Mycopathologia最新文献

{"title":"White Piedra: More Than Trichosporon Species Infection.","authors":"Chun-Hsien Huang, Pei-Lun Sun","doi":"10.1007/s11046-024-00883-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11046-024-00883-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19017,"journal":{"name":"Mycopathologia","volume":"189 5","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Features, Treatment Outcome and Potential risk Factors for Recurrence Among Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis in a Resource-limited Setting: A Retrospective Observational Study.","authors":"Emine Aksoy, Elif Yildirim, Ipek Ozmen, Nermin Ozer Yilmaz, Ahmet Kursat Karaman, Huriye Takir, Fatma Ozbaki, Meltem Agca, Aysegul Berk","doi":"10.1007/s11046-024-00884-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11046-024-00884-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) and to determine risk factors for disease recurrence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 43 patients with CPA (mean ± SD age: 61.4 ± 10.5 years, 83.7% were males) were included in this retrospective study. Data on demographic, clinical and disease-related characteristics, galactomannan (GM) test positivity in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples, histopathological diagnosis, imaging (CT) findings and CPA forms, antifungal therapy, recurrence rate and time to recurrence were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD;76.7%) was the leading predisposing factor, and the aspergillus nodule (37.2%) was the most prevalent CPA form.GM test positivity was noted in 89.7% (35/39) of BAL samples. Median duration of voriconazole treatment was 180 days. CPA recurrence was noted in 14.0% of patients, while the comorbid tuberculosis sequela (66.7% vs. 16.2%, p = 0.02) and mild immunosuppressive disorder (100.0% vs. 51.4%, p = 0.032) were significantly more common in patients with recurrence vs. those without recurrence. Recurrence rate was 50.0% (3 of 6 patients) in patients with simple aspergilloma, and ranged from 0.0% to 25.0% in those with other CPA forms. Treatment duration and time to recurrence ranged 70-270 days and 1.1-37 months, respectively in simple aspergilloma, while they were ranged 150-180 days and 30-43.3 months, respectively in other CPA forms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate the importance of considering CPA in differential diagnosis in patients with predisposing conditions, and emphasize the tuberculosis sequela, immunosuppressive disorder and the certain CPA forms managed with shorter duration of antifungal therapy (i.e., simple aspergilloma) as the potential risk factors of CPA recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":19017,"journal":{"name":"Mycopathologia","volume":"189 5","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Performances of an in-House Immunochromatography Test Based on the Monoclonal Antibody 18B7 to Glucuronoxylomannan for Clinical Suspected Cryptococcosis: a Large-Scale Prototype Evaluation in Northern Thailand.","authors":"Kritsada Pruksaphon, Artid Amsri, Patcharin Thammasit, Joshua D Nosanchuk, Pisinee Aiumurai, Sirida Youngchim","doi":"10.1007/s11046-024-00882-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11046-024-00882-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cryptococcosis predominantly presents as a meningoencephalitis in Thailand. Early and expeditious diagnosis is essential for reducing both mortality and morbidity associated with cryptococcal meningitis. We aim to define and establish the diagnostic performances between the benchmark commercially available diagnostic kit (CrAg® LFA) and the large-scale prototype of an inexpensive in-house immunochromatographic test (ICT) based on monoclonal antibody (MAb) 18B7.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We have developed the large-scale prototype for the rapid detection of cryptococcal polysaccharide antigens by utilizing a single antibody sandwich ICT format employing MAb 18B7, which is highly specific to Cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) antigens. An in-house MAb18B7 ICT was manufactured in accordance with industry standards under the control of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 13485.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the in-house MAb 18B7 ICT were 99.10%, 97.61%, and 97.83%, respectively. The agreement kappa (κ) coefficient was 0.968 based on the retrospective evaluation of 580 specimens from patients living in northern Thailand with clinically suspected cryptococcosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The data suggest that this in-house MAb 18B7 ICT will be highly beneficial for addressing the issue of cryptococcal infection in Thailand. Moreover, it is anticipated that this inexpensive ICT can play a pivotal role in various global strategies aimed at eradicating cryptococcal meningitis among individuals living with HIV by 2030.</p>","PeriodicalId":19017,"journal":{"name":"Mycopathologia","volume":"189 5","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11517805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fusarium Keratitis: A Systematic Review (1969 to 2023).","authors":"Maria Eduarda Carvalho Cintra, Maryanna da Silva Dantas, Abdullah M S Al-Hatmi, Rafael Wesley Bastos, Luana Rossato","doi":"10.1007/s11046-024-00874-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11046-024-00874-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mycotic keratitis (MK) represents a corneal infection, with Fusarium species identified as the leading cause. Fusarium is a genus of filamentous fungi commonly found in soil and plants. While many Fusarium species are harmless, some can cause serious infections in humans and animals, particularly Fusarium keratitis, that can lead to severe ocular infections, prevalent cause of monocular blindness in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Due to its incidence and importance in ophthalmology, we conducted a systematic analysis of clinical cases to increase our understanding of Fusarium keratitis by gathering clinical and demographic data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To conduct an analysis of Fusarium keratitis, we looked through the literature from the databases PubMed, Embase, Lilacs, and Google Scholar and found 99 papers that, between March 1969 and September 2023, corresponded to 163 cases of Fusarium keratitis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis revealed the Fusarium solani species complex as the predominant isolate, with females disproportionately affected by Fusarium keratitis. Notably, contact lens usage emerged as a significant risk factor, implicated in nearly half of cases. Diagnosis primarily relied on culture, while treatment predominantly involved topical natamycin, amphotericin B, and/or voriconazole. Surprisingly, our findings demonstrated a prevalence of cases originating from the United States, suggesting potential underreporting and underestimation of this mycosis in tropical regions. This shows the imperative for heightened vigilance, particularly in underdeveloped regions with substantial agricultural activity, where Fusarium infections may be more prevalent than currently reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study sheds light on the clinical complexities of Fusarium keratitis and emphasizes the need for further research and surveillance to effectively tackle this vision-threatening condition. Furthermore, a timely identification and early initiation of antifungal treatment appear to be as important as the choice of initial treatment itself.</p>","PeriodicalId":19017,"journal":{"name":"Mycopathologia","volume":"189 5","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short Tandem Repeat Genotyping of Medically Important Fungi: A Comprehensive Review of a Powerful Tool with Extensive Future Potential","authors":"Bram Spruijtenburg, Jacques F. Meis, Paul E. Verweij, Theun de Groot, Eelco F. J. Meijer","doi":"10.1007/s11046-024-00877-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-024-00877-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fungal infections pose an increasing threat to public health. New pathogens and changing epidemiology are a pronounced risk for nosocomial outbreaks. To investigate clonal transmission between patients and trace the source, genotyping is required. In the last decades, various typing assays have been developed and applied to different medically important fungal species. While these different typing methods will be briefly discussed, this review will focus on the development and application of short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping. This method relies on the amplification and comparison of highly variable STR markers between isolates. For most common fungal pathogens, STR schemes were developed and compared to other methods, like multilocus sequence typing (MLST), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. The pros and cons of STR typing as compared to the other methods are discussed, as well as the requirements for the development of a solid STR typing assay. The resolution of STR typing, in general, is higher than MLST and AFLP, with WGS SNP analysis being the gold standard when it comes to resolution. Although most modern laboratories are capable to perform STR typing, little progress has been made to standardize typing schemes. Allelic ladders, as developed for <i>Aspergillus fumigatus,</i> facilitate the comparison of STR results between laboratories and develop global typing databases. Overall, STR genotyping is an extremely powerful tool, often complimentary to whole genome sequencing. Crucial details for STR assay development, its applications and merit are discussed in this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":19017,"journal":{"name":"Mycopathologia","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for the Diagnosis of Sporotrichosis by Sporothrix brasiliensis","authors":"Marcella Donadel Araujo, Vanice Rodrigues Poester, Helena Schirmer, Vanessa Suñe Mattevi, Mariana Rodrigues Trápaga, Melissa Orzechowski Xavier, Marcus de Melo Teixeira, Rodrigo Almeida-Paes, Rosely Maria Zancopé-Oliveira, Cecília Bittencourt Severo","doi":"10.1007/s11046-024-00880-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-024-00880-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We aimed to develop and validate a Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) assay to <i>Sporothrix brasiliensis</i>. LAMP reaction was developed using six primers designed based on calmodulin gene. In the LAMP reaction, we tested twenty isolates of <i>S. brasiliensis</i> from animals and humans, along with ten tissue samples extracted from the left footpad of mice that had been experimentally infected with <i>S. brasiliensis</i>. In addition, it included DNA samples from various other fungal species for specificity evaluation. All <i>S. brasiliensis</i> isolates yielded positive results in the LAMP, and the limit of DNA detection was 1 ng/μL. All murine samples were positive in the test while DNA from other fungal species were all negative, resulting in 100% of sensitivity and specificity of primers. LAMP diagnosis technique is a promising alternative to sporotrichosis diagnosis, in a simple and cost-effective way. Further studies are warranted to validate this technique using animal model samples obtained from both humans and animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19017,"journal":{"name":"Mycopathologia","volume":"2019 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics, Prognosis Factors and Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Diagnosis of Mucormycosis in patients With Hematologic Diseases.","authors":"Jieru Wang, Li Liu, Jia Li, Xiaomeng Feng, Huiming Yi, Erlie Jiang, Yizhou Zheng, Fengkui Zhang, Xiaofan Zhu, Yingchang Mi, Mingzhe Han, Jianxiang Wang, Sizhou Feng","doi":"10.1007/s11046-024-00875-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11046-024-00875-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>New diagnostic methods and antifungal strategies may improve prognosis of mucormycosis. We describe the diagnostic value of metagenomic next⁃generation sequencing (mNGS) and identify the prognostic factors of mucormycosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study of hematologic patients suffered from mucormycosis and treated with monotherapy [amphotericin B (AmB) or posaconazole] or combination therapy (AmB and posaconazole). The primary outcome was 84-day all-cause mortality after diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-five patients were included, with \"proven\" (n = 27), \"probable\" (n = 16) mucormycosis confirmed by traditional diagnostic methods, and \"possible\" (n = 52) mucormycosis with positive mNGS results. The mortality rate at 84 days was 44.2%. Possible + mNGS patients and probable patients had similar diagnosis processes, overall survival rates (44.2% vs 50.0%, p = 0.685) and overall response rates to effective drugs (44.0% vs 37.5%, p = 0.647). Furthermore, the median diagnostic time was shorter in possible + mNGS patients than proven and probable patients (14 vs 26 days, p < 0.001). Combination therapy was associated with better survival compared to monotherapy at six weeks after treatment (78.8% vs 53.1%, p = 0.0075). Multivariate analysis showed that combination therapy was the protective factor (HR = 0.338, 95% CI: 0.162-0.703, p = 0.004), though diabetes (HR = 3.864, 95% CI: 1.897-7.874, p < 0.001) and hypoxemia (HR = 3.536, 95% CI: 1.874-6.673, p < 0.001) were risk factors for mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mucormycosis is a life-threatening infection. Early management of diabetes and hypoxemia may improve the prognosis. Exploring effective diagnostic and treatment methods is important, and combination antifungal therapy seems to hold potential benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":19017,"journal":{"name":"Mycopathologia","volume":"189 4","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141860357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights from Three Pan-European Multicentre Studies on Invasive Candida Infections and Outlook to ECMM Candida IV.","authors":"Stella Wolfgruber, Sarah Sedik, Lena Klingspor, Annamaria Tortorano, Neil A R Gow, Katrien Lagrou, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Johan Maertens, Jacques F Meis, Cornelia Lass-Flörl, Sevtap Arikan-Akdagli, Oliver A Cornely, Martin Hoenigl","doi":"10.1007/s11046-024-00871-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11046-024-00871-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Invasive candidiasis and candidemia remain a significant public health concern. The European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) conducted three pan-European multicentre studies from 1997 to 2022 to investigate various aspects of invasive Candida infections. These studies revealed shifting trends in Candida species distribution, with an increase of non-albicans Candida species as causative pathogens, increasing rates of antifungal resistance, and persistently high mortality rates. Despite advancements in antifungal treatment, the persistently high mortality rate and increasing drug resistance, as well as limited drug access in low-income countries, underscore the need for continued research and development in the treatment of Candida infections. This review aims to summarize the findings of the three completed ECMM Candida studies and emphasize the importance of continued research efforts. Additionally, it introduces the upcoming ECMM Candida IV study, which will focus on assessing candidemia caused by non-albicans Candida species, including Candida auris, investigating antifungal resistance and tolerance, and evaluating novel treatment modalities on a global scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":19017,"journal":{"name":"Mycopathologia","volume":"189 4","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11294264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141860358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Antifungal Treatment Strategies to Prevent Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis Infection-Related Deaths in Intensive Care Unit Patients: The Need for Standardization of Research Definitions","authors":"Matteo Bassetti, Antonio Vena, Martina Bavastro, Daniele Roberto Giacobbe","doi":"10.1007/s11046-024-00879-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-024-00879-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The clinical spectrum of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) has expanded in recent decades. A large group of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) is indeed susceptible to the development of IPA. Although timely diagnosis and antifungal therapy of IPA in this expanding population is crucial to prevent IPA-related deaths, the magnitude of the favorable prognostic impact of antifungal therapy is difficult to measure precisely. In our opinion, the development of standardized research definitions could have favorable implications for further improving our ability both to measure the favorable effect of antifungal treatment and to prevent IPA-related death in ICU patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19017,"journal":{"name":"Mycopathologia","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141773741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Specific IgE against Molds Involved in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Mycoses in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis.","authors":"Coralie Barrera, Carsten Schwarz, Laurence Delhaes, Solène Le Gal, Sophie Ramel, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Juliette Guitard, Claire Hoffmann, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Laurence Millon","doi":"10.1007/s11046-024-00870-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11046-024-00870-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Allergic bronchopulmonary mycoses (ABPM) can be due to molds other than Aspergillus fumigatus in patients with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). We aimed to develop immunoassays for the detection of specific IgE (sIgE) directed against five fungal species involved in ABPM: Aspergillus terreus, Scedosporium apiospermum, Lomentospora prolificans, Rasamsonia argillacea, and Exophiala dermatitidis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Serum samples (n = 356) from 238 pwCF, collected in eight CF care centers in France, Germany, and Italy, were analyzed by dissociated enhanced lanthanide fluorescent immunoassay (DELFIA®) to assess levels of sIgE directed against antigenic extracts of each fungus. Clinical, biological, and radiological data were collected for each episode. One hundred serum samples from healthy blood donors were used as controls. Sera were classified into four groups depending on the level of sIgE according to the quartile repartition calculated for the pwCF population. A score of 4 for values above the 3rd quartile corresponds to an elevated level of sIgE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PwCF showed higher levels of sIgE than controls. Based on criteria from the ABPA-ISHAM working group, with an additional criterion of \"a sIgE score of 4 for at least one non-A. fumigatus mold\", we were able to diagnose six cases of ABPM.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using 417 IU/mL as the threshold for total IgE and the same additional criterion, we identified seven additional pwCF with \"putative ABPM\". Detection of sIgE by DELFIA® showed good analytical performance and supports the role played by non-A. fumigatus molds in ABPM. However, commercially available kits usable in routine practice are needed to improve the diagnosis of ABPM.</p>","PeriodicalId":19017,"journal":{"name":"Mycopathologia","volume":"189 4","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141634007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}