{"title":"Incorporation of glycyrrhizic acid and polyene phosphatidylcholine in lipid nanoparticles ameliorates acute liver injury via delivering p65 siRNA.","authors":"Qiming Yin, Xiangling Song, Peng-fei Yang, Wen Yang, Xinyu Li, Xuejun Wang, Shengnan Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4096906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4096906","url":null,"abstract":"Liver injury caused by hepatitis is the pathological basis of varied hepatic diseases with high morbidity and mortality. Although siRNA appears promising in therapeutics of hepatitis, efficient and safe delivery remains a challenge. In this study, we developed a new strategy of incorporating glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and polyene phosphatidylcholine (PPC) into lipid nanoparticles (GA/PPC-modified LNPs), which was capable of promoting cellular uptake, enhancing gene-silencing, reducing cytotoxicity and improving siRNA stability. GA/PPC-modified LNP and siRNA lipoplex targeting NF-κB, a key mediator of inflammation, mitigates acute liver injury, as assessed by liver histology, hematological and pro-inflammatory cytokine analysis. Furthermore, GA/PPC-modified LNPs reveal efficiently intracellular delivery of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and mRNA inhibiting viral infection. In conclusion, GA/PPC-modified LNPs could be used as a promising delivery system for nucleic acid-based therapy.","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86972823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farah Shahjin, Milankumar Patel, Mahmudul Hasan, Jacob D. Cohen, Farhana Islam, Md Ashaduzzaman, Mohammad Ullah Nayan, Mahadevan Subramaniam, You Zhou, Irene Andreu, H. Gendelman, B. Kevadiya
{"title":"Development of a porous layer-by-layer microsphere with branched aliphatic hydrocarbon porogens.","authors":"Farah Shahjin, Milankumar Patel, Mahmudul Hasan, Jacob D. Cohen, Farhana Islam, Md Ashaduzzaman, Mohammad Ullah Nayan, Mahadevan Subramaniam, You Zhou, Irene Andreu, H. Gendelman, B. Kevadiya","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4189034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4189034","url":null,"abstract":"Porous polymer microspheres are employed in biotherapeutics, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Porosity dictates cargo carriage and release that are aligned with the polymer physicochemical properties. These include material tuning, biodegradation, and cargo encapsulation. How uniformity of pore size affects therapeutic delivery remains an area of active investigation. Herein, we characterize six branched aliphatic hydrocarbon-based porogen(s) produced to create pores in single and multilayered microspheres. The porogens are composed of biocompatible polycaprolactone, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), and polylactic acid polymers within porous multilayered microspheres. These serve as controlled effective drug and vaccine delivery platforms.","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80615598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cell membrane-camouflaged liposomes and neopeptide-loaded liposomes with TLR agonist R848 provides a prime and boost strategy for efficient personalized cancer vaccine therapy.","authors":"Lu Shi, H. Gu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4251197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4251197","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in bioinformatics and nanotechnology offer great opportunities for personalized cancer vaccine development. However, the timely identification of neoantigens and unsatisfactory efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines remain two obstacles for clinical transformation. We propose a \"prime and boost\" strategy to facilitate neoantigen-based immunotherapy. To prime the immune system, we first constructed personalized liposomes with cancer cell membranes and adjuvant R848 to provide immunostimulatory efficacy and time for identifying tumor antigens. Liposomes loaded with personalized neopeptides and adjuvants were used to boost the immune response. In vitro experiments verified potent immune responses, including macrophage polarization, dendritic cell maturation, and T lymphocyte activation. In vivo B16F10 and TC-1 cancer model were used to investigate efficient tumor growth suppression. Liposomal vaccines with neopeptides could stimulate human dendritic cells and T lymphocytes in vitro. These results demonstrate that the \"prime and boost\" strategy provides simple, quick, and efficient personalized vaccines for cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88067350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. K. Samani, Fatemeh Maghsoudinia, Fatemeh Mehradnia, S. Hejazi, M. Saeb, Tayebe Sobhani, Zohreh Farahbakhsh, M. Mehrgardi, M. Tavakoli
{"title":"Ultrasound-guided chemoradiotherapy of breast cancer using smart methotrexate-loaded perfluorohexane nanodroplets.","authors":"R. K. Samani, Fatemeh Maghsoudinia, Fatemeh Mehradnia, S. Hejazi, M. Saeb, Tayebe Sobhani, Zohreh Farahbakhsh, M. Mehrgardi, M. Tavakoli","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4210211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4210211","url":null,"abstract":"Chemoradiotherapy with controlled-release nanocarriers such as sono-sensitive nanodroplets (NDs) can enhance the anticancer activity of chemotherapy medicines and reduces normal tissue side effects. In this study, folic acid-functionalized methotrexate-loaded perfluorohexane NDs with alginate shell (FA-MTX/PFH@alginate NDs) were synthesized, characterized, and their potential for ultrasound-guided chemoradiotherapy of breast cancer was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The cancer cell (4T1) viabilities and surviving fractions after NDs and ultrasound treatments were significantly decreased. However, this reduction was much more significant for ultrasound in combination with X-ray irradiation. The in vitro and in vivo results confirmed that MTX-loaded NDs are highly biocompatible and they have no significant hemolytic activity and organ toxicity. Furthermore, the in vivo results indicated that the FA-MTX/PFH@alginate NDs were accumulated selectively in the tumor region. In conclusion, FA-functionalized MTX/PFH@alginate NDs have a great theranostic performance for ultrasound-controlled drug delivery in combination with radiotherapy of breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76743569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liang Wu, W. Woud, C. Baan, D. Hesselink, E. van der Pol, G. Jenster, K. Boer
{"title":"Isolation-free measurement of single urinary extracellular vesicles by imaging flow cytometry.","authors":"Liang Wu, W. Woud, C. Baan, D. Hesselink, E. van der Pol, G. Jenster, K. Boer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4240649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4240649","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are promising biomarkers for various diseases. However, many tools measuring uEVs rely on time-consuming uEV isolation methods, which could induce sample bias. This study demonstrates the detection of single uEVs without isolation using imaging flow cytometry (IFCM). Unstained urine samples contained auto-fluorescent (A-F) particles when characterized with IFCM. Centrifugation successfully removed A-F particles from the unprocessed urine. Based on the disappearance of A-F particles, a gate was defined to distinguish uEVs from A-F particles. The final readouts of IFCM were verified as single EVs based on detergent treatment and serial dilutions. When developing this protocol to measure urine samples with abnormally high protein levels, 25 mg/mL dithiothreitol (DTT) showed improved uEV recovery over 200 mg/mL DTT. This study provides an isolation-free protocol using IFCM to quantify and phenotype single uEVs, eliminating the hindrance and influence of A-F particles, protein aggregates, and coincidence events.","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83588886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Muscle cytotoxicity and immuno-reactivity analysis of the porous carbon nanospheres fabricated by high temperature calcination.","authors":"Jingwen Huang, Xiaoting Jian, Mengmeng Xu, Han Wang, Zhaohong Liao, Hai-ying Lan, Linge Wang, Jijie Hu, Qianqian Yu, Hua Liao","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4182790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4182790","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon-based nanomaterials have a high specific surface area, biocompatibility, and controlled mesopore structures. These characteristics make carbon nanospheres excellent carriers for drugs, biological dyes, photosensitizers, etc. Nevertheless, little is known about the impact of topological features on the surface of carbon nanomaterials on their in vivo immunoreactivity. In this study, we fabricated mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (MCNs) and solvent-processable carbon vesicles (CVs) by high-temperature calcination. The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining suggested CVs' relatively poor dispersion capacity compared to MCNs and carbon precursors (CPs), leading to more severe muscle inflammation and necrosis. Immunostaining and Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter (FACS) analysis further showed that both MCNs and CVs triggered a transient immune response in transplanted muscle and muscle-draining lymph nodes, but did not alter muscle resistance to exogenous viruses. In conclusion, this study provides insights into how carbon nanoparticles modulate the activation of immune responses in vivo.","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80305020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A combinational chemo-immune therapy using outer membrane vesicles for enhanced cancer therapy by RGD targeting.","authors":"Shuping Li, Xiaodong Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2022.102610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2022.102610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer therapies are limited by poor drug penetration that impedes effective tumor treatment. This was overcome in the present study by loading the immune reaction inducing nanocarriers of the bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and doxorubicin (DOX) into the natural immunity platform OMV via incubation. Drug accumulation at the tumor site was improved by using the targeting peptide 6-Mal- Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) on the surface of OMVs to increase internalization via binding to cell surface integrin αvβ3. OMVs stimulate immune responses by reversing the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) via decreasing TAM and Treg, increasing CD8<sup>+</sup> T and M1, and promoting DC maturation. The combination of DOX and OMVs compensates for the shortcomings of monotherapy (e.g., chemotherapy and immunotherapy) and amplifies the therapeutic efficacy of cancer treatment, while aiding selection of novel nanocarriers and development of effective therapeutic regimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40338294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A combinational chemo-immune therapy using outer membrane vesicles for enhanced cancer therapy by RGD targeting.","authors":"Shuping Li, Xiaodong Gao","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4156334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4156334","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer therapies are limited by poor drug penetration that impedes effective tumor treatment. This was overcome in the present study by loading the immune reaction inducing nanocarriers of the bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and doxorubicin (DOX) into the natural immunity platform OMV via incubation. Drug accumulation at the tumor site was improved by using the targeting peptide 6-Mal- Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) on the surface of OMVs to increase internalization via binding to cell surface integrin αvβ3. OMVs stimulate immune responses by reversing the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) via decreasing TAM and Treg, increasing CD8+ T and M1, and promoting DC maturation. The combination of DOX and OMVs compensates for the shortcomings of monotherapy (e.g., chemotherapy and immunotherapy) and amplifies the therapeutic efficacy of cancer treatment, while aiding selection of novel nanocarriers and development of effective therapeutic regimens.","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78276023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Betzer, Yue Gao, Astar Shamul, M. Motiei, T. Sadan, R. Yehuda, Ayelet Atkins, C. Cohen, Mingwu Shen, Xiangyang Shi, R. Popovtzer
{"title":"Multifunctional nanoprobe for real-time in vivo monitoring of T cell activation.","authors":"O. Betzer, Yue Gao, Astar Shamul, M. Motiei, T. Sadan, R. Yehuda, Ayelet Atkins, C. Cohen, Mingwu Shen, Xiangyang Shi, R. Popovtzer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4094098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4094098","url":null,"abstract":"Genetically engineered T cells are a powerful new modality for cancer immunotherapy. However, their clinical application for solid tumors is challenging, and crucial knowledge on cell functionality in vivo is lacking. Here, we fabricated a nanoprobe composed of dendrimers incorporating a calcium sensor and gold nanoparticles, for dual-modal monitoring of engineered T cells within a solid tumor. T cells engineered to express a melanoma-specific T-cell receptor and loaded with the nanoprobe were longitudinally monitored within melanoma xenografts in mice. Fluorescent imaging of the nanoprobe's calcium sensor revealed increased intra-tumoral activation of the T cells over time, up to 24 h. Computed tomography imaging of the nanoprobe's gold nanoparticles revealed the cells' intra-tumoral distribution pattern. Quantitative analysis revealed the intra-tumoral T cell quantities. Thus, this nanoprobe reveals intra-tumoral persistence, penetration and functional status of genetically engineered T cells, which can advance T cell-based immunotherapy and promote next-generation live cell imaging.","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76725367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert A. Yokel PhD , Marsha L. Ensor MSc , Hemendra J. Vekaria PhD , Patrick G. Sullivan PhD , David J. Feola PharmD, PhD , Arnold Stromberg PhD , Michael T. Tseng PhD , Douglas A. Harrison PhD
{"title":"Cerium dioxide, a Jekyll and Hyde nanomaterial, can increase basal and decrease elevated inflammation and oxidative stress","authors":"Robert A. Yokel PhD , Marsha L. Ensor MSc , Hemendra J. Vekaria PhD , Patrick G. Sullivan PhD , David J. Feola PharmD, PhD , Arnold Stromberg PhD , Michael T. Tseng PhD , Douglas A. Harrison PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2022.102565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2022.102565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>It was hypothesized that the catalyst nanoceria can increase inflammation/oxidative stress from the basal and reduce it from the elevated state. Macrophages clear nanoceria. To test the hypothesis, M0 (non-polarized), M1- (classically activated, pro-inflammatory), and M2-like (alternatively activated, regulatory phenotype) RAW 264.7 macrophages were nanoceria exposed. Inflammatory responses were quantified by IL-1β level, arginase<span> activity, and RT-qPCR and metabolic changes and oxidative stress<span><span> by the mito and glycolysis stress tests (MST and GST). Morphology was determined by light microscopy, macrophage </span>phenotype marker expression, and a novel three-dimensional immunohistochemical method. Nanoceria blocked IL-1β and arginase effects, increased M0 cell </span></span></span>OCR and GST toward the M2 phenotype and altered multiple M1- and M2-like cell endpoints toward the M0 level. M1-like cells had greater volume and less circularity/roundness. M2-like cells had greater volume than M0 macrophages. The results are overall consistent with the hypothesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89820938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}