Nature Reviews Immunology最新文献_第5页

Can we improve immune health by restoring microbial biodiversity? 我们能否通过恢复微生物多样性来改善免疫健康？

IF 60.9 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01190-1

Aki Sinkkonen, Marja Roslund, Chrysanthi Skevaki, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Kari C. Nadeau, Harald Renz

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Inhibitory pattern recognition receptors: lessons from LAIR1 抑制性模式识别受体：来自LAIR1的启示

IF 60.9 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01181-2

M. Inês Pascoal Ramos, Michiel van der Vlist, Linde Meyaard

{"title":"Inhibitory pattern recognition receptors: lessons from LAIR1","authors":"M. Inês Pascoal Ramos, Michiel van der Vlist, Linde Meyaard","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01181-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-025-01181-2","url":null,"abstract":"Many inhibitory receptors that regulate immune cell function recognize a limited number of specific ligands. However, a subgroup of so-called inhibitory pattern recognition receptors (iPRRs) can bind a much larger array of ligands of structural similarity. Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 (LAIR1) is one such iPRR that is expressed by most immune cells and recognizes a common structural pattern present in collagens and collagen domain-containing proteins. LAIR1 signalling regulates diverse immune cell populations and is currently the focus of multiple clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. We here review the current literature on LAIR1, as a prototypic example of how inhibitory PRRs contribute to immune balance and of how these receptors are regulated. We discuss the function of LAIR1 in homeostasis, infection, inflammation and cancer, and consider the advantages and potential pitfalls of targeting this receptor in human disease. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are typically associated with innate immune activation, but there is an emerging subset of inhibitory pattern recognition receptors (iPRRs) that limit cell activation. This Review from Meyaard and colleagues highlights our growing understanding of iPRR biology, focusing on leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor (LAIR1).","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"25 10","pages":"711-724"},"PeriodicalIF":60.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Releasing the brakes on phagosomes 释放对吞噬体的抑制

IF 60.9 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01189-8

John Benjamin W. Duncan, Kelsey Voss

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In vivo CAR engineering for immunotherapy 用于免疫治疗的体内CAR工程

IF 60.9 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01174-1

Yan-Ruide Li, Yichen Zhu, Tyler Halladay, Lili Yang

{"title":"In vivo CAR engineering for immunotherapy","authors":"Yan-Ruide Li, Yichen Zhu, Tyler Halladay, Lili Yang","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01174-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-025-01174-1","url":null,"abstract":"Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered immune cell therapy represents an important advance in cancer treatments. However, the complex ex vivo cell manufacturing process and stringent patient selection criteria curtail its widespread use. In vivo CAR engineering is emerging as a promising off-the-shelf therapy, providing advantages such as streamlined production, elimination of patient-specific manufacturing, reduced costs and simplified logistics. A large set of preclinical findings has inspired further investigation into treatments for hard-to-treat diseases such as solid tumours and has facilitated the development of advanced products to enhance in vivo CAR engineering efficacy, the persistence of the cellular therapeutic and safety. In this Review, we summarize current in vivo CAR engineering strategies, including nanoparticle-based and viral delivery systems as well as bioinstructive implantable scaffolds, and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, we provide a systematic comparison between in vivo and conventional ex vivo CAR engineering methods and address the challenges and future prospects of in vivo CAR engineering. In vivo chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineering has emerged as a promising off-the-shelf therapeutic approach for hard-to-treat diseases such as solid tumours, offering key advantages such as streamlined production, the elimination of patient-specific manufacturing, reduced costs and simplified logistics. In this Review, Yang and colleagues provide an overview of current in vivo CAR engineering strategies, highlighting existing challenges and discussing future directions for the field.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"25 10","pages":"725-744"},"PeriodicalIF":60.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Beyond the lab: trust, storytelling and the fight for America’s attention 实验室之外：信任、讲故事和争取美国关注的斗争

IF 60.9 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01184-z

Aaron F. Mertz, Shruti Naik

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CD45-PET imaging gives a panoramic view of in vivo immune activity CD45-PET成像提供了体内免疫活动的全景视图。

IF 60.9 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01183-0

Sina Djafari Rouhani, Mohammad Rashidian

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Progenitor exhausted T cells contribute to the formation of immunological memory 祖T细胞耗竭有助于免疫记忆的形成。

IF 60.9 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01182-1

Annette Wu, Wen Jiang

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Redefining CNS immune privilege 重新定义中枢神经系统免疫特权

IF 60.9 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01175-0

Leon C. D. Smyth, Jonathan Kipnis

{"title":"Redefining CNS immune privilege","authors":"Leon C. D. Smyth, Jonathan Kipnis","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01175-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-025-01175-0","url":null,"abstract":"The central nervous system (CNS) has a unique relationship with the immune system, referred to as immune privilege. For many years it was thought that immune privilege was due to isolation of the CNS from the immune system, but recent findings have shown that this theory is flawed and that there is substantial neuroimmune communication, particularly at border sites that encase the CNS. These border sites include perivascular and subarachnoid spaces, the choroid plexus, the meninges and the vasculature, including the recently discovered meningeal lymphatic vessels. CNS border tissues have extensive interaction with the cerebrospinal fluid, which acts as an immune mediator, allowing the immune system at the CNS borders to respond to challenges within the CNS parenchyma. Together, CNS border tissues enable immune surveillance and protection against infections while preventing inflammatory damage to the parenchyma. A better understanding of the mechanisms of immune privilege as an accord, as opposed to isolation, between the two systems would help us obtain effective immunotherapies for neurological diseases. In this Perspective, Smyth and Kipnis reappraise the concept of immune privilege in the central nervous system. Although immune privilege was originally thought to involve isolation of the central nervous system from the peripheral immune system, the authors argue that it is instead a special immunological state that involves continuous neuroimmune dialogue.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"25 10","pages":"766-775"},"PeriodicalIF":60.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanoregulation of lymphocyte cytotoxicity 淋巴细胞毒性的机械调节

IF 60.9 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01173-2

Morgan Huse

{"title":"Mechanoregulation of lymphocyte cytotoxicity","authors":"Morgan Huse","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01173-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-025-01173-2","url":null,"abstract":"Cytotoxic lymphocytes counter intracellular pathogens and cancer by recognizing and destroying infected or transformed target cells. The basis for their function is the cytolytic immune synapse, a structurally stereotyped cell–cell interface through which lymphocytes deliver toxic proteins to target cells. The immune synapse is a highly dynamic contact capable of exerting nanonewton-scale forces against the target cell. In recent years, it has become clear that the interplay between these forces and the biophysical properties of the target influences the entirety of the cytotoxic response, from the initial activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes to the release of dying target cells. As a result, cellular cytotoxicity has become an exemplar of the ways in which biomechanics can regulate immune cell activation and effector function. This Review covers recent progress in this area, which has prompted a reconsideration of target cell killing from a more mechanobiological perspective. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells destroy target cells using a mechanically active cytolytic immune synapse. This Review examines the various ways in which mechanical forces contribute to the potency, specificity and overall efficacy of the cytotoxic response.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"25 9","pages":"680-695"},"PeriodicalIF":60.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143893494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transposable elements as instructors of the immune system 转座因子作为免疫系统的指导者

IF 60.9 1区医学

Nature Reviews Immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01172-3

Lisa Schmidleithner, Philipp Stüve, Markus Feuerer

{"title":"Transposable elements as instructors of the immune system","authors":"Lisa Schmidleithner, Philipp Stüve, Markus Feuerer","doi":"10.1038/s41577-025-01172-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41577-025-01172-3","url":null,"abstract":"Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile repetitive nucleic acid sequences that have been incorporated into the genome through spontaneous integration, accounting for almost 50% of human DNA. Even though most TEs are no longer mobile today, studies have demonstrated that they have important roles in different biological processes, such as ageing, embryonic development, and cancer. TEs influence these processes through various mechanisms, including active transposition of TEs contributing to ongoing evolution, transposon transcription generating RNA or protein, and by influencing gene regulation as enhancers. However, how TEs interact with the immune system remains a largely unexplored field. In this Perspective, we describe how TEs might influence different aspects of the immune system, such as innate immune responses, T cell activation and differentiation, and tissue adaptation. Furthermore, TEs can serve as a source of neoantigens for T cells in antitumour immunity. We suggest that TE biology is an important emerging field of immunology and discuss the potential to harness the TE network therapeutically, for example, to improve immunotherapies for cancer and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In this Perspective, Feuerer and colleagues consider how transposable elements (TEs) — which are mobile nucleic acid sequences in the genome — can impact diverse immune responses. For instance, transcription of TEs can activate innate immune pathways that generate type I interferons, TEs can regulate gene expression in immune cells and TEs could potentially be targeted to generate tumour neoantigens for immunotherapy purposes.","PeriodicalId":19049,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Immunology","volume":"25 9","pages":"696-706"},"PeriodicalIF":60.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0