Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems最新文献

{"title":"Automated Subsea Architecture Optimization Using Low-Dimensional Multiphase Flow Models","authors":"Zurwa Khan, A. Meziou, R. Tafreshi, M. Franchek, K. Grigoriadis","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-96293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96293","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Due to the global increase in energy demand, the need for economic oil and gas production is rising more than ever. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that subsea architecture designs are economical and safety oriented. While numerous challenges are encountered during subsea system’s installation and operation phases, most of these challenges can be avoided by ensuring an economical and reliable design. For a safe and cost-effective design and operating scenario, it is essential to predict the hydraulic and thermal behavior of multiphase fluid encountered in petroleum pipelines for a range of conditions. This cannot be accomplished by empirical models, which are dependent on limited data available. Consequently, mechanistic low-dimensional models have been used for two-phase gas-liquid steady-state flow. However, mechanistic low-dimensional models assume adiabatic conditions, which is rarely the case in subsea architectures, which encounter cold surroundings. Therefore, to predict the temperature-based characteristics of multiphase flow in environments with thermal gradients, a thermal model has been developed and validated with experimental data. 80% of the validation data was predicted by this developed thermal model with error difference of less than 30%. The developed two-phase gasliquid thermal model was merged with Beggs and Brill hydraulic multiphase flow model to predict the overall behavior of two-phase gas-liquid flow, and used to develop an optimal model-based multi-well subsea architecture design. A case study of a four-well subsea system was used to demonstrate the automated subsea architecture optimization technique. Through this case study, it was shown that approximately 23% of savings in pipelines procurement could be made relative to the conventional designing approach. Industry standards, safety factors, and multiphase flow models were used to design jumpers and place the manifold for a subsea multi-well system. Merging hydraulic and thermal multiphase flow models showed the effect of temperature on the flow, which led to an optimized design for the subsea insulation in which issues such as wax deposition can be prevented. The resulting optimized subsea architecture was then implemented in Simscape® environment to obtain the transient response. Along with optimized subsea architecture automated design, the developed thermal model has the potential to be used for real-time prediction of two-phase flow rate, pressure drop and void fraction as virtual sensors to provide economical alternative to expensive and impractical hardware sensors. Furthermore, the developed model can also be used to design effective control strategies for multiphase flow regulation in jumpers and prevention of backflow at the manifold.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116495928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Flexible Composite Pipe Cross-Section Design Software Based on Visual Basic","authors":"Xinyu Sun, Yong Bai, Jiannan Zhao, Chang Liu, Xiaojie Zhang","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-95916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95916","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 With the rapid development of science and information technology, software systems are widely used in all walks of life in society. Composite materials have become the hotspot and trend in pipe development, which greatly broaden the application field of composite pipes. Aiming at the requirement of composite pipe section design in composite flexible pipe factories in actual production, this paper simplifies the flexible composite pipe into a uniform continuous model, and develops a pipe section design software based on Visual Basic environment. According to the numerical calculation method in mechanics and the empirical formula, considering the production error and safety factor, this paper puts forward a reasonable method for designing the flexible composite pipe section, and develops a system for calculating it using Visual Basic. Based on the performance of raw materials and the requirement of customers for pipe pressure, this software can figure out the section data of steel strip pipe, steel cord pipe, polyester pipe, Kevlar pipe, and fiberglass pipe respectively, and obtain the design pressure, minimum bending radius and other parameters, thus improving the efficiency of the design process. At the same time, raw material quotation and pipe cost price can be calculated to facilitate the purchase of raw materials, pipe storage and sales. This software is an ideal tool for calculating flexible composite pipe cross-section data.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133389777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization Design of FPSO Central Cooling Water System Based on Pipe Network Fluid Analysis","authors":"Hua Zhang, Hongtao Yuan, Chao Wang, W. Kong, Jiangguo Xu, Zhaoqiang Wang","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-95966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95966","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Marine power generator plays important role to guarantee the normal operation of all subsystems of FPSO, in which cooling device are emphasized on its reliability and stability. As the main cooling system of FPSO power generator, the design of central cooling water system is very important. Traditional pipeline network system design is mainly based on the design manual and empirical formula, which single pipeline is designed for circulation of different media. Lacking the concept of system integrity, which results in the weak integrated design without rational consideration. In this paper, a FPSO central cooling water system is taken as the research object. Based on the initial design scheme, it is different from the empirical and singularity of traditional design, and the impact of the pipe network of cooling water system to that of other systems in the whole vessel is put into consideration on the comprehensive way. From the economic point of view, the study on the pipe network of flow balance is carried out, and the optimization scheme of the central cooling water pipe network system is proposed.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131310393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Heat Transfer Performance for Deepwater Phase Change Material Sandwich Pipes","authors":"C. An, Hui Wang, Menglan Duan","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-95876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95876","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As the exploitation of oil and gas gradually enters the deep sea, the low-temperature and high-pressure deep-sea environment poses a huge challenge to the flow protection of pipelines (2014a). In this paper, the phase change material sandwich pipeline which uses phase change heat storage and exothermic to maintain the pipeline temperature is taken as the research object, the heat transfer characteristics of the deep-water phase change material sandwich pipe are studied through the combination of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation (2014b). The main contents include: Firstly, through the establishment of two-dimensional and three-dimensional pipe models, analyzed the temperature distribution along the pipeline and the radial temperature distribution of the pipeline under steady oil flow conditions. Secondly, by using transient heat transfer, the effects of phase change material parameters, the proportion of phase change material in the insulation layer, and the difference in the ratio of phase change materials in the insulation layer on the insulation performance are analyzed to obtain the best results. Insulation material and optimal insulation layer layout; finally, the thermal storage and the phase change conditions of the phase-change material sandwich pipe is studied under the re-starting condition. The results show that the effective holding time of the phase change material insulation layer is close to 1.4 times that the non-phase change material insulation layer, and the melting point size has little effect on the insulation material. The closer the phase change material is to the inner tube, the better the insulation effect. This study provide guidance for the design and utilization of phase change material sandwich pipe.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"22 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122435521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible Riser Top Connection Analysis With I-Tube Interface and Bending Hysteresis Effect","authors":"Yangye He, Hailong Lu, M. Vaz, M. Caire","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-95826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95826","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The flexible riser top connection to the floating production platform is a critical region for fatigue lifetime (re)assessment. The interface with the I-tube and its curved sleeve combined with the gap between the riser and bend stiffener may lead to different curvature distribution when compared to the traditional modeling approach that considers the bend stiffener attached to the pipe. For a more accurate top connection assessment, the flexible riser bending hysteresis can also be directly incorporated in the global dynamic analysis helping to reduce curvature amplitude and lifetime prediction conservatism. This work investigates a 7” flexible riser-bend stiffener top connection with I-tube interface by performing irregular wave global dynamic analyses with the OrcaFlex package and considering a nonlinear bending moment vs curvature riser behavior obtained from a detailed cross sectional model developed in Abaqus. OrcaFlex curvature distribution results are also compared with a quasi-static finite element model that uses an elasto-plastic formulation with kinematic hardening to represent riser hysteresis through an equivalent beam model. A good curvature distribution correlation is observed for both top connection models (OrcaFlex x Abaqus) in the bend stiffener area with reduced amplitudes when riser bending hysteresis is considered.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115138650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Subsea Umbilical Mechanical Behavior Under Simultaneous Bending, Tension and Torsion","authors":"Mohsen Saneian, Y. Gao, Yong Bai, Ting Liu","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-96596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96596","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 One of the major failure modes of an umbilical is found to occur under simultaneous bending, tension and torsion. Umbilical cables are compatible in bending but have a rigid response to tension and torsion, hence validation the axisymmetric performance of it, is a significant matter. This paper has applied theoretical models to analyze umbilical cables mechanical behavior under combined loading. Lanteigne (1985) theoretical model, which its feature is a large-diameter central pipe umbilical cross section with homogeneous materials that a number of wires helically wrapped around it, is developed in this article. The equilibrium equations are presented and showed the helical elements effects on bending, tension and torsion of the umbilical cable.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127552424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Weld Porosity on Super Duplex Stainless Steel Umbilical Tubes Under Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking Exposure Condition","authors":"M. Socariceanu, X. An","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-95986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95986","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Super Duplex Stainless Steel (SDSS) is the preferred material utilized in steel tube umbilicals, due to its excellent corrosion resistance and high mechanical strength. SDSS is susceptible to Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking (HISC) under the influence of a Cathodic Protection (CP) system, especially the welded zone. Porosity (relevant rounded indication) is one of the most common weld flaws that impacts the SDSS weld reject rate based on historical acceptance criteria.\u0000 A study has been carried out investigating the influence of weld porosity on 25% Cr (SDSS) butt welded tube, under the effect of CP potential by using a Slow Strain Rate Testing (SSRT) technique. The study focused on the correlation between the level of porosity and the material mechanical performance when exposed to a simulated CP system in seawater at an elevated temperature.\u0000 The impact of HISC was evaluated through an assessment of various tube welds including welds with different levels of porosity quantified by number, size and location of pores, when exposed directly to natural CP system in seawater for 4 and 8 weeks. Post hydrogen pre-charging, the samples were subjected immediately to a modified Slow Strain Rate Test (SSRT). After hydrogen charging and SSRT the resulting fracture morphology was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the failure mode was assessed in relation to porosity locations.\u0000 Experimental results indicate that all hydrogen pre-charged samples with or without pores decrease in ductility after exposure to the CP system which was further confirmed by the fractography analysis. It was observed that susceptibility of SDSS to HISC is broadly similar for welds with porosity or without porosity and brittle phenomena is more pronounced at the exposed surfaces of the samples.\u0000 The study has demonstrated that the butt weld of SDSS umbilical tube with a controlled porosity level in line with ASME design codes does not show an increased susceptibility to HISC under CP system when compared to welds with no porosity.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121721753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Analysis of Fiber Glass Reinforced Bonded Flexible Pipe Under External Pressure","authors":"Xiaojie Zhang, Yong Bai, Chang Liu, Z. Wang, Jiannan Zhao","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-95692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95692","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Fiber glass reinforced bonded flexible pipe (FGRFP) is one kind of new type composite pipe. However, the mechanical properties of FGRFP are not so clearly at present. Therefore, this article aims at studying the buckling pressure of FGRFP under external pressure by using external pressure test, numerical method and finite element method. Three kinds of buckling pressure have been obtained by using three methods as aforesaid. According to compare the buckling pressure of three methods, the relative error of the numerical method and the finite element method relative to external pressure test ranges from 4.09% to 14.51%. According to the result of finite element method, the first layer’s stress at the topside of FGRFP’s cross section and the final layer’s stress at the horizontal position of FGRFP’s cross section is the max stress. The numerical method and finite element method came up with in this article can be used to analyze the buckling pressure of FGRFP. These methods can also provide a guidance to pipeline engineers to design and production of FGRFP.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115369979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tie-in of a Rigid Pipeline to a Flexible Rise: Design and Installation — Challenges and Lessons Learnt","authors":"G. Curti, F. Lirola, Gianluigi Pirinu, D. Pavone, F. Perrin","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-95057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95057","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper presents the experience made with the engineering and execution of the tie-in of flexible risers to rigid pipelines on a project recently completed in West Africa.\u0000 Five production and injection pipelines (10” and 6”) were tied back to the host platform with flexible risers, in Lazy wave configurations, in ∼600m water depth.\u0000 The risers are directly connected to the terminations structures (PLETs) of the rigid pipelines, through horizontal connection systems.\u0000 The structures forming the tie-in (risers, PLETs and pipelines) have been designed to accommodate axial displacements of the pipelines in the range 0.3m to 1.0m, as positive displacements (expansions) and −0.1m to −0.7m as negative displacements (contractions) of the pipelines, respectively towards and away from the risers, due to pipelines thermal expansions and pipe walking.\u0000 Note that along some of the lines anchoring structures have been installed to control pipe walking.\u0000 The tie-in interface loads were to be limited, in order not to threaten the flexible pipe, the PLETs and the connectors, and, despite the small pipeline end displacements, keeping the interface loads within allowable values, was a challenge.\u0000 The positive displacements were causing interface loads as high as 80% of the allowable values, while the negative displacements were causing up to 90% utilization of the capacity of the connectors and 95% of the allowable loading of the foundations of the PLETs.\u0000 The main drivers of such high loadings are the stiffness of the flexible pipe, combined with the layout of the tie-in.\u0000 Extensive in place analyses were done to simulate the effects of progressive displacements of the pipelines, the pipe-soil interactions and the specifics of the behaviour of the flexible pipes (hysteretic stiffness).\u0000 Full 3D FE analyses of the foundations (mud mats) of the PLETs were done, to circumvent the limitations of a classical bearing capacity analysis approach.\u0000 As built information were also used, to remove some conservatisms in the assumptions initially taken in the design. A special installation procedure was implemented, to achieve a layout of the riser at the approach of the pipeline capable to better relieve the displacements of the pipelines and reduce interface loads.\u0000 Feedbacks from the installation are given in the paper.\u0000 The lessons learned are also presented: a “flexible” pipe is a “stiff” structure and a direct tie-in to the pipeline may become an issue, if not addressed early enough during the execution of the project, when it can be too late to add mitigation structures, like intermediate tie-in spools, or to change significantly the routing of the risers and pipelines.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123516814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flow-Induced Vibration Analysis of a Water Injection System at Elevated Flow Rates of an FPSO","authors":"N. G. Díez, J. P. Pontaza, O. Awe, P. V. Beek, C. Tümer","doi":"10.1115/OMAE2019-95019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2019-95019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The water injection system of an FPSO active in the Gulf of Guinea is to increase injection capacity to levels that are threatening from a flow-induced vibration perspective, such that hydrocarbon recovery can be accelerated. A three-tier method based on the internal guidelines of the system operator has been employed to assess the level of FIV threat expected from the increase in flow rate. A high-level screening analysis is followed by a more detailed approach, modified in this case by introducing knowledge obtained from field data gathered during a comprehensive measurement campaign aboard the FPSO. In particular, the data has been used to calibrate the finite element model of the mechanical layout of the pipework and associated supporting by making use of an optimization technique. The PSD of the flow excitation has been calibrated to match the measured response of the system, with descriptions of the turbulent excitation introduced in elbows by means of PSD functions available in the open literature. The PSDs, once calibrated, are further scaled to the future flow-rates so that they can be used as input to the mechanical response analysis. Though the high-level screening analysis delivers the conclusion that flow rates should be limited, the detailed analysis proves that the expected vibrations will be acceptable.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114525986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}