retailed rice in open markets in two Nigerian States.","authors":"Oluwawapelumi A Oyedele, Muiz O Akinyemi, Michael Sulyok, Shiela Okoth, Rudolf Krska, Chibundu N Ezekiel","doi":"10.1007/s12550-025-00593-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-025-00593-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abtract: </strong>Rice is a significant source of both nutritional and economic sustenance in Nigeria, but contamination by fungi and their toxic metabolites in addition to naturally occurring phytotoxins may pose significant challenges to grain quality and consumer health. This study assessed the safety of 80 rice samples retailed in open markets in two Nigerian states by identifying fungal contaminants using phenotypic and molecular techniques and quantifying the secondary metabolites present in the grains through liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 101 distinct colonies were recovered and identified as nine species belonging to six genera: Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Monascus, Penicillium and Talaromyces. At least one third (30.4%) of the identified species were Aspergillus flavus, while A. montevidensis, Cladosporium halotolerans, Monascus purpureus, Talaromyces islandicus and T. purpureogenus recorded the least incidences of 4.3%. Sixteen mycotoxins and 48 other secondary metabolites including diverse fungal and lichen metabolites, plant toxins and phytoestrogenic phenols were detected in the rice samples. Moniliformin (MON) and beauvericin were the most common mycotoxins, present in 43% of samples, with MON reaching a maximum concentration of 19,391 µg/kg. Aflatoxins contaminated 18% of samples, generally below Nigeria's 10 µg/kg regulatory limit but in one case exceeding the European Union's threshold of 4 µg/kg. This study emphasizes the need to expand chemical contaminant monitoring in foods beyond the regular aflatoxin detection to include a wider spectrum of secondary metabolites and also to comprehensively review and enhance grain handling and retail practices in local/open markets to protect consumer health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19060,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxin Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspergillus species and aflatoxin contamination of tobacco snuff samples sold in some parts of southeastern Nigeria.","authors":"Chinonso Celestina Ugwuanyi, Paul Ekene Chidebelu, Emeka Innocent Nweze","doi":"10.1007/s12550-025-00590-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-025-00590-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several commodities have been frequently reported to be contaminated by aflatoxins, but little is known about aflatoxin accumulation in tobacco snuff frequently consumed globally, especially in Nigeria. Ascertaining their aflatoxin content and by extension, the health implications on those who use these tobacco products are necessary. Snuff samples from 30 vendors in six randomly selected markets were screened for Aspergillus spp. DNA sequencing was used for molecular identification of isolated Aspergillus flavus by amplifying the ITS region of ribosomal DNA using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The isolates were screened for aflatoxin biosynthesis genes such as ver-1, nor-1 and omt-1 genes. Aflatoxin production potentials of the isolates were analyzed using maize kernels and quantified using thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique. The tobacco snuff samples were also analyzed to detect aflatoxins and their accumulation. Forty-two Aspergillus species were recovered and identified. Aspergillus niger (24) was the most common species with an occurrence rate of 57%, followed by Aspergillus fumigatus (13), at 31% occurrence, while only five (12%) Aspergillus flavus were recovered. Out of the three selected genes screened, nor-1 gene was confirmed to be present in the five isolates, whereas ver-1 and omt-1 genes were absent. Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) and aflatoxin B₂ (AFB₂) were detected in both snuff and maize samples, while aflatoxin G₁ (AFG₁) and aflatoxin G₂ (AFG₂) were absent in all samples. This study confirms that most snuff sold in markets are contaminated with toxigenic fungi. Proper production procedure and enhancement in the sanitary standards of markets and vendors will help reduce contaminations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19060,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxin Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The occurrence and human health risk assessment of aflatoxin M₁ in ice cream collected from Iranian market.","authors":"Firouzeh Nazari, Fariba Ebrahimi, Alireza Nezami, Elahe Alavi Razavi, Maryam Kakanj, Adel Mirza Alizadeh, Mir-Jamal Hosseini","doi":"10.1007/s12550-025-00591-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-025-00591-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁), a mono hydroxylated derivative of aflatoxin B₁, can be found in milk and a variety of dairy products. This present study aims to evaluate a selective, accurate, and sensitive method for the determination of AFM₁ in ice cream using immunoaffinity column clean-up followed by a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorescence detector and to evaluate the health risk of AFM₁ in Iran and to determine the effects of different limit levels on the risk control of AFM₁ in ice cream. The HPLC-validated method used for determining of AFM₁ in 128 ice cream samples. AFM₁ was found in 45 samples (35%) with a mean of 20.73 ± 46.58 ng/kg in the range of 2-350 ng/kg. AFM₁ concentration in 12 samples (9.4%) was higher than the maximum permissible level (MPL) set by the European Community and Codex Alimentarius Commission (50 ng/kg), and the level of AFM₁ in 4.7% of the samples was higher than the MPL established in Iran for AFM₁ (100 ng/kg). In addition, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the exposure assessment of AFM₁ by consumption of ice cream by Iranian consumers. The MCS approach revealed that both adults and children have a lower risk of liver cancer due to AFM₁ exposure, but children are more exposed to AFM₁ compared to adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":19060,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxin Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective novel and conventional technologies for decontamination of aflatoxin B₁ in foods: a review.","authors":"Diego Fernando García-Ramón, Heber P Cornelio-Santiago, Edgar Norabuena, Liliana Sumarriva, Hermelinda Alvarez-Chancasanampa, Marlitt Naupay Vega, Alejandrina Sotelo-Méndez, Luis Alfredo Espinoza-Espinoza, Lucia R Pantoja-Tirado, Sara H Gonzales-Agama, Esmila Y Chavarría-Marquez, Cesar Raul Castro-Galarza","doi":"10.1007/s12550-025-00589-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12550-025-00589-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) is a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced by certain filamentous fungi that contaminate agricultural crops. Conventional decontamination methods are still widely used to ensure food safety; however, novel technologies for AFB₁ decontamination, while promising, aim to be efficient, cost-effective, and scalable. This article provides an overview of conventional and novel technologies used over the past decade to achieve AFB₁ decontamination rates of 75% or higher, as well as patents related to aflatoxin decontamination. The results highlight various methods and their effectiveness in decontaminating AFB₁ in rice, barley, maize, peanuts, millet, nuts, sorghum, wheat bran, pistachios, edible oils, dairy products, and certain culture media. Novel technologies include sorbents, cold atmospheric plasma, essential oils, phenolic compounds, and plant extracts, as well as magnetic materials and nanoparticles for AFB₁ decontamination. Limitations associated with conventional methods have driven the search for novel approaches that, while showing great potential, often lack detailed explanations of their mechanisms of action and practical demonstrations on an industrial scale. Cold atmospheric plasma combined with high voltage is believed to hold significant promise for effectively reducing AFB₁ in food while minimizing food residues. The new AFB₁ decontamination methods described in this review can serve as valuable resources for researchers and industry stakeholders; however, further studies are needed to ensure global food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":19060,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxin Research","volume":" ","pages":"301-321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effect of curcumin against endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipid metabolism disorders in AFB1-intoxicated duck liver.","authors":"Qian Su, Hang Pan, Panjing Hong, Yanli You, Yuhan Wu, Junbo Zou, Jingping Sun, Gan Rao, Jianzhao Liao, Zhaoxin Tang, Lianmei Hu","doi":"10.1007/s12550-025-00586-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12550-025-00586-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a stable and highly toxic toxin that causes multi-organ toxicity with sustained ingestion, most typically in the duck liver. Previous research has shown that AFB1 can bring about endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in animals, and ERS is strongly associated with lipid metabolism. However, the relationship between AFB1-induced duck liver toxicity and ERS and lipid metabolism is currently unclear. Great attention has been paid to the prevention and treatment of AFB1 because of its great harm. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol, is notable for its powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Studies have shown curcumin to be protective against afb1-induced avian multi-organ toxicity. However, the effects of curcumin on the liver of ducks exposed to AFB1 are largely unknown. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether AFB1 exposure induces ERS and lipid metabolism disorders in duck liver, while exploring the positive role of curcumin in it. One-day-old ducks (n = 80) were randomly divided in four groups: control group, AFB1 group (0.1 mg / kg.bw AFB1), Cur group (400 mg/kg curcumin), and AFB1 + Cur group (0.1 mg/kg.bw AFB1 + 400 mg/kg curcumin), and blood and liver were collected for the study after 21 days of continuous administration. Our research has found that AFB1 exposure significantly increases the levels of liver function indicators ALP, AST, and ALT in ducks' serum (P < 0.05). Duck liver undergoes fatty degeneration under the influence of AFB1. Under the effect of curcumin, AFB1-induced structural damage in duck liver was somewhat controlled. Further experimental results showed that AFB1 treatment significantly increased the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (P < 0.001), and activated the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. Meanwhile, AFB1 inhibited the LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway and disrupted lipid metabolic homeostasis. And curcumin treatment effectively reversed these changes. Overall, our results suggest that curcumin attenuates AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity in ducks by inhibiting ERS and lipid metabolism disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":19060,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxin Research","volume":" ","pages":"359-372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological properties of activated bentonite vs. non-activated bentonite in mice fed an aflatoxin-contaminated diet: a comparative investigation.","authors":"Faezeh Oskoueian, Seyedeh Fatemeh Hosseini, Hadis Honarvar Seddighian, Sahar Abdi, Yeganeh Jalalian, Yeganeh Babayan Mashhadi, Ehsan Oskoueian, Ehsan Karimi, Mohammad Faseleh Jahromi, Parisa Shokryazdan, Mojtaba Moein Jahromi","doi":"10.1007/s12550-025-00584-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12550-025-00584-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by certain molds, especially Aspergillus species, which are commonly found in nature. These toxins can contaminate animal feed and lead to aflatoxicosis in various livestock species. It has been proposed that using bentonite could help alleviate the symptoms of aflatoxicosis. Recent research, however, has highlighted the importance of the activation process in enhancing bentonite's inhibitory activity against aflatoxicosis. To further investigate this, 40 mice were randomly divided into four dietary groups: a control diet, an aflatoxins-contaminated diet (2 mg/kg), an aflatoxins-contaminated diet supplemented with 2 mg/kg diet and inactive bentonite (5 g/kg diet), and an aflatoxins-contaminated diet supplemented with 2 mg/kg diet and activated bentonite (5 g/kg diet) for 4 weeks. The results demonstrated that bentonite activation improved its specific surface area and total pore volume. Additionally, aflatoxins significantly negatively impacted various parameters such as average daily weight gain, food intake, liver enzymes, serum redox potential, morphometric characteristics of the jejunum, and induced hepatic inflammation. The study found that the dietary addition of both non-activated and activated bentonite significantly improved these parameters. However, activated bentonite displayed greater potency in alleviating the symptoms of aflatoxicosis compared to non-activated bentonite. As a result, it is recommended to use activated bentonite when dealing with aflatoxin contamination in animal diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":19060,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxin Research","volume":" ","pages":"339-348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological approaches for mycotoxin decontamination in foods and feeds to enhance food security: a review.","authors":"Frank Peter Fovo, Daniel George Maeda, Lilian Daniel Kaale","doi":"10.1007/s12550-025-00587-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12550-025-00587-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycotoxins are a major food safety concern due to their impact on human health and the economy. Traditional methods for managing mycotoxin contamination in food are insufficient, particularly when faced with the challenges of co-occurring, modified, and emerging mycotoxins. This review investigates the potential of microbiological decontamination techniques with an emphasis on recent developments in molecular biology, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence (AI). Investigating mycotoxin-degrading microbes, including their metabolic pathways and enzymatic mechanisms, is key to developing effective strategies against mycotoxin contamination. Advanced technologies like next-generation sequencing, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), and nanotechnology enable the engineering, optimization, and validation of crucial decontamination parameters. Furthermore, AI algorithms can predict mycotoxin presence, identify ideal microbial agents, and optimize control conditions. This interdisciplinary approach offers transformative potential for improving mycotoxin decontamination and mitigating its risks in food and feed. The convergence of emerging technologies, such as advancements in molecular biology, nanotechnology, and AI, with microbiological decontamination methods holds immense promise for developing more sustainable and effective approaches to address mycotoxin contamination in the future. This review explores the future of mycotoxin decontamination, emphasizing the need for innovative agricultural practices to ensure food safety and security.</p>","PeriodicalId":19060,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxin Research","volume":" ","pages":"385-404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aqueous Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract in drinking water mitigates aflatoxin B1 toxicity in broilers: effects on performance, biomarker analysis, and liver histology.","authors":"Olugbenga David Oloruntola, Fehintoluwa Stellamaris Oluwaniyi, Samuel Adebowale Adeyeye, Andrew Bamidele Falowo, Olatunji Abubakar Jimoh, Olumuyiwa Joseph Olarotimi, Deborah Adebukola Oloruntola, Clement Oluwafemi Osowe, Francis Ayodeji Gbore","doi":"10.1007/s12550-025-00583-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12550-025-00583-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated aqueous Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract in drinking water as a mitigation strategy against Aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity in broilers, focusing on performance, haematology, serum biochemistry, pro-inflammatory cytokines, cellular stress markers, and liver histology. Two hundred and forty (240) day-old chicks (mixed sex), of the Cobb 500 breed were divided into four groups: control (CONT), AFB1-exposed (AFLB1), and two treatment groups (VE1AF and VE2AF) receiving 0.5 mg/kg AFB1 and Vernonia amygdalina aqueous extract at 1 g/L and 2 g/L, respectively. At 42 days, VE1AF and VE2AF chickens showed higher (P < 0.05) final weights and weight gains than CONT and AFLB1 groups. The red blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin, and white blood cell counts were higher (P < 0.05) in CONT, VE1AF, and VE2AF groups compared to AFLB1. Mean cell volume, and mean cell haemaoglobin were higher (P < 0.05) in AFLB1 and VE2AF. Serum analysis revealed lower (P < 0.05) total protein, globulin, and albumin in AFLB1, which were restored by the extract. The tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and interferon-γ, were elevated (P < 0.05) in AFLB1 but reduced in VE1AF and VE2AF. The heat shock protein 70, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and adiponectin levels were higher (P < 0.05) in AFLB1, but were normalized by the extract in VE1AF and VE2AF. Leptin and triiodothyronine levels were significantly (P < 0.05) better in VE1AF and VE2AF, compared to AFLB1. Liver histology showed reduced inflammation in VE1AF and VE2AF, with near-normal hepatic architecture. In conclusion, Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract effectively counteracts AFB1 toxicity, enhancing overall health and performance in broiler chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":19060,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxin Research","volume":" ","pages":"323-337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodetoxification of both AFB1 and ZEN by Bacillus subtilis ZJ-2019-1 in gastrointestinal environment and in mice.","authors":"Jianwen Wu, Wei An, Zhenlong Wang, Boquan Gao, Jiaxue Wang, Ya Zhao, Bing Han, Hui Tao, Yaping Guo, Jinquan Wang, Xiumin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12550-025-00585-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12550-025-00585-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEN) are the most prevalent mycotoxins in production, posing a serious threat to human and animal health. Therefore, it is very urgent to find a safe and efficient method for the biodegradation of these mycotoxins. Our previous study demonstrated that Bacillus subtilis ZJ-2019-1 moderately degrades both mycotoxins in vitro and ZEN in female gilts. In this study, we assessed the effect of B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1 on AFB1 and ZEN degradation in naturally moldy corn gluten meal in a gastrointestinal environment while also evaluating the cytotoxicity of degradation products using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The efficacy of B. subtilis in degrading mycotoxins was further evaluated by orally administering 5 mg/kg AFB1 and 50 mg/kg ZEN to mice, followed by treatment with B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1 for 15 d. The results showed that B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1 moderately degraded both AFB1 and ZEN present in naturally moldy corn gluten meal in simulated small intestinal fluids, with degradation rates reaching 14.71% for AFB1 and 19.53% for ZEN respectively. Following degradation by B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1, the toxicity of resulting products from both AFB1 and ZEN decreased by 11.68-46.41% and 42.62-59.25%, respectively. Moreover, oral administration of B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1 exhibited remarkable detoxification effects on AFB1 and ZEN in mice, as evidenced by significant restoration of abnormal serum biochemical indices (including aspartate aminotransferase/alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, etc.) and alleviation of liver, intestine, and uterine damage caused by mycotoxins in mice. These findings indicate that B. subtilis ZJ-2019-1 possesses the ability to moderately degrade both AFB1 and ZEN, making it a promising candidate for biodegrading multi-mycotoxin contaminants in food and feed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19060,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxin Research","volume":" ","pages":"349-358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive review for aflatoxin detoxification with special attention to cold plasma treatment.","authors":"Yehia A-G Mahmoud, Nehal E Elkaliny, Omar A Darwish, Yara Ashraf, Rumaisa Ali Ebrahim, Shankar Prasad Das, Galal Yahya","doi":"10.1007/s12550-025-00582-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12550-025-00582-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aflatoxins are potent carcinogens and pose significant risks to food safety and public health worldwide. Aflatoxins include Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), Aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), Aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), Aflatoxin G2 (AFG2), and Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). AFB1 is particularly notorious for its carcinogenicity, classified as a Group 1 human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Chronic exposure to aflatoxins through contaminated food and feed can lead to liver cancer, immunosuppression, growth impairment, and other systemic health issues. Efforts to mitigate aflatoxin contamination have traditionally relied on chemical treatments, physical separation methods, and biological degradation. However, these approaches often pose challenges related to safety, efficacy, and impact on food quality. Recently, cold plasma treatment has emerged as a promising alternative. Cold plasma generates reactive oxygen species, which effectively degrade aflatoxins on food surfaces without compromising nutritional integrity or safety. This review consolidates current research and advancements in aflatoxin detoxification, highlighting the potential of cold plasma technology to revolutionize food safety practices. By exploring the mechanisms of aflatoxin toxicity, evaluating existing detoxification methods, and discussing the principles and applications of cold plasma treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19060,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxin Research","volume":" ","pages":"277-300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12037664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}