Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems最新文献

{"title":"Qualification of Thermoplastic Composite Pipe Risers: Combined Pressure and Bending Loading","authors":"A. Bahtui, Karl Kidykas, Joshua J. Richardson, Jonathan Wilkins","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-95274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95274","url":null,"abstract":"In offshore ultra-deepwater oil fields, weight and cost reduction is one of the operators’ top priorities, while maintaining safety and reliability standards. These challenges have made conventional flexible risers a less favourable choice for new construction and replacement projects and have forced asset owners to explore cost saving through innovative technologies such as Thermoplastic Composite Pipe (TCP). Magma Global’s light weight m-pipe® TCP riser and flowline product offers over 40% reduction in installed riser project costs, while bringing exceptional permeation, corrosion, high-temperature and fatigue performance and most importantly long-term reusability benefits. This product is the subject of a thorough qualification program in agreement with the requirements of operators and independent verification agents (IVA) to demonstrate the product’s safety and reliability to asset owners and local regulatory bodies. This paper presents recent developments on the qualification campaign of m-pipe® TCP for riser applications, with a focus on combined pressure and bending tests designed to verify the pipe strength and stiffness. It addresses the product’s ability to withstand loading in the riser touch-down region of a Free Hanging Catenary (FHC). The qualification process of sample manufacture, rig setup, instrumentation & testing, design model development and validation is presented. Burst load cases and combined bend & burst load cases are tested on m-pipe® and results are compared against design model predictions. We hope the paper will be of interest to anyone working in new material development or product qualification in the offshore industry.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126113872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupled Thermo-Elastic Analysis on Cross-Section of Umbilical Cables","authors":"Jun Yan, Hu Haitao, Su Qi, Qingzhen Lu, Yang Zhixun, Q. Yue","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-96195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96195","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Umbilical cable is composed of electronic cables, optical cables, steel tubes and structural strengthening components, which can be regarded as a key industrial equipment integrating mechanical and electronic functions. Especially, when it is oriented at the power supply with a relatively high rated voltage, the power transmission will produce a large amount of heat with the sectional temperature rising up, which impacts on the material performance and mechanical responses of the cable and even the whole umbilical. Therefore, the thermo-elastic analysis is the critical technology in the cross-sectional design of umbilical cable. Analytical and numerical methods are proposed to conduct the thermo-elastic analysis of the cross-section. Firstly, the steady-state thermal analysis of cross-section of the umbilical cable is implemented, and the thermal field distribution with different cable ampacity is obtained. Then, the thermo-elastic coupled analysis of the cross-section is presented. It is found that the results are quite different from that of static mechanical analysis, which provide a helpful guide for the design of umbilical structures.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133040484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodology Proposal for Corrosion-Fatigue Assessment for Flexible Pipes Tensile Armour in Aggressive Environments","authors":"M. F. Borges, Mariana dos Reis Tagliari, R. Gonçalves, Carlos Eduardo Fortis Kwietniewski","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-96423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96423","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Flexible risers are the main way to connect wells and floaters for petroleum and gas applications on the Brazilian coast. The failure of those risers in operation can generate huge irreversible economic and environmental expenses. Statistics indicate that there is a predominance of premature failure associated with the flooding of the annular space. When cyclic loads are present, this condition will introduce corrosion-fatigue of the metallic reinforcements. Therefore, to ensure the operational safety, their design should consider the combined action of fatigue and corrosion phenomena. The experimental test procedure to be applied for generating S-N curves and qualifying the steel materials with respect to corrosion-fatigue face different challenges. One of the important ones is to introduce representative surface defects that reflects the exposure time of the real life corrosion process as this will have a strong influence of the slope parameter of the S-N curves. The aim of this work is to propose a new methodology to obtain S-N design curves allowing for the samples to be pre corroded to obtain realistic surface defects. The pre corrosion procedure is made to ensure that all samples have the same defects caused by localized corrosion and that those defects are representative of those presented in real risers with flooded annulus. Considering the effect of the defects aspect on fatigue evaluation allows a better prediction of the remaining life of pipes operating in flooded annulus conditions. Two S-N curves were compared allowing for proving the potential of the methodology and promising results were obtained, giving more reliable S-N curves. Furthermore, it was possible to conclude that under the assessed conditions the fatigue in air tests of pre-corroded wire during 60 days showed the same performance as the new one (non-pre-corroded) wires tested in corrosion-fatigue.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124197256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing a Novel MEG/EtOH Mixture to Improve Gas Hydrate Blockages Removal During Offshore Oil and Gas Production","authors":"Paulo Paz, T. Netto","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-95808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95808","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Offshore oil and gas production may present gas hydrate formation problems. Using thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors as methanol, mono ethylene glycol, (MEG), and ethanol among others to deal with these issues is frequent. The inhibition process initially consists of pumping thousands of barrels from topside to seabed in order to be injected into the reservoir or into the flowlines where the hydrates may form. Research has shown the difference between injecting MEG or Methanol. Methanol has a better performance dissolving hydrates and MEG can be cleaned and used again. A disadvantage for methanol is that part of it goes to the gas phase where is not useful for hydrate inhibition. Recently there has been proposed the possibility to mix them in order to increase their individual performance, which has been proved as satisfactory to both hydrate dissolving, and injection operation. In this study, the characteristics of current inhibition treatments and a new mixture of Ethanol and MEG were used to simulate the efficiency of the process to pump them from topside to seabed. To compare the mixture performance as a new hydrate inhibitor with the other THI treatments, data from real scenarios were used. The results can be used on the selection process for the THI pumping system, in order to optimize the needs of the gas hydrate inhibition system, in terms of power and storage on the platform.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128223749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Design and Installation of Wet Park Configuration for Dynamic Umbilicals in Ultra-Deep Environment","authors":"P. Reagan, Graeme Lovie","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-96006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Two dynamic umbilicals in a tethered lazy wave configuration were required to be wet parked in an ultra-deep environment with a water depth in excess of 2900m.\u0000 The close proximity to the pre-installed mooring lines, along with the in-place configuration requirements (seabed connection location, short seabed tether length, quantity of distribution buoyancy modules) made the design of a viable wet park configuration particularly challenging.\u0000 Strong current was also a major driving factor. The speed and dominant directionality influences the umbilical hump excursion, the stability of the umbilical and potential interference between the umbilicals and mooring lines. Several different routes were assessed to overcome the key problems as part of the wet park engineering solutions.\u0000 The installation of these umbilicals into their wet park configurations similarly presents a significant engineering undertaking.\u0000 An innovative and unconventional solution was chosen for the design of the wet park. The configuration utilises an umbilical ‘cross-over’, which allowed both umbilicals to be laid perpendicular to the dominant current direction and clear of any interference risks. An installation methodology was developed to successfully hook up the tether and lay down the umbilicals. Custom components and installation aids were designed for this purpose.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132171573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational Investigation of Oil Accumulation in a Subsea Deadleg","authors":"Egemen Caglar, Y. Zeng, J. Khodadadi","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-96804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96804","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Both 2- and 3-dimensional computational studies of two-phase flow within a horizontal pipe with a vertical deadleg placed downstream of an oil/water supply source were considered as part of a model subsea petroleum production system. Two-phase continuity and momentum relations were solved using the open-source computational software OpenFOAM. The unsteady flow behavior of the two-phase dispersed mixture which consists of 90%–10% slurry of 32.8 API crude oil-water at the inlet port (Reynolds number of 2.1 × 105) was investigated. With the 2-D simulations, the effects of the average inlet velocity, diameter of the deadleg and length of the deadleg on the oil fraction within the deadleg and the stagnant zones were studied. Results of the 3-D unsteady simulations exhibited the complex vortical flow field and separation of the two phases that evolved within the deadleg leading to migration of separated oil to the top of the deadleg.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130224742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Local Model Dynamics on Flexible Riser Tensile Armor Wire Stress Predictions","authors":"Gabriel Rombado, K. Doynov, N. Cooke, A. Majed","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-95303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95303","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Accurate time-consistent computation of tensile armor wire stresses remains a major challenge in flexible riser fatigue life predictions and integrity management. Accuracy requires capturing the kinematics of the flexible’s helically contra-wound tensile armor layers and their interaction with the other metallic and thermo-plastic layers in a dynamic simulation. It is generally accepted that high fidelity 3D Finite Element Models (FEMs) can best capture the complex kinematics and produce accurate stresses. The local model is typically constructed of few “pitch lengths” of the 3D FEM. Local analysis involves enforcing tension and nodal rotation time-histories on the local model and extracting wire stresses at critical fatigue locations along risers. While local analysis involving a few bending cycles can be executed on modern multi-core computers, static simulations typically require computation times of 24–48 hours for a single cycle and do not capture the effect of dynamics of the local model. With this computational constraint, 1-hr long irregular wave fatigue simulations with 3D FEM local model become computationally infeasible. The nonlinear dynamic substructuring (NDS) approach has been utilized in the past to overcome this computation challenge.\u0000 Reduced order models are numerical methods for efficiently solving high fidelity FEM. NDS utilizes reduced-order models and numerical algorithms to significantly decrease the computation time associated with the irregular wave fatigue simulations of the high fidelity flexible FEM. Because NDS is a simulation-based approach, effects such as local model tension stiffening and inertial resistance to the global rotation inputs are fully captured and the impact on wire stresses can be discerned.\u0000 A 14” inner diameter (ID) flexible riser with a four-tensile armor layer configuration is modeled and simulated using the NDS approach. The 5m long local model is first driven at different “speeds” of harmonic (regular wave) rotation inputs to illustrate inertial effects. For the faster input, the impact of local model inertia on wire stresses is immediately apparent by the increase in wire stresses and change in the shape of the wire stress hysteresis curve. Next, the local model is simulated to irregular wave inputs. It is again shown that the inclusion of local model inertia increases wire stresses and modifies the shape of the wire stress hysteresis.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116593383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlling Factors of Carcass Fatigue in Unbonded Flexible Pipes","authors":"U. S. Fernando, A. P. Roberts, Michelle Davidson","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-96310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96310","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Carcass, the innermost layer of a flexible pipe structure is designed to prevent the collapse of the pressure sheath due to external pressure. Weakness, damage or failure of the carcass layer can result in collapse with associated loss of production and potentially serious risk to pipe integrity and hydrocarbon leakage to the environment. Avoiding carcass failure in service is therefore an essential consideration during the design of unbonded flexible pipes.\u0000 Carcass failure is rare in service. This paper highlights the three possible failure modes and presents further analysis on the fatigue failure mode, relevant to dynamic service. Two key features of carcass manufacture are identified as causes for dynamic stress; locking of the carcass profile due to extended pitch and polymer ingress within the carcass cavity.\u0000 Guidelines for the design of carcass profiles, setting safe pitch limits and appropriate barrier profile controls to mitigate carcass fatigue failure in dynamic service are presented.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116783387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full Scale Thermal Testing of a New Flowline Intervention System","authors":"Stéphanie Harchambois, Vincent Le Toux, G. Guindeuil, R. Vivet, François-Xavier Pasquet, G. Tosi, T. Palermo, C. T'joen, Gilbert Herrera","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-95354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95354","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Electrically Trace Heated Blanket (ETH-Blanket) is a new offshore intervention/remediation system currently in development by TechnipFMC for the efficient remediation of plugs due to hydrates or wax in subsea production and injection flowlines. The ETH-Blanket consists of a network of heating cables placed underneath an insulation layer which is laid onto the seabed above the plugged flowline. By applying electrical power to the cables, heat is generated by Joule effect which warms up the flowline content until hydrate dissociation or wax plug remediation through softening or complete melting.\u0000 As part of a Joint Industry Project (JIP) between TechnipFMC, Shell and Total, full-scale thermal testing of an ETH-Blanket prototype was carried out in Artelia facilities (in Grenoble, France). This testing was performed to verify the capability of the ETH-Blanket system to increase the temperature of the fluid inside a pipe sample above a target temperature (hydrate dissociation temperature or wax disappearance temperature) for various conditions. The impact of lateral misalignment of the ETH-blanket on the pipe and of the pipe burial depth were studied. Moreover, the tests were carried out on two pipe samples, with different designs and insulation properties. In parallel, CFD models of the test set-up were built to replicate the thermal behaviour of the ETH-Blanket. The combination of these models with the measured heating efficiency of the prototype allowed characterising the performances of the system in real subsea conditions.\u0000 This paper presents the description of the full scale thermal testing conditions. Results of the different tests are detailed and the impact of the different parameters on the ETH-Blanket thermal performances are assessed, focusing on natural convection effects, thermal losses and the overall data gathering process.","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130117295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Submerged Production Unit: Design and Method for Launch and Tow to Field","authors":"V. Elumalai, Sigbjørn Daasvatn, D. Karunakaran, K. Larsen, B. Leira","doi":"10.1115/omae2019-95291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95291","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The requirement for fossil fuels expedites for an advancement in the existing subsea technology. The developments evolved as the search for hydrocarbons moved from onshore to offshore, followed by a transition from shallow to deep and ultra-deep waters. Another huge milestone was achieved, when production systems made a transition from topsides to subsea units for efficiency. Currently, there is an enormous drive to minimize the operational costs involved in the processing of hydro-carbons. Researches are underway towards what would be yet another significant feat in the oil and gas industry, which is by moving the processing systems to subsea. One such impressive concept, which is being developed, is the Submerged Production Unit (SPU). This study is an initial attempt to investigate the challenges associated with the SPU focusing on the factors influencing design, launching and towing. A design concept that goes back and forth from performance and design spaces was used in modelling the SPU, solving the complexity that revolved around assembling the hollow Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) beams with subsea buoyancy materials. Submerged Tow Method (STM), an adaptation of Controlled Depth Tow Method (CDTM) was used instead of the conventional way of lifting the equipment using cranes of heavy lift vessels or construction vessels on site during deployment considering cost and safety. OrcaFlex software was used for towing analysis. End force in global X direction on towline, obtained from static analysis was used to identify the Bollard Pull (BP) required for towing the SPU. Dynamic analysis was performed for different environmental conditions to identify the maximum effective tension on the towline. BP requirement of 100t was estimated from the towing analysis. This study was carried out by author as a master’s thesis [1].","PeriodicalId":190268,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5A: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130957641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}