Magdalena Bamburowicz-Klimkowska PhD , Michal Bystrzejewski PhD, DSc , Artur Kasprzak PhD, DSc , Andrzej Cieszanowski MD, PhD, Prof , Ireneusz P. Grudzinski PhD, DSc, Prof
{"title":"Monoclonal antibody-navigated carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles used for MRI-based tracking integrin receptors in murine melanoma","authors":"Magdalena Bamburowicz-Klimkowska PhD , Michal Bystrzejewski PhD, DSc , Artur Kasprzak PhD, DSc , Andrzej Cieszanowski MD, PhD, Prof , Ireneusz P. Grudzinski PhD, DSc, Prof","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2023.102721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2023.102721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Integrin beta-3 is a </span>cell adhesion molecule<span> that mediate cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix communication. The major goal of this study was to explore melanoma cells (B16F10) based upon specific direct targeting of the β3 subunit (CD61) in the integrin αvβ3 receptor using carbon-encapsulated iron </span></span>nanoparticles<span> decorated with monoclonal antibodies (Fe@C-CONH-anti-CD61 and Fe@C-(CH</span></span><sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub><span><span>-CONH-anti-CD61). Both melanoma cells treated with nanoparticles as well as C57BL/6 mice bearing syngeneic B16-F10 tumors intravenously injected with nanoparticles were tested in preclinical MRI studies. The as-synthesized carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles functionalized with </span>CD61 monoclonal antibodies have been successfully used as a novel targeted contrast agent for MRI-based tracking melanoma cells expressing the β3 subunit of the integrin αvβ3 receptor.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 102721"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138440972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuyi Li MSc , Qian Yuan MSc , Minghui Yang BSc , Xinyi Long BSc , Jianwu Sun MSc , Xin Yuan BSc , Lang Liu BSc , Wanting Zhang BSc , Quanjiang Li BSc , Zhujie Deng BSc , Rui Tian BSc , Renhao Xu BSc , Lingna Xie MSc , Jingna Yuan BSc , Yue He MD , Yi Liu MD , Hongmei Liu MD , Zhengqiang Yuan PhD
{"title":"Enhanced cartilage regeneration by icariin and mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles combined in alginate-hyaluronic acid hydrogel","authors":"Shuyi Li MSc , Qian Yuan MSc , Minghui Yang BSc , Xinyi Long BSc , Jianwu Sun MSc , Xin Yuan BSc , Lang Liu BSc , Wanting Zhang BSc , Quanjiang Li BSc , Zhujie Deng BSc , Rui Tian BSc , Renhao Xu BSc , Lingna Xie MSc , Jingna Yuan BSc , Yue He MD , Yi Liu MD , Hongmei Liu MD , Zhengqiang Yuan PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2023.102723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2023.102723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p><span>Osteoarthritis<span> (OA) is characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration and absence of curative therapies. Therefore, more efficient therapies are compellingly needed. Both </span></span>mesenchymal stem cells<span> (MSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and Icariin (ICA) are promising for repair of cartilage defect. This study proposes that ICA may be combined to potentiate the cartilage repair capacity of MSC-EVs.</span></p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p><span>MSC-EVs were isolated from sodium alginate<span> (SA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) </span></span>composite hydrogel<span> (SA-HA) cell spheroid culture. EVs and ICA were combined in SA-HA hydrogel to test therapeutic efficacy on cartilage defect in vivo.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>EVs and ICA were synergistic for promoting both proliferation and migration of MSCs and inflammatory chondrocytes. The combination therapy led to strikingly enhanced repair on cartilage defect in rats, with mechanisms involved in the concomitant modulation of both cartilage degradation and synthesis makers.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The MSC-EVs-ICA/SA-HA hydrogel potentially constitutes a novel therapy for cartilage defect in OA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 102723"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138440970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Estefanía Lozano-Andrés PhD , Tina Van Den Broeck PhD , Lili Wang PhD , Majid Mehrpouyan PhD , Ye Tian PhD , Xiaomei Yan PhD , Ger J.A. Arkesteijn PhD , Marca H.M. Wauben PhD
{"title":"Intrinsic variability of fluorescence calibrators impacts the assignment of MESF or ERF values to nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles by flow cytometry","authors":"Estefanía Lozano-Andrés PhD , Tina Van Den Broeck PhD , Lili Wang PhD , Majid Mehrpouyan PhD , Ye Tian PhD , Xiaomei Yan PhD , Ger J.A. Arkesteijn PhD , Marca H.M. Wauben PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2023.102720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2023.102720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flow cytometry allows to characterize nanoparticles (NPs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) but results are often expressed in arbitrary units of fluorescence. We evaluated the precision and accuracy of molecules of equivalent soluble fluorophores (MESF) beads for calibration of NPs and EVs. Firstly, two FITC-MESF bead sets, 2 and 6 um in size, were measured on three flow cytometers. We showed that arbitrary units could not be compared between instruments but after calibration, comparable FITC MESF units were achieved. However, the two calibration bead sets displayed varying slopes that were consistent across platforms.</p><p>Further investigation revealed that the intrinsic uncertainty related to the MESF beads impacts the robust assignment of values to NPs and EVs based on extrapolation into the dim fluorescence range. Similar variations were found with PE MESF calibration.</p><p>Therefore, the same calibration materials and numbers of calibration points should be used for reliable comparison of submicron sized particles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 102720"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1549963423000710/pdfft?md5=7ce6e8120251cac93c9d5492d02b8d27&pid=1-s2.0-S1549963423000710-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138440971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isabel Quint MSc , Jonathan Simantzik MSc , Lars Kaiser PhD , Stefan Laufer PhD , Rene' Csuk PhD , David Smith PhD , Matthias Kohl PhD , Hans-Peter Deigner PhD
{"title":"Ready-to-use nanopore platform for label-free small molecule quantification: Ethanolamine as first example","authors":"Isabel Quint MSc , Jonathan Simantzik MSc , Lars Kaiser PhD , Stefan Laufer PhD , Rene' Csuk PhD , David Smith PhD , Matthias Kohl PhD , Hans-Peter Deigner PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2023.102724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2023.102724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>In recent decades, nanopores<span> have become a promising diagnostic tool. Protein and solid-state nanopores are increasingly used for both RNA/DNA sequencing and small molecule detection. The latter is of great importance, as their detection is difficult or expensive using available methods such as </span></span>HPLC<span><span> or LC-MS. DNA </span>aptamers are an excellent detection element for sensitive and specific detection of small molecules. Herein, a method for quantifying small molecules using a ready-to-use sequencing platform is described.</span></p><p>Taking ethanolamine as an example, a strand displacement assay is developed in which the target-binding aptamer is displaced from the surface of magnetic particles by ethanolamine. Non-displaced aptamer and thus the ethanolamine concentration are detected by the nanopore system and can be quantified in the micromolar range using our in-house developed analysis software. This method is thus the first to describe a label-free approach for the detection of small molecules in a protein nanopore system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 102724"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138440973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mengmeng Zhao MD , Jialing Guo PhD , Chaoying Tian MD , Mei Yan MD , Yingying Zhou MD , Chenxin Liu MD , Mengxue Pang MD , Bin Du Prof , Genyang Cheng Prof
{"title":"Dual-targeted nanoparticles with removing ROS inside and outside mitochondria for acute kidney injury treatment","authors":"Mengmeng Zhao MD , Jialing Guo PhD , Chaoying Tian MD , Mei Yan MD , Yingying Zhou MD , Chenxin Liu MD , Mengxue Pang MD , Bin Du Prof , Genyang Cheng Prof","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2023.102725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2023.102725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Mitochondrial oxidative stress and inflammation are the main pathological features of </span>acute kidney injury<span> (AKI). However, systemic toxicity of anti-inflammatory drugs and low bioavailability of antioxidants limit the treatment<span><span> of AKI. Here, the lipid<span> micelle </span></span>nanosystem modified with </span></span></span><span>l</span><span><span><span><span>-serine was designed to improve treatment of AKI. The micelle kernels coating the antioxidant drug 4-carboxybutyl triphenylph-osphine bromide-modified </span>curcumin<span><span> (Cur-TPP) and quercetin (Que). In the </span>cisplatin (CDDP)-induced AKI model, the nanosystem protected mitochondrial structure and improved </span></span>renal function<span>. Compared to mono-targeted group, the mitochondrial ROS content of renal tubular epithelial cells acting in the dual-target group decreased about 1.66-fold in vitro, </span></span>serum creatinine (Scr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were reduced by 1.5 and 1.2 mmol/L in vivo, respectively. Mechanistic studies indicated that the nanosystem inhibited the inflammatory response by interfering with the NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways. This study provides an efficient and low-toxicity strategy for AKI therapy.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 102725"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138440969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alba Pensado-López PhD , Aldo Ummarino PhD Student , Sophia Khan PhD , Anna Guildford PhD , Iain U. Allan PhD , Matteo Santin PhD , Nathalie Chevallier PhD , Elina Varaillon MSc, PhD , Elizaveta Kon MD , Paola Allavena MD , Fernando Torres Andón PhD
{"title":"Synthetic peptides of IL-1Ra and HSP70 have anti-inflammatory activity on human primary monocytes and macrophages: Potential treatments for inflammatory diseases","authors":"Alba Pensado-López PhD , Aldo Ummarino PhD Student , Sophia Khan PhD , Anna Guildford PhD , Iain U. Allan PhD , Matteo Santin PhD , Nathalie Chevallier PhD , Elina Varaillon MSc, PhD , Elizaveta Kon MD , Paola Allavena MD , Fernando Torres Andón PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2023.102719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2023.102719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chronic inflammatory diseases are increasing in developed societies, thus new anti-inflammatory approaches are needed in the clinic. Synthetic peptides complexes can be designed to mimic the activity of anti-inflammatory mediators, in order to alleviate inflammation. Here, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory efficacy of tethered peptides mimicking the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and the heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70). We tested their biocompatibility and anti-inflammatory activity <em>in vitro</em> in primary human monocytes and differentiated macrophages activated with two different stimuli: the TLR agonists (LPS + IFN-γ) or Pam3CSK4. Our results demonstrate that IL-1Ra and HSP70 synthetic peptides present a satisfactory biocompatible profile and significantly inhibit the secretion of several pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and TNFα). We further confirmed their anti-inflammatory activity when peptides were coated on a biocompatible material commonly employed in surgical implants. Overall, our findings support the potential use of IL-1Ra and HSP70 synthetic peptides for the treatment of inflammatory conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 102719"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1549963423000709/pdfft?md5=db574adb339ebde7fdc666e5c0535ad9&pid=1-s2.0-S1549963423000709-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136398366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Long term exercise-derived exosomal LncRNA CRNDE mitigates myocardial infarction injury through miR-489-3p/Nrf2 signaling axis","authors":"Wujun Chen PhD, Qiaoyi Ye MB, Yi Dong MB","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2023.102717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2023.102717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Myocardial infarction (MI) is a cardiovascular disease and troubles patients all over the world. Exosomes produced after long-term exercise training were discovered to mediate intercellular communication and alleviate MI-induced heart injury. However, the detailed roles of long-term exercise-derived exosomal </span>long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) in MI remain uncovered. In this study, we collected and identified long-term exercise-derived exosomes, and established MI or hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model after LncRNA </span>colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) depletion. This work proved that LncRNA CRNDE was highly expressed in long-term exercise-derived exosomes (</span><em>p</em><span><span><span> = 0.0078). CRNDE knockdown increased cardiomyocytes </span>apoptosis and </span>oxidative stress (</span><em>p</em> = 0.0036), and suppressed MI progress (<em>p</em> = 0.0005). CRNDE served as the sponge of miR-489-3p to affect Nrf2 expression (<em>p</em><span> = 0.0001). MiR-489-3p inhibition effectively reversed the effects of CRNDE depletion on hypoxia cardiomyocytes (</span><em>p</em><span> = 0.0002). These findings offered a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of MI.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 102717"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71522062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniela Rubanová M.Sc. et M.Sc. , Svitlana Skoroplyas M.Sc., Ph.D. , Alena Libánská M.Sc. , Eva Randárová M.Sc. Ph.D. , Josef Bryja B.Sc. , Michaela Chorvátová M.Sc. , Tomáš Etrych RNDr. Ph.D. DSc. , Lukáš Kubala M.Sc. Ph.D.
{"title":"Therapeutic activity and biodistribution of a nano-sized polymer-dexamethasone conjugate intended for the targeted treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"Daniela Rubanová M.Sc. et M.Sc. , Svitlana Skoroplyas M.Sc., Ph.D. , Alena Libánská M.Sc. , Eva Randárová M.Sc. Ph.D. , Josef Bryja B.Sc. , Michaela Chorvátová M.Sc. , Tomáš Etrych RNDr. Ph.D. DSc. , Lukáš Kubala M.Sc. Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2023.102716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2023.102716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease caused by alteration of the immune system. Current therapies have several limitations and the use of nanomedicines represents a promising strategy to overcome them. By employing a mouse model of adjuvant induced arthritis, we aimed to evaluate the biodistribution and therapeutic effects of glucocorticoid dexamethasone conjugated to a nanocarrier based on biocompatible <em>N</em>-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymers. We observed an increased accumulation of dexamethasone polymer nanomedicines in the arthritic mouse paw using non-invasive fluorescent <em>in vivo</em> imaging and confirmed it by the analysis of tissue homogenates. The dexamethasone conjugate exhibited a dose-dependent healing effect on arthritis and an improved therapeutic outcome compared to free dexamethasone. Particularly, significant reduction of accumulation of RA mediator RANKL was observed. Overall, our data suggest that the conjugation of dexamethasone to a polymer nanocarrier by means of stimuli-sensitive spacer is suitable strategy for improving rheumatoid arthritis therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 102716"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92055141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploiting the ferroaddiction of pancreatic cancer cells using Fe-doped nanoparticles","authors":"Thanpisit Lomphithak M.Sc. , Apiwit Sae-Fung M.Sc. , Simone Sprio Ph.D. , Anna Tampieri Ph.D. , Siriporn Jitkaew Ph.D. , Bengt Fadeel M.D., Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2023.102714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2023.102714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with poor survival rates. Here, we evaluated iron-doped hydroxyapatite (FeHA) as a potential nanomedicine-based approach to combat PDAC. FeHA, in combination with a sublethal dose of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibitor RSL3, was found to trigger ferroptosis in <em>KRAS</em> mutant PANC-1 cells, but not in BxPC3 cells, while sparing normal human cells (fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells). These findings were recapitulated in 3D spheroids generated using PDAC cells harboring wild-type <em>versus</em> mutant <em>KRAS</em>. Moreover, ferroptosis induction by FeHA plus RSL3 was reversed by the knockdown of STEAP3, a metalloreductase responsible for converting Fe<sup>3+</sup> to Fe<sup>2+</sup>. Taken together, our data show that FeHA is capable of triggering cancer cell death in a <em>KRAS</em>-selective, STEAP3-dependent manner in PDAC cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 102714"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92055142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco Felipe Salas-Orozco PhD , Ana Cecilia Lorenzo-Leal PhD , Idania de Alba Montero PhD , Nuria Patiño Marín PhD , Miguel Angel Casillas Santana PhD , Horacio Bach PhD
{"title":"Mechanism of escape from the antibacterial activity of metal-based nanoparticles in clinically relevant bacteria: A systematic review","authors":"Marco Felipe Salas-Orozco PhD , Ana Cecilia Lorenzo-Leal PhD , Idania de Alba Montero PhD , Nuria Patiño Marín PhD , Miguel Angel Casillas Santana PhD , Horacio Bach PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.nano.2023.102715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nano.2023.102715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The emergency of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in severe infections is increasing, especially in nosocomial environments. The ESKAPE group is of special importance in the groups of multi-resistant bacteria due to its high capacity to generate resistance to antibiotics and bactericides. Therefore, metal-based nanomaterials are an attractive alternative to combat them because they have been demonstrated to damage biomolecules in the bacterial cells. However, there is a concern about bacteria developing resistance to NPs and their harmful effects due to environmental accumulation. Therefore, this systematic review aims to report the clinically relevant bacteria that have developed resistance to the NPs. According to the results of this systematic review, various mechanisms to counteract the antimicrobial activity of various NP types have been proposed. These mechanisms can be grouped into the following categories: production of extracellular compounds, metal efflux pumps, ROS response, genetic changes, DNA repair, adaptative morphogenesis, and changes in the plasma membrane.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19050,"journal":{"name":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 102715"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71425176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}