mSphere最新文献

{"title":"Isolation of four serotypes of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus from <i>Culicoides</i> spp. and their associated infections in cattle in Yunnan, China.","authors":"Zhenxing Yang, Yuwen He, Jinxin Meng, Susheng Li, Nan Li, Jinglin Wang, Jianling Song","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00274-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/msphere.00274-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) is a noncontagious viral infection transmitted by certain species of the genus <i>Culicoides</i> and has been included on the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) list of diseases affecting domestic and wild ruminants. This study isolated four serotypes of EHDV strains (EHDV-1, -5, -6, and -7) from three <i>Culicoides</i> species collected in Yunnan Province, China. The phylogenetic analysis of Seg-3 revealed that EHDVs can be classified into two groups based on their geographical origins: Eastern and Western. The four isolates examined in this study belong to the Eastern group and are genetically most similar to EHDVs found in Japan and Australia. In the Seg-2 and Seg-6 phylogenetic trees, all EHDV serotypes can be classified into four clusters (Groups A-D). The four strains were categorized into Groups A, B, C, and D and belong to the EHDV-1, -5, -6, and -7 serotypes, respectively. Sero-epidemiological surveys were conducted on cattle in the border areas of China, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam using C-ELISA and neutralization tests. The rate of EHDV antibody positivity ranged from 29.22% to 58.86%, with an average of 43.09%. These surveys also revealed the presence of seven serotypes of EHDV circulating among cattle in these regions, resulting in diverse prevalence rates and spatial distributions. This finding indicates that EHDV circulates among natural vectors and infects local domestic cattle in these areas. The data gathered herein will help monitor the evolutionary characteristics of EHDV and its potential to cause outbreaks in China and neighboring countries.</p><p><strong>Importance: </strong>EHDV is the causative agent of epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD), a viral illness with significant implications for animal welfare, society, and the economy. There are reports of EHDV-1, -6, -7, and -10 serotypes isolated from China, but no reports of EHDV-5 strains have been documented. Here, we report the isolation and identification of four serotypes of EHDV (EHDV-1, -5, -6, and -7) from three <i>Culicoides</i> species (<i>C. tainanus</i>, <i>C. oxystoma</i>, and <i>C. jacobsoni</i>) collected in Yunnan, China. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the four strains of EHDV are most closely related to the Australian and Japanese strains. Sero-epidemiological survey results showed that in the border areas of China, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam, the rate of EHDV antibody positivity ranged from 29.22% to 58.86%, and seven serotypes of EHDVs circulating among cattle in these regions presented diverse prevalence rates and spatial distributions. This finding indicates that EHDV not only circulates among natural vectors but also infects local domestic cattle in these areas and that the EHDVs prevalent in the Asia-Pacific region may share a common gene pool.</p>","PeriodicalId":19052,"journal":{"name":"mSphere","volume":" ","pages":"e0027425"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12379597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered <i>Methylobacterium extorquens</i> grows well on methoxylated aromatics due to its formaldehyde metabolism and stress response.","authors":"Akorede L Seriki, Alexander B Alleman, Tomislav Ticak, Alyssa C Baugh, Jack W Creagh, Christopher J Marx","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00171-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/msphere.00171-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lignin is a vast yet underutilized source of renewable energy. The microbial valorization of lignin is challenging due to the toxicity of its degradation intermediates, particularly formaldehyde. In this study, we engineered <i>Methylobacterium extorquens</i> PA1 to metabolize lignin-derived methoxylated aromatics, vanillate (VA) and protocatechuate (PCA), by introducing the <i>van</i> and <i>pca</i> gene clusters. Compared to <i>Pseudomonas putida</i>, <i>M. extorquens</i> PA1 exhibited better formaldehyde detoxification, enabling robust growth on VA without accumulation of formaldehyde. Genetic analyses confirmed that formaldehyde oxidation and stress response systems, rather than C₁ assimilation, were important for VA metabolism. Additionally, VA and PCA were found to disrupt membrane potential, contributing to their inherent toxicity. Our findings establish <i>M. extorquens</i> PA1 as a promising chassis for lignin valorization and provide a framework for engineering formaldehyde-resistant microbial platforms.IMPORTANCEIn developing biotechnological solutions for a circular economy, it is critical to valorize all parts of renewable resources, such as lignocellulose from vegetative components of agricultural crops and from bioenergy feedstocks. After chemical breakdown, the aromatics arising from lignin present significant challenges for use due to their toxicity. Here, we address one component of this challenge-the methoxy groups that get released as formaldehyde-and show that existing biotechnological platform organisms with strong formaldehyde metabolism, such as <i>Methylobacterium extorquens</i>, can be transformed into highly capable utilizers of methoxylated aromatics.</p>","PeriodicalId":19052,"journal":{"name":"mSphere","volume":" ","pages":"e0017125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12379598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide protects against hypervirulent <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> bloodstream infection and liver injury.","authors":"Zubai Cao, Bao Meng, Jie Chen, Ruomu Ge, Yanyan Liu, Jiabin Li","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00361-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/msphere.00361-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In clinical practice, hypervirulent <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (hvKP) often causes bloodstream infections (BSI) and liver abscesses; however, the mechanism of hvKP-induced liver abscess formation remains unclear. β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) has been reported to have potential therapeutic effects on sepsis, but its impact on hvKP BSI is still unclear. Supplementation with NMN improved the survival rate of hvKP BSI, and the protective effects of NMN disappeared after macrophage depletion. NMN treatment can reduce NF-κB signaling pathway activation in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) after hvKP infection, as well as the transcription of <i>Il6</i>, <i>Il1b</i>, <i>Tnf</i>, and <i>Cxcl2</i>. NMN, combined with antibiotic therapy, blocked the formation of hvKP liver abscesses. The treatment regimen of NMN combined with antibiotics effectively reduced the levels of inflammatory factors in the liver, inhibited the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, and reduced the infiltration of neutrophils into the liver. These results indicate that NMN exerts a protective effect against hvKP BSI by inhibiting excessive inflammatory response, and NMN has therapeutic potential for preventing liver injury caused by hvKP.IMPORTANCEThis study found that β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) can protect mice against hvKP BSI via inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway activation. Supplementing NMN with antibiotic treatment alleviated the inflammatory response of the liver and reduced the formation of liver abscess, providing insight into the mechanism of liver abscess research.</p>","PeriodicalId":19052,"journal":{"name":"mSphere","volume":" ","pages":"e0036125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12379607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of V3-V4 and FL-16S rRNA amplicon sequencing approach for microbiota community analysis of tracheostomy aspirates.","authors":"A Gupta, V S Cooper, A C Zemke","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00388-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/msphere.00388-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory infections pose a significant risk for people requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation, yet limited information exists regarding the complex microbiome dynamics of people with tracheostomies during chronic critical illness. Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) long-read sequencing allows for full-length 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, providing enhanced species-level understanding of the respiratory microbiome. We validated ONT-based FL-16S amplicon sequencing for microbial insights from tracheal aspirates by comparing results with those of Illumina V3-V4 amplicon sequencing. Comparisons were made on a standardized microbial community and tracheal aspirates using multiple DNA extraction kits. Conventional short-read bioinformatic pipelines are suboptimal for processing longer, error-prone ONT reads. The Emu bioinformatics pipeline, specifically designed for ONT FL-16S reads, enhances the accuracy but necessitates validation for tracheal aspirates. In this study, we compared the analysis of FL-16S reads using Emu to the standardized V3-V4 read analysis with QIIME2. Our findings demonstrate that at the same sequencing read depth, FL-16S sequencing analysis with Emu yields comparable alpha and taxonomic diversity metrics, while providing superior species-level resolution compared to V3-V4 amplicon sequencing of tracheal aspirates. Our results show that tracheal aspirates during chronic critical illness are low-diversity samples, with most pathogenic genera represented by a single species. However, members of the oral microbiota <i>Streptococcus</i> and <i>Prevotella</i> are represented by multiple species.</p><p><strong>Importance: </strong>The role of the respiratory microbiome in shaping outcomes for patients with chronic critical illness undergoing prolonged mechanical ventilation via a tracheostomy remains poorly understood, despite its potential to drive infections and complicate recovery. Current methods, such as short-read 16S rRNA sequencing, lack taxonomic resolution to track pathogens at the species level, limiting clinical insights. Our study addresses this gap by validating ONT-based full-length (FL)-16S rRNA sequencing, a method that achieves species-level taxonomic precision critical for analyzing complex respiratory microbiomes. We benchmarked the microbiome composition of tracheal aspirates from ONT FL-16S rRNA workflows against Illumina V3-V4 data to demonstrate that long-read sequencing delivers comparable diversity profiles while resolving species-level diversity of clinically relevant species and microbes associated with the oral microbiome.</p>","PeriodicalId":19052,"journal":{"name":"mSphere","volume":" ","pages":"e0038825"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12379586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 variants in wastewater during periods of low clinical case surveillance in Ethiopia.","authors":"Gebremedhin Gebremicael, Daniel Abera Dinssa, Atsbeha Gebreegziabxier, Yohannes Mengistu, Melak Getu, Dinknesh Chalchisa, Girma Berhanu, Firehiwot Mulugeta, Daniel Melese, Ashley Norberg, Sarah Snyder, Rajiha Abubeker, Saro Abdela, Abebaw Kebede, Abraham Ali, Sofonias K Tessema, Tobias F Rinke de Wit, Gemechu Tadesse, Yenew Kebede, Mesay Hailu, Masresha Tessema, Noah C Hull, Getachew Tollera, Dawit Wolday","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00229-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/msphere.00229-25","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wastewater-based genomic surveillance is a cost-effective approach for tracking outbreaks like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A 2023 study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, revealed two infection waves in March and August, with the latter undetected by clinical surveillance. This study analyzed the viral spread and evolution in the population during periods of low reported cases. Viral concentration was performed following the Ceres Technology protocol, and RNA was extracted using the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit. Quantitative PCR was performed using the TaqPath COVID-19 Kit. Samples with cycle threshold values ≤32 were used for sequencing. Library preparation and sequencing were performed using the Illumina COVIDSeq protocol, and data analysis was conducted using the Freyja pipeline on Terra.bio. SARS-CoV-2 viral load in wastewater began rising on 6 March 2023, peaking on 16 March 2023, before declining until early May 2023. A resurgence occurred from 3 to 21 August 2023. In March 2023, XBB.1.5 (34%), XBB* (20%), and CH.1.1 (15%) were dominant. By April-May 2023, XBB.1.5 rose to 51% but declined to 14% in June 2023, while XBB* increased to 41%. In August 2023, XBB* (52%) and XBB.1.5 (31%) co-dominated. Key spike protein mutations (G142D, V213G, T478K, S494P, S477N) correlated with higher viral loads. Wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 reveals seasonal and behavioral transmission patterns. A March peak linked to XBB.1.5 and XBB* saw XBB.1.5 dominance through May 2023, later declining. An August 2023 resurgence with XBB* co-dominance suggests viral evolution and waning immunity. Key spike mutations correlate with higher viral loads, emphasizing wastewater surveillance's predictive value.IMPORTANCEThis study highlights the critical role of wastewater monitoring in detecting and tracking severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreaks, particularly in regions with limited clinical reporting. Using genomic analysis tools like Freyja enables the detection and monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 variants by untangling mixed signals to track viral evolution and mutations. This unbiased method offers a comprehensive assessment of virus prevalence, including asymptomatic cases, making it a key supplement to clinical surveillance. By addressing gaps and biases in testing, the detection of two distinct viral waves in Addis Ababa, including one missed by patient-based surveillance, underscores the effectiveness of this approach. The shifting dominance of Omicron sub-lineages, such as XBB.1.5 and XBB*, and their spike protein mutations provide essential insights into viral evolution and transmission dynamics. The connection between specific mutations and increased viral loads further suggests potential impacts on viral fitness and transmissibility. These results reinforce the need to integrate wastewater surveillance into public health strategies to support clinical surveillance, enable early detection of emerging vari","PeriodicalId":19052,"journal":{"name":"mSphere","volume":" ","pages":"e0022925"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12379605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A possible turning point for research governance in the life sciences.","authors":"David R Gillum","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00407-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/msphere.00407-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On 5 May 2025, the White House issued Executive Order (EO) 14292, halting federally funded \"dangerous gain-of-function\" research and rescinding the 2024 Dual Use Research of Concern (DURC) and Pathogens with Enhanced Pandemic Potential (PEPP) policy. While intended to strengthen biosafety and biosecurity, the EO introduces vague definitions, an abrupt 120-day policy development deadline, and politically charged rhetoric that could undermine trust and buy-in. Researchers, biosafety professionals, and institutions are left with a biosecurity policy vacuum after this EO, which is creating uncertainty across the scientific enterprise. This perspective considers the EO's implications through empirical findings and practitioner insight and argues for a tiered, adaptive risk governance model grounded in scientific rigor, operational clarity, and institutional expertise to navigate future biosecurity challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":19052,"journal":{"name":"mSphere","volume":" ","pages":"e0040725"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12379582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"mSphere of Influence: Diagnosis of antifungal tolerance and persistence.","authors":"Lei Chen","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00029-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/msphere.00029-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lei Chen works in the field of clinical diagnosis of antifungal tolerance and persistence. In this mSphere of Influence, he reflects on how the papers \"Antifungal tolerance is a subpopulation effect distinct from resistance and is associated with persistent candidemia\" by A. Rosenberg, I. V. Ene, M. Bibi, S. Zakin, et al. (Nat Commun 9:2470, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04926-x) and \"Macrophage internalization creates a multidrug-tolerant fungal persister reservoir and facilitates the emergence of drug resistance\" by A. Arastehfar, F. Daneshnia, N. Cabrera, S. Penalva-Lopez, et al. (Nat Commun 14:1183, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36882-6) impacted his work on the development of diagnostic methods for antifungal tolerance and persistence.</p>","PeriodicalId":19052,"journal":{"name":"mSphere","volume":" ","pages":"e0002925"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12379585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To be or not to be: how does the brain respond to different infectious agents?","authors":"Ushma Ruparel, Christopher J Tonkin","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00326-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/msphere.00326-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> is an apicomplexan parasite that chronically infects approximately 30% of the global population. In healthy adults, infection is typically resolved within a few weeks, resulting in tissue cysts that persist in the central nervous system for the lifetime of the host. In immune-compromised patients, infection can manifest as toxoplasmic encephalitis and blindness. Additionally, there are several neurological and psychiatric associations with toxoplasmosis, including but not limited to epilepsy and bipolar disorder. This commentary reflects on recent work by Johnson and colleagues (H. J. Johnson, J. A. Kochanowsky, S. Chandrasekaran, C. A. Hunter, et al., mSphere 10:e00216-25, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00216-25) investigating the difference in neuronal response to <i>T. gondii</i> compared to neurotropic West Nile and Zika viruses. They identify unique neurological and immune signatures associated with the different infections, as well as overlapping pathways enriched regardless of pathogen type. This study provides insights into host signaling pathways that can be manipulated for therapies against toxoplasmosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19052,"journal":{"name":"mSphere","volume":" ","pages":"e0032625"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12379583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal organoid models as tools to interrogate the physiology of human mucosal tissues and host-microbe interactions.","authors":"J M Lemme-Dumit","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00820-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/msphere.00820-24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intestinal epithelium serves as a critical interface between the external environment and internal tissues, coordinating nutrient absorption, immune defense, and barrier integrity. Discerning the processes that maintain gut homeostasis has been challenging due to the complexity of the intestinal microenvironment and the difficulty in accessing human tissue. The advent of human intestinal organoid technology has transformed the field by providing relevant <i>in vitro</i> models that recapitulate the cellular diversity and function of the gut epithelium. A recent advance involves the integration of immune cells into organoid cultures, enabling the study of epithelial-immune cell interactions in both health and disease. Furthermore, the application of cutting-edge multi-omics approaches, including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, has enabled a deeper understanding of intestinal cell signaling, niche factors, and host-microbe dynamics. These innovations have led to breakthroughs in translational research, particularly in the field of precision medicine. This minireview highlights how intestinal organoids derived from human tissue stem cells, coupled with high-resolution omics technologies, are advancing our knowledge of intestinal physiology, host responses, and disease mechanisms. It also describes the emergence of patient-derived organoids as tools to guide personalized therapeutic strategies for conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and cystic fibrosis. As organoid models continue to evolve, the integration of additional tissue components-such as diverse immune cell lineages, stromal elements, vasculature, neural cells, and microbiota-will more accurately replicate the intricate nature of human physiology and broaden their translational potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":19052,"journal":{"name":"mSphere","volume":" ","pages":"e0082024"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12379590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive characterization of the impairing effects of <i>Nosema bombycis</i> on the host digestive integrity and function.","authors":"Lu Cao, Siying Yin, Dexu Liu, Yunlin Tang, Wenxin Yang, Maoshuang Ran, Jie Chen, Guoqing Pan, Zeyang Zhou, Jialing Bao","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00095-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/msphere.00095-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Nosema bombycis</i> (<i>N. bombycis</i>) infection causes growth retardation and indigestion of silkworms (<i>Bombyx mori</i>). The digestive tract is the primary infection route; thereby, in this study, we comprehensively investigated the disturbances of the digestive tract upon <i>N. bombycis</i> infection. Electron microscopy demonstrated the structure and integrity impairments of the peritrophic membrane and midgut after infection. A quantitative proteomic approach identified approximately 2,893 dysregulated proteins in the midgut after infection. Next, 16S rRNA and ITS analysis of the digestive juice and stool samples revealed that the gut microbiome profiles were significantly disturbed, such as bacterial genus <i>Acinetobacter</i>, <i>Staphylococcus,</i> as well as eukaryotic <i>Penicillium</i>, <i>Chaetasbolisia,</i> and so on. In addition, various digestive enzyme expressions were also disturbed upon <i>N. bombycis</i> infection. More interestingly, we found that chitin deacetylase BmCDA8, one of the top dysregulated host proteins, functioned as the key protective enzyme against <i>N. bombycis</i> since knocking down BmCDA8 leads to increased barrier permeability and higher <i>N. bombycis</i> loads. We also identified 24 <i>N</i>. <i>bombycis</i> proteins that would potentially interact with BmCDA8. Taken together, our investigation will help to fully elucidate the impairing effects of <i>N. bombycis</i> on host and to identify novel pathogen control targets.IMPORTANCEThe digestive tract is the major infection route of many pathogens. A comprehensive view of the impairing effects of <i>N. bombycis</i> on <i>B. mori</i>'s digestive tract integrity, microbiome, and enzyme compositions is greatly needed. Therefore, we applied electron microscopy, quantitative proteomics, and microbiome analysis to clearly demonstrate that <i>N. bombycis</i> infections did impair host intestinal integrity, changed the gut microbiome composition, and dysregulated digestive enzymes. Interestingly, we found that the chitin deacetylase of <i>B. mori</i> exerts an essential protective role, and <i>N. bombycis</i> effector proteins may interact directly with it to facilitate the impairing effects. Our findings provide a comprehensive view and decode the phenomena of silkworm indigestion and growth retardation after <i>N. bombycis</i> infection and will provide potential targets for disease prevention and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":19052,"journal":{"name":"mSphere","volume":" ","pages":"e0009525"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12379596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}