Nanophotonics最新文献

{"title":"Compound meta-optics: there is plenty of room at the top","authors":"Ahmed H. Dorrah","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0772","url":null,"abstract":"Metasurfaces have been widely exploited in imaging and sensing, holography, light–matter interaction, and optical communications in free space and on chip, thanks to their CMOS compatibility, versatility and compact form. However, as this technology matured from novelty to performance, stringent requirements on diffraction efficiency, scalability, and complex light control have also emerged. For instance, the limited thickness of single-layer meta-optics poses fundamental constraints on dispersion engineering and lossless transmission over large-scale devices, whereas in-plane symmetry limits the polarization transformations that can be realized. Cascaded and multi-layer flat optics can alleviate these constraints, offering new possibilities for realizing high-efficiency devices, full polarization control, and achromatic response. In this perspective, recent advances in multi-layer metasurfaces including inherent challenges and opportunities will be discussed. Compound meta-optics hold the promise for enabling complex optical systems with enhanced performance and unprecedented functionality for a diverse set of applications in sensing, imaging, high-capacity communications, and beyond.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-linear bistability in pulsed optical traps","authors":"Alex J. Vernon, Francisco J. Rodríguez-Fotuño, Anatoly V. Zayats","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Optical trapping, also known as optical tweezing or optical levitation, is a technique that uses highly focused laser beams to manipulate micro- and nanoscopic particles. In optical traps driven by high-energy pulses, material non-linearity can result in unusual opto-mechanical effects, such as displaced equilibrium points. However, existing theoretical models of non-linear optical force on small particles consider smooth material dependence on the incident field strength alone, and not the feedback between the particle permittivity and internal field strength, which is, in turn, a function of the permittivity. The hysteresis effects of optical bistability in pulsed optical traps, therefore, elude existing optical force models. Here, we investigate a bistable optical trap, set up by counter-propagating ultrashort pulses, in which the optical force exerted on a particle depends not only on the field at its current location but on the historic trajectory of the particle in the trap. The developed formalism will be important for designing optical traps and nanoparticle manipulation in pulsed field for various applications, including potentially time crystal demonstrations.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mid-infrared wavelength multiplexers on an InP platform","authors":"Kevin Zhang, Rudolf Mayer, Dominik Burghart, Gerhard Boehm, Mikhail A. Belkin","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0756","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate mid-infrared multiplexers based on evanescent couplers in In<jats:sub>0.53</jats:sub>Ga<jats:sub>0.47</jats:sub>As/InP ridge waveguides. Multiplexing of <jats:italic>λ</jats:italic> = 5.2 µm and <jats:italic>λ</jats:italic> = 8 µm input wavelengths in TM<jats:sub>00</jats:sub> modes to a single TM<jats:sub>00</jats:sub> output was achieved with 0.7 dB insertion loss. The demonstrated multiplexing bandwidth is significantly broader than is achievable using typical arrayed waveguide gratings, while displaying comparable insertion loss. These devices will be essential toward the development of broadband multi-color mid-infrared photonic integrated circuits for multi-species gas sensing and multi-band mid-infrared free-space communications.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monoclinic nonlinear metasurfaces for resonant engineering of polarization states","authors":"Ivan Toftul, Dhruv Hariharan, Pavel Tonkaev, Fangxing Lai, Qinghai Song, Yuri Kivshar","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Polarization is a fundamental property of light that can be engineered and controlled efficiently with optical metasurfaces. Here, we employ <jats:italic>chiral metasurfaces</jats:italic> with monoclinic lattice geometry and achiral meta-atoms for resonant engineering of polarization states of light. We demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, that a monoclinic metasurface can convert linearly polarized light into elliptically polarized light not only in the linear regime but also in the nonlinear regime with the resonant generation of the third-harmonic field. We reveal that the ellipticity of the fundamental and higher-harmonic fields depends critically on the angle of the input linear polarization, and the effective chiral response of a monoclinic lattice plays a significant role in the polarization conversion.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chip-integrated polarization multiplexed metasurface for simultaneous generation of versatile terahertz vortices","authors":"Qianyun Zhang, Guibin Li, Liang Wu, Fan Yang, Zhen Yue, Chenglong Zheng, Yan Zhang, Li Li, Jianquan Yao","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0091","url":null,"abstract":"Terahertz vortex beams, carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), are quite desirable for enhancing data transmission capability in telecommunication. However, it faces fundamental and technical challenges in a single metasurface to simultaneously generate orthogonal basis vortices with linear polarization (<jats:italic>x</jats:italic>- and <jats:italic>y</jats:italic>-polarity) and circular polarization (left- and right-handed polarity) under the orthogonal polarized light incident. Here, we proposed a chip-integrated all-dielectric metasurface in the terahertz regime, to demonstrate the simultaneous generation of four-channel orthogonal polarized vortex beams at various topological charges under the <jats:italic>x</jats:italic>- and <jats:italic>y</jats:italic>-polarized light incident. The polarization multiplexed metasurface was designed only with a propagation phase strategy, consisting of polarization-maintaining and polarization-conversion meta-atoms. Simultaneous control of polarization and topological charges in vortex beams was realized by properly arranging birefringent meta-atom arrays to induce additional phases of <jats:italic>x</jats:italic>- and <jats:italic>y</jats:italic>-polarization as customized, showing more degrees of freedom for carrying information. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulations. Such a metasurface approach provides complete polarization bases for further synthesis of diverse polarization vortices required for huge-capacity communication.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene-based metasurface: dynamic optical control in ultrathin flat optics","authors":"Soojeong Baek, Hyeji Son, Hyunwoo Park, Hyeongi Park, Jaeyeong Lee, Sodam Jeong, Jae-Eon Shim, Jagang Park, Teun-Teun Kim","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0052","url":null,"abstract":"Graphene hosts massless Dirac fermions owing to its linear electronic band structure. This distinctive feature underpins its extraordinary electronic properties, correlating to strong light–matter interactions on an extreme subwavelength scale. Over the past decade, intensive investigations have transitioned from fundamental graphene’s optical properties to practical application with the integration of graphene into metasurfaces, opening a new era of active flat optics. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of graphene-based metasurfaces, beginning with the intrinsic link between graphene’s optical response and its electronic properties. We highlight the development of actively tunable platforms and devices, including efficient modulators, high-sensitivity detectors, and advanced biosensing systems. We also discuss emerging approaches that enable ultrafast all-optical modulation and ultracompact device footprints, pushing the boundaries of performance. Finally, we explore the transformative prospects of non-Hermitian physics and inverse design strategies as novel frameworks for optimizing metasurface configurations. By synergizing graphene’s intrinsic tunability with innovative design methodologies, graphene-based metasurfaces hold immense potential to bridge the gap between fundamental science and real-world applications, defining a new frontier in next-generation photonic technologies.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspective on tailoring longitudinal structured beam and its applications","authors":"Alan E. Willner, Huibin Zhou, Xinzhou Su","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0720","url":null,"abstract":"Tailoring structured beams with varying lightwave properties along the longitudinal dimension has recently gained much interest. This paper gives a perspective on the advances of longitudinally structured beams, their potential applications, and future opportunities.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic oriented discrimination of different Shiga toxins via PCA-assisted SERS-based plasmonic metasurface","authors":"Massimo Rippa, Alessia Milano, Valentina Marchesano, Domenico Sagnelli, Bryan Guilcapi, Amalia D’Avino, Giovanna Palermo, Giuseppe Strangi, Luciano Consagra, Maurizio Brigotti, Stefano Morabito, Joseph Zyss, Lucia Petti","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0696","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmonic biosensors are powerful platforms for detecting various types of analytes. Specifically, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can enable label-free and selective detection. Shiga toxin-producing <jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic> (STEC) represents zoonotic pathogens that cause severe diseases, such as hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), the most important cause of acute renal failure in children. To date, there are no effective therapies for STEC infection, and the available diagnostic methods are complex and inconclusive. Here, a novel nanopattern fabricated by electron beam lithography with remarkable plasmonic properties is employed as SERS substrate for realizing the specific recognition of Stx1a, Stx2a, and of a third variation of the latter. A limit of detection (LOD) of 6.8 pM for Stx1a and 2 pM for Stx2a was achieved. Our approach supported using the principal component analysis (PCA) appears to be a valid alternative to conventional methods, allowing real-time and fast <jats:italic>in situ</jats:italic> analysis.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"266 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum weak value amplified terahertz chiroptical measurement","authors":"Liping Xu, Jiangtao Xu, Xin Yao, Rumin Zhang, Gang Wen, Lei Wang, Xingxing Lu, Zaoxia Li, Wenquan Liu, Dongshan Wei, Xiaoli Li, Tianying Chang, Hong-Liang Cui","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0685","url":null,"abstract":"A precise method for phase and amplitude detection in both the time and frequency domains of terahertz spectroscopy based on the weak-value amplification technique is proposed and demonstrated. Within the weak-value amplification scheme, the imaginary weak value enhances variations in the terahertz phase signals, whereas the real weak value amplifies changes in the terahertz amplitude signals. By employing various postselections in the terahertz weak measurement procedure in detecting minute changes of the phase and amplitude of the terahertz wave, we achieved a phase change range from −0.0187 rad to 0.0183 rad with an interval of 0.004 rad and an amplitude change range from −0.0238 rad to 0.0228 rad with an interval of 0.0056 rad. This results in a phase and amplitude measurement resolution of 10<jats:sup>−4</jats:sup> rad in the time domain. In the frequency domain, <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\"> <m:mfenced close=\"|\" open=\"|\"> <m:mrow> <m:mi>E</m:mi> </m:mrow> </m:mfenced> </m:math> <jats:tex-math>$leftvert Erightvert $</jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_nanoph-2024-0685_ineq_001.png\"/> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> spectra are calculated to assess phase and amplitude variations with respect to frequency or wavelength. We apply these methods to chiral detection, particularly in measuring optical activity such as circular dichroism (CD) and optical rotatory dispersion (ORD). Despite challenges such as strong terahertz wave absorption in aqueous solutions and weak optical responses from natural chiral materials in the terahertz band, we successfully conducted chiroptical spectroscopy on a relatively large volume (2.3 mL) of liquid (R)- and (S)-limonene, as well as lactose tablets with varying mass fractions. Furthermore, the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) shift, defined for one- or few-cycle time-domain terahertz pulses, was effectively achieved through the manipulation of a pair of terahertz polarizers in the terahertz beam path. Notably, when <jats:italic>ϕ</jats:italic> <jats:sub>CEP</jats:sub> = 0, a 150 % increase in the absorption coefficient of lactose was observed when weak measurement techniques were employed, compared to conditions without such measurements. This effort yielded THz-ORD and THz-CD spectra, demonstrating the potential of our methods to overcome traditional limitations and provide new insights into the optical response, dynamic properties, and low-frequency vibrational modes of biomolecules and materials in low-energy states, ultimately facilitating the identification of chiral stereoisomers.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inverse design of 3D nanophotonic devices with structural integrity using auxiliary thermal solvers","authors":"Oliver Kuster, Yannick Augenstein, Roberto Narváez Hernández, Carsten Rockstuhl, Thomas Jebb Sturges","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0067","url":null,"abstract":"3D additive manufacturing enables the fabrication of nanophotonic structures with subwavelength features that control light across macroscopic scales. Gradient-based optimization offers an efficient approach to design these complex and non-intuitive structures. However, expanding this methodology from 2D to 3D introduces complexities, such as the need for structural integrity and connectivity. This work introduces a multi-objective optimization method to address these challenges in 3D nanophotonic designs. Our method combines electromagnetic simulations with an auxiliary heat-diffusion solver to ensure continuous material and void connectivity. By modeling material regions as heat sources and boundaries as heat sinks, we optimize the structure to minimize the total temperature, thereby penalizing disconnected regions that cannot dissipate thermal loads. Alongside the optical response, this heat metric becomes part of our objective function. We demonstrate the utility of our algorithm by designing two 3D nanophotonic devices. The first is a focusing element. The second is a waveguide junction, which connects two incoming waveguides for two different wavelengths into two outgoing waveguides, which are rotated by 90° to the incoming waveguides. Our approach offers a design pipeline that generates digital blueprints for fabricable nanophotonic materials, paving the way for practical 3D nanoprinting applications.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}