Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems最新文献

{"title":"On Deriving High Pressure Empirical Multiphase Forcing Functions From CFD Analysis","authors":"Olivier Macchion, S. Belfroid, L. Stachyra, A. Jensen","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-96155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96155","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are used to predict the flow-induced forcing in high-pressure multiphase pipe flow. Furthermore, empirical correlations from the literature is compared and validated against computational and experimental results. Based on the CFD results and in conjunction with the reference 6” (internal diameter (ID)) data, new scaling rules are proposed.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128455719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lean Global Analysis of Marine Slender Structures With Machine Learning","authors":"V. Silva, Matheus Costa dos Santos, M. Vignoles","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-95147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95147","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The new age of oil and gas industry is being driven by cost effective solutions, aiming to provide cheaper, faster and better products/services. The industry 4.0 brings an opportunity to transform systems and processes to be more efficient, making use of digitalization and new technologies, including the use of artificial intelligence algorithms applied to engineering problems.\u0000 In Brazilian offshore fields, the operating conditions for flexible riser applications (deep-water, mean wave frequencies, floating units and corrosive fluids) make the metallic layer’s fatigue failure mode one of the drivers in its design. In a daily basis, nonlinear dynamic finite element analysis uses regular wave scatter diagrams as an equivalent way to model the wave elevation, avoiding the time consuming irregular wave representation. The analysis performed with regular waves are faster but carries conservatisms with it. In a deep-water scenario, the wave height and period ranges of the wave scatter diagram can be refined to improve the fatigue results obtained, leading to a considerable increase in the total amount of wave classes that need to be evaluated.\u0000 Great part of the wave classes has a very low participation in the total fatigue damage, spending an unnecessary time to analyze them. Helped by a robust design of simulation experiment (DoSE) and machine learning regressors, a lean representation of the regular wave scatter can be done, where some of them are simulated and the rest of the results can be accurately predicted.\u0000 This paper presents the application of supervised learners that are used to predict riser fatigue damage at different riser locations, given partial simulations of a regular wave scatter diagram. The techniques support the strategy to reduce the total amount of fatigue analysis required within a project design phase. The focus stays on the evaluation of the fatigue of metallic layers at two main critical regions, bend stiffener and touch down zone. Hidden patterns inside each scatter diagram are discovered, minimizing the total number of finite element analysis (FEA) required. The amount of the wave class reduction starts from 50% going up to 75%, maintaining a good level of accuracy on the predicted damage values.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129885264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrate Remediation Philosophy for a New Flowline Intervention System Based on Active Heating","authors":"G. Guindeuil, A. Sanchis, Stéphanie Harchambois, R. Vivet, T. Palermo, François-Xavier Pasquet, G. Tosi","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-96059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96059","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Electrically Trace Heated Blanket (ETH-Blanket) is a new offshore intervention system currently in development by TechnipFMC for the efficient remediation of plugs due to hydrates or wax deposit in subsea production and injection flowlines. The ETH-Blanket consists of a network of heating cables placed underneath an insulation layer which is laid onto the seabed above the plugged flowline. By applying electrical power to the cables, heat is generated by Joule effect which warms up the flowline content until hydrate dissociation or wax plug remediation through softening or complete melting. The ETH-Blanket is currently developed within a Joint Industry project (JIP) between TechnipFMC and Total.\u0000 The dissociation of hydrate plugs using active heating incurs a number of risks for the integrity of the flowline and for the restoration of production to nominal conditions. As the flowline content is warmed up from ambient to hydrate dissociation temperature and during the dissociation of the hydrate plug, the pressure inside the flowline may potentially increase above design limits due to hydrate degassing and fluid volume expansion. Also, plug run-away scenarios may occur if a large pressure difference exists between both sides of the plug. The remediation operation may fail because of insufficient power or misplacement of the ETH-Blanket. Lastly, even following successful operation of the ETH Blanket, new flowline blockage may occur during subsequent operations such as cold re-start.\u0000 To mitigate those risks, a hydrate remediation philosophy has been developed specifically for the ETH-Blanket Service. It is based on the development of in-house tools and procedures and builds upon experimental and modelling work performed as part of a previous JIP focusing on the dissociation of hydrate plugs using an ETH-Pipe-in-Pipe [1]. This paper introduces the different elements of the hydrate remediation philosophy, including the development and experimental validation of the dedicated tools used to define the appropriate heating sequence for the safe and efficient dissociation of hydrate plugs.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133580106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Temperature Effect on the Viscoelastic Responses of Flexible Risers","authors":"Junpeng Liu, Jinsheng Ma, M. Vaz, Menglan Duan","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-95141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95141","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Mechanical behavior of flexible risers can be challenging due largely to its complex design generating strong nonlinear problems. Nonlinear material properties, as one of them, from polymer layers dominate the overall viscoelastic responses of flexible risers which may play an inevitable role on the global analysis in deepwater application. An alternative to predict the viscoelastic behavior comprising of the time domain and the frequency domain has been proposed recently by the authors (Liu and Vaz, 2016). Given the fact that polymeric material properties are temperature-dependent and that the temperature profiles in flexile risers vary continuously in both axial and radial direction, the temperature of the internal hydrocarbons must affect the viscoelastic responses. However, such phenomenon dose not draw much attention in previous studies. This paper presents an improved model for overcoming some drawbacks in the proposed model involving assumption of steady temperature distribution in polymer layer and no gap appearance between the adjacent layers. The computing method of model is developed by using a step by step test approach. Consequently, some important parameters like equivalent axial stiffness, contact pressure or gap between the near layers, and force-deformation relationship can be observed. Parametric studies are conducted on the axisymmetric viscoelastic behavior of flexible risers to study the role of input temperature and loading frequency. Results show that equivalent axial stiffness given by the improved model is smaller than before. It can also be found that the gap between metal layer and polymer layer appear easily and increases as time goes on.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115214105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Fatigue Life Assessment of Fiber Glass Reinforced Flexible Pipe","authors":"Yong Bai, Jiannan Zhao, Xinyu Sun, Xiaojie Zhang, Z. Wang","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-95676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95676","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Fiber glass reinforced flexible pipe (FGRFP) is a kind of submarine pipe widely used in oil and gas transportation and exploration. This paper mainly studies the theoretical and numerical simulation methods for calculating the fatigue life of the FGRFP. Firstly, the tension time-histories and bending moment time-histories of the FGRFP are obtained by using global analysis. The tension and bending moment frequency distribution histograms are obtained by using rain flow method. Then, the finite element software ABAQUS is used to build the model of the FGRFP, and the corresponding tension and bending moment are applied on the finite element model. Then, the stress time histories curve of the FGRFP is obtained. By comparing the results of numerical simulation, the main factors affecting the fatigue life of the FGRFP are studied. Finally, according to rain flow method, S-N curve and numerical simulation results, the fatigue life and single damage rate of FGRFP are obtained.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130155008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD Modelling of an Electrically Trace Heated Blanket","authors":"Vincent Le Toux, Stéphanie Harchambois, G. Guindeuil, R. Vivet, François-Xavier Pasquet, G. Tosi, T. Palermo, Gilbert Herrera, C. T'joen","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-95493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95493","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Electrically Trace Heated Blanket (ETH-Blanket) is a new offshore intervention/remediation system currently in development by TechnipFMC for the efficient remediation of plugs due to hydrates or wax in subsea production and injection flowlines. The ETH-Blanket consists of a network of heating cables placed underneath an insulation layer which is laid onto the seabed above the plugged flowline. By applying electrical power to the cables, heat is generated by Joule effect which warms up the flowline content until hydrate dissociation or wax plug remediation through softening or complete melting.\u0000 As part of a Joint Industry Project (JIP) between TechnipFMC, Shell and Total, full-scale thermal testing of an ETH-Blanket prototype was carried out in Artelia facilities (Grenoble, France). This testing was performed to verify the capability of the ETH-Blanket system to increase the temperature of the fluid inside a pipe sample above a target temperature (hydrate dissociation temperature or wax disappearance temperature) for various conditions. The impact of lateral misalignment of the ETH-blanket on the pipe and of the pipe burial depth were studied. Moreover, the tests were carried out on two pipe samples, with different designs and insulation properties.\u0000 CFD models of the test set-up have been built to replicate the thermal behaviour of the ETH-Blanket prototype. Once validated against the test results, the final aim of CFD modelling is to be able to calculate the performances of the system in real subsea conditions. The modelling of the prototype includes a 3D geometry of the system including the soil, natural convection of water between the ETH-blanket and the pipe sample and natural convection of fluid in the pipe sample.\u0000 The present paper focuses on the CFD work performed to match the full-scale thermal test results and to predict the ETH-Blanket performances for real subsea operating conditions. It will describe the various CFD models used, the sensitivities and findings in terms of local and global heat transfer and flow effects and the comparison to the experimental data.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117164238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal and Mechanical Coupled Analysis of Marine Composite Cryogenic Pipeline","authors":"Hu Haitao, Jun Yan, Zhou Baoshun, Yang Zhixun, Liang Yang, Jiakun Fan","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-96144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96144","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Marine composite cryogenic pipeline is one of the key equipment for offshore gas explorations, which is mainly used in the transmission of liquefied natural gas. Due to the harsh marine environment and extreme temperature of transmission medium, the marine composite cryogenic pipeline needs to bear both the tensile and bending loads caused by marine environments and the ultra-low temperature load caused by transmission medium. Due to the extremely low temperature of liquefied natural gas, about −163 °C, the structure and the composed material of cryogenic pipelines will be faced greatly challenges. Previous studies have considered mechanical properties or temperature loading separately. In this research, the structural performance of the marine composite cryogenic pipeline under the combined action of mechanical loads and thermo-load is studied with numerical methods. The framework of the coupled mechanical and thermo-analysis for the structure of composite cryogenic pipeline is established. The numerical results show that the temperature distribution has great impacts on the structural responses of the cryogenic pipeline. The coupled mechanical and thermo analysis of the cryogenic pipeline is proved to be necessary. The established method and framework provide a reference for the engineering design and application of the marine composite cryogenic pipeline.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123566163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical Modeling of Steel Strip Reinforced Flexible Pipe With Swaging End Fitting by Taking Into Account Stress Concentration Effect","authors":"Y. Gao, Wei Chen, Yong Bai","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-95462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95462","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A new theoretical model was proposed to calculate the burst pressure of steel strip reinforced flexible composite pipes (steel strip PSP) based on the thin wall cylindrical shell theory and the squeeze pressure expression between layers was derived. The radial displacement discontinuity of pipe wall in pipe-end fitting joint area takes in account in this model which could result in Stress Concentration Effect (SCE) in reinforcement layers. The SCE is caused by swaging end fitting clamped tightly at the end of the pipe. The result of the hoop strain in the joint area calculated by this model is greater than the one calculated by the classic elastic model, which leads to relative conservative burst strength of the pipe. The hoop stress variation via internal pressure on innermost reinforcement layer is introduced to predict the burst strength of the pipe. As the stress in the joint area reaches its ultimate strength, the strain on the same layer in the point far away from this area (x→∞) is extracted and the corresponding internal pressure is obtained as the burst strength of the pipe. The calculated data from two models were compared with the experiment results and the proposed new model showed better accuracy than the classic elastic model. Final additional parametric studies were conducted, while the effect of the pipe diameter, the winding angle, the number and thickness of the reinforcement layer on the burst strength of the pipe were studied. Useful conclusions were drawn for the design and application of the steel strip PSP in offshore engineering.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132223547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Carcass Role in Designing Deepwater Riser Connectors","authors":"Mohsen Saneian, Yong Bai","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-96597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96597","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Technically, in deep water, the most challenging task is the end-fitting design of pipes. This connector has two main functions: It ensures sealing of the pipe fluid and transfers the loads from the pipe to the connecting system unit. High pressure and harsh environment condition raise the pressure on the connector; therefore, this pressure should be endured by a segment which is the carcass. Carcass holder and installation rings are components of the connectors in termination of the carcass layer. This paper assesses the role of the carcass in a sealing system of riser connectors. The sealing method is based on dividing the termination of risers into two devices; inner liner that is the mechanical restraint on the polymer barrier, and the seal system that is applied to seal the fluid of riser. This seal system includes many ring joint gaskets separated by metallic rings, and they should be placed on the carcass.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122068033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analytical Approach for Predicting the Collapse Pressure of the Flexible Risers With Initial Ovalization and Gap","authors":"Xiao Li, Xiaoli Jiang, Hans Hopman","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-95642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95642","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A flexible riser is a flexible pipe that transports materials between seafloor and topside structures. As oil and gas production heads to water depths greater than 3000 meters, huge hydrostatic pressure may cause the collapse failure of flexible risers. Generally, the collapse strength of a flexible riser is designed by considering the effects of initial imperfections, e.g., ovality of the carcass, and radial gap between the carcass/liner and pressure armor. These two imperfections may cause a significant reduction in the collapse strength of flexible risers under the flooded annulus condition. However, there are few analytical models available in the public literature that could take those factors into account. In this paper, an analytical approach is presented to predict the critical collapse pressure of the flexible risers with initial imperfections. The analytical results were compared with the numerical simulation, which showed reasonably good agreement.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117206372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}