Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine最新文献

{"title":"Hypoxia-responsive theranostic nanoplatform with intensified chemo-photothermal/photodynamic ternary therapy and fluorescence tracing in colorectal cancer ablation","authors":"Yue Wu PhD,&nbsp;Yuhang Hu PhD,&nbsp;Boya Chen PhD,&nbsp;Luyin Liang PhD,&nbsp;Xiaonan Ma PhD,&nbsp;Ninghua Tan PhD,&nbsp;Yongrong Yao PhD,&nbsp;Huachao Chen PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photothermal therapy (PTT) is an emerging cancer therapeutic modality displaying the great potential to clinical patients. However, the conventional PTT is suffering from restrictions of heat resistance of tumor cells (<em>e.g.</em> the overexpression of heat shock proteins, HSPs) and adverse effects to normal cells. To break the shackles, herein, a hypoxia-responsive theranostic nanoplatform (GA/BN LIP) was designed for achieving synergistic chemotherapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), and photodynamic therapy (PDT) through overcoming heat-shock response, while enabling fluorescence tracing. The GA/BN LIP consisted of a hypoxia-responsive liposomal material (DSPE-AZO-PEG) as the shell, surface-functionalized with cRGD peptides targeted binding to integrin α_Vβ₃ receptor expressed in tumors. The GA/BN LIP co-delivered gambogic acid (GA) as HSP90 inhibitor and hypoxia-responsive photosensitizer Bcy-NO₂. After GA/BN LIP entering tumor cells by integrin α_Vβ₃ receptor-mediated endocytosis, drugs were specifically released in response to hypoxic conditions due to lysis of liposomes. GA not only directly killed tumor cells to realize chemotherapy, but also sensitized tumor cells to PTT by downregulating HSP90 protein expression, meantime Bcy-NO₂ targeted mitochondria for combined PTT and PDT. Intriguingly, the reduction of Bcy-NO₂ by nitroreductase (NTR) resulted in the restoration of fluorescence, achieving real-time monitoring of the theranostic process in live cells. In conclusion, this theranostic system, designed to target the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, utilized a sensitization mechanism to enhance the synergistic effects of chemo/PTT/PDT therapy, resulting in improved antitumor efficacy in both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102816"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain peptides modified exosome-mediated drug delivery system for adriamycin-induced nephropathy treatment","authors":"Lishan Tan PhD. ,&nbsp;Huisong Zhou M.M. ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Lai M.M. ,&nbsp;Guang Yang PhD. ,&nbsp;Fengping Zheng PhD. ,&nbsp;Fei Xiao M.M. ,&nbsp;Zuying Xiong PhD. ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Huang PhD. ,&nbsp;Zibo Xiong M.M.","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mitigation of adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy remains a significant challenge in clinical management. Brain-targeted administration of losartan demonstrates comparable nephroprotective effects at a 1:500 concentration relative to gavage administration. This study established an exosome-based nano-delivery platform (ExoACP) to reduce drug dosage for alleviating ADR-induced nephropathy. The platform was rigorously tested for toxicity and blood-brain barrier penetration. Additionally, the role and possible mechanism of ExoACP-Los in alleviating ADR-induced nephropathy in mice were investigated. ExoACP showed enhanced penetration in brain microvascular endothelial cells, with a 7.20-fold increase in uptake. In the ADR model, ExoACP-Los exhibited anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects by downregulating the renin-angiotensin system, reducing extracellular matrix deposition by nearly half. These findings suggest ExoACP-Los can alleviate ADR-induced nephropathy by enhancing targeted drug delivery to the brain while reducing losartan. Overall, ExoACP holds significant potential for future clinical applications in chronic nephropathy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102819"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on the application of nanomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of venous thromboembolism","authors":"Xiaolan Wang MSc ,&nbsp;Shuanglan Xu PhD ,&nbsp;Qian Liu MSc ,&nbsp;Xiulin Ye MSc ,&nbsp;Huilin He BS ,&nbsp;Xifeng Zhang MSc ,&nbsp;Linna Chen BS ,&nbsp;Jiao Yang MSc ,&nbsp;Xiqian Xing MSc","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a serious vascular disease with hidden symptoms and rapid progression. Nanomaterials provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of VTE due to their high specific surface area, biocompatibility and modifiability. Due to differences in the formation mechanism and location of arterial and venous thrombosis, targeted diagnosis and treatment strategies need to be developed. This review focuses on VTE and summarizes the latest progress and limitations of nanomaterials in diagnosis and treatment. In terms of diagnosis, nanomaterials can be used to prepare biosensors to detect thrombin, fibrin, etc., and can also enhance imaging contrast to improve diagnostic accuracy. In terms of treatment, nanocarriers can target and release anticoagulant/thrombolytic drugs, improving efficacy and reducing side effects. However, the limitations of nanomaterials require researchers to optimize their properties to achieve safe and efficient development of VTE diagnosis and treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102820"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melanoma immunotherapy by nanosphere-vaccine elicited CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell response for tumor regression","authors":"Kalpana Javvaji PhD ,&nbsp;Venugopal Vangala PhD ,&nbsp;Suresh Babu Sayana PhD ,&nbsp;Bhanu Maturi MD ,&nbsp;Keerti Bhamidipati PhD ,&nbsp;Keith R. Brunt PhD ,&nbsp;Sunil Misra PhD ,&nbsp;Ramesh Kandimalla PhD ,&nbsp;Nagaprasad Puvvada PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Melanoma, driven by defective immune surveillance and cancer-cell evasion, has rising morbidity and mortality due to solar radiation exposure and delayed diagnosis. Effective tumor opsonization and phagocytosis are needed, demanding new therapeutic formulations. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of a novel lipid-coated glucose nanosphere (LGNP) formulation decorated with ovalbumin (OVA) and containing pCMV-MART-1 (MT-1), termed the nLOM vaccine. This vaccine elicits specific immune responses through bone marrow DC maturation and CD4+/CD8+ T-cell activation, targeting melanoma antigens. In preclinical studies using orthotopic B16-F10 melanoma cells in C57BL/6J mice, the vaccine induced significant infiltration of T lymphocytes into tumor tissues, reducing tumor progression. Robust immune responses were observed in the spleens and inguinal lymph nodes of vaccinated mice, characterized by elevated cytokine levels. These findings suggest that the nLOM vaccine could elicit durable immunogenicity against melanoma through enhanced antigen presentation and holds promise for clinical development as an effective immunotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102817"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gold nanoparticles associated with ovalbumin as adjuvant in the indirect effects of oral tolerance improve ear wound healing in mice","authors":"Monique Macedo Coelho MSc ,&nbsp;Isabela Beatriz Cabacinha Nóbrega PhD ,&nbsp;Lícia Torres PhD ,&nbsp;Rebecca Vasconcellos Botelho de Medeiros PhD ,&nbsp;Érika Costa de Alvarenga PhD ,&nbsp;Luiz Orlando Ladeira PhD ,&nbsp;Ana Maria Caetano Faria PhD ,&nbsp;Cláudia Rocha Carvalho PhD ,&nbsp;Raquel Alves Costa PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oral tolerance suppresses immune responses, such as antibody production, following immunization with an antigen and adjuvant in animals previously exposed to the protein orally. Parenteral administration of orally tolerated antigens with alum adjuvants induces systemic effects that inhibit immune responses to unrelated antigens and enhance wound healing in mouse skin. This study investigated whether subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of gold nanoparticles conjugated with ovalbumin (AuNPs@OVA) could serve as an effective adjuvant in oral tolerance and promote ear lesion repair in mice. Male Swiss mice received a 5-day oral OVA treatment, followed by s.c. injections of AuNPs@OVA at the tail base 7 days later, with a secondary injection administered 20 days after the initial dose. Lesions were created on one ear during the primary injection. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed a spherical morphology of the AuNPs, with an average diameter of approximately 6.84 nm. The findings demonstrated that AuNPs@OVA injections enhanced IgG1, IgG2a, and total anti-OVA antibody levels in non-tolerant mice. Immunization also increased leukocyte levels at the injection site. In OVA-tolerant mice, AuNPs@OVA elevated the percentage of TBET-expressing cells in the caudal lymph nodes but not in the spleen. Histological analysis revealed improved ear tissue remodeling in OVA-tolerant mice treated with AuNPs@OVA compared to other groups. These results indicate that AuNPs@OVA injections not only leverage the indirect effects of oral tolerance but also outperform Al(OH)3 as an adjuvant in promoting ear wound healing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102822"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles of morin: An approach to improve pharmacokinetics and brain disposition in rats via nose-to-brain pathway","authors":"Dhrumi Patel M-Pharm,&nbsp;Sarika Wairkar PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Morin (MOR) is a potent neuroprotective agent possessing exceptional antioxidant abilities. The significant challenges associated with MOR delivery are poor solubility and low permeability. The present work aims to develop nasal delivery of MOR using lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LLCs). MOR LLCs were prepared <em>via</em> the hydrotrope method, and 3-factor, 2-level factorial design was chosen for optimization. The results indicated MOR LLCs exhibited cubic vesicular structure, were non-toxic to nasal mucosa, and depicted sustained <em>in vitro</em> release. Pharmacokinetic studies showed MOR LLCs resulted in 1.53-fold and 1.42-fold enhancement in area under the curve than plain MOR oral and nasal groups. The relative drug targeting efficiency and relative direct transport percentage were 1.99-fold and 1.14-fold higher for MOR LLCs than plain nasal MOR, representing efficient brain targeting <em>via</em> olfactory pathways. Nasal administration of MOR LLCs enhances brain targeting and offers a self-administration option for prolonged utilization to alleviate neurological conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102823"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocompatible narrow size nanohydrogels for drug delivery","authors":"Shaul D. Cemal PhD ,&nbsp;Gila Kazimirsky MSc ,&nbsp;Yana Shadkchan PhD ,&nbsp;Lakshmanan Eswaran PhD ,&nbsp;Rinat Abramovitch Prof. ,&nbsp;Natalie Abudi PhD ,&nbsp;Maria L. Cuestas Prof. ,&nbsp;Nir Osherov Prof. ,&nbsp;Gerardo Byk Prof.","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodegradable polymers have gained attention for controlled drug delivery due to their potential for sustained release. Herein, a novel series of cross-linked, narrow size nanohydrogels (NHGs) with tunable sizes (20-500 nm), devoid of toxicity, and suitable for diverse biological applications were developed. These NHGs are synthesized <em>via</em> a thermo-responsive self-assembly process followed by confined polymerization. Ester cross-linkers were introduced into the polymeric backbone to enhance biodegradability. The NHGs comprise ideal candidates for drug delivery due to their long circulation in blood after <em>iv</em> administration. The anti-oxidant curcumin and the antifungal drug amphotericin B (AmB) as hydrophobic drug models were successfully loaded. The AmB-loaded NHGs showed improved antifungal activity against clinical isolates of molds and yeasts and markedly reduced morbidity in murine models inoculated with lethal doses of the pathogenic mold <em>Candida albicans</em> as compared to the commercial AmB formulation Fungizone. The NHGs thereby offer a versatile platform for controlled drug release.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102824"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanogels conjugated with cell-penetrating peptide as drug delivery vehicle for treating urinary tract infections","authors":"Humberto D. Escobedo Ph.D ,&nbsp;Nicholas Zawadzki BS ,&nbsp;James K.A. Till Ph.D ,&nbsp;Andres Vazquez-Torres D.V.M., Ph.D ,&nbsp;Guankui Wang Ph.D ,&nbsp;Dmitri Simberg Ph.D ,&nbsp;David J. Orlicky Ph.D ,&nbsp;Joshua Johnson Ph.D ,&nbsp;Marsha K. Guess MD, MS ,&nbsp;Devatha P. Nair Ph.D ,&nbsp;Michael J. Schurr Ph.D","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among hospital–acquired infections, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa-</em>associated urinary tract infections (UTIs) are mainly caused by indwelling urethral catheters (catheter-associated UTIs or CAUTIs) and are difficult to treat, resulting in high rates of morbidity among hospitalized patients. While antibiotics can successfully treat bacteria in the bladder lumen, they are inefficient at crossing stratified urothelium plasma membranes to kill persistent intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs). Herein, we introduce an approach to target UTI IBCs by locally delivering the antibiotic gentamicin via polymeric nanogels conjugated with a cell-penetrating peptide Cys-Gly-Lys-Arg-Lys. This novel approach delivered ~36 % more intracellular gentamicin compared to drug delivered in solution in vitro. In an acute UTI murine model, the nanogel cell-penetrating peptide drug delivery system facilitated the transport of gentamicin into the urothelium and resulted in &gt;90 % clearance of a uropathogenic <em>P. aeruginosa</em> clinical strain in vivo.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 102812"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing a blood contact material surface with selective adhesion of multiple cells using TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation of polydopamine","authors":"Luying Liu PhD ,&nbsp;Peng Ye ME ,&nbsp;Jingmei Pan PhD ,&nbsp;Zhongyu Zhang PhD ,&nbsp;Ziqi Zhou BE ,&nbsp;Sheng Dai PhD ,&nbsp;Yue Luo MD ,&nbsp;Ping Yang PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effective measure to promoting endothelial repair is to construct a surface similar to that of normal vascular on blood contact materials. The construction of cell culture platform regulating platelets, endothelial cells (ECs) and Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) may provide more help to promote endothelial repair. In this work, a novel versatile cell research platform UV-P-PDA@TiO₂ was constructed by magnetron sputtering and photoetching. The surface of UV-P-PDA@TiO₂ was evaluated by materials science methods such as FTIR, Raman, Micro BCA and WCA, and cell culture was performed on the surface. These results indicated that UV-P-PDA@TiO₂ platform regulated the cellular behavior of platelets, ECs, and SMCs, achieved selective adhesion, and exhibited orientation. The advantage of histocompatibility was demonstrated by <em>in vivo</em> tests that UV-P-PDA@TiO₂ had pattern stability and inhibited tissue proliferation. Conceivably, the regulating the multicellular UV-P-PDA @ TiO₂ culture platform may provide a versatile surface engineering strategy for biomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 102815"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced rivastigmine delivery through nanoemulsion and pyridoxine supplementation: An in-vivo study on Alzheimer's disease intervention","authors":"Harekrishna Roy PhD ,&nbsp;Balaji Maddiboyina PhD ,&nbsp;Sisir Nandi PhD ,&nbsp;Swati Srungarapati PhD ,&nbsp;Bhabani Shankar Nayak PhD ,&nbsp;Nirmala Jyothi Gade M Pharm ,&nbsp;Tummala Lokeswari Naga Sai Anjana M Pharm ,&nbsp;Kammula Mounika Vinayasri M Pharm ,&nbsp;Asha Gummadi M Pharm ,&nbsp;Shaik Haseena M Pharm","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2025.102810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanoemulsions are nanostructured material and stabilized colloidal in nature evolved as a highly desirable mechanism for the delivery of drugs. Our objective of the study deals with a successful Rivastigmine (RSG) loaded nanoemulsion which can effectively progress the treatment of AD patients. We developed nanoemulsion containing RSG by combining pyridoxine, an essential vitamin supplement for central nervous system development, with linseed oil, which functioned as the lipophilic phase in the nanoemulsion formulation. The optimal formulation having globular size of 202.3 nm was further evaluated by various analytical techniques, including zeta potential analysis, ATR, DSC, and XRD study. The study utilized the Morris Water Maze (MWM) model to assess the cognitive abilities of Long-Evans rats. The current investigation establishes that the utilization of RSG nanoemulsion incorporating blend of linseed oil and pyridoxine which reduced travel distance in animal mode and can be successfully contribute to therapeutic advancements in patients with AD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 102810"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}