Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions最新文献

{"title":"miR472 Deficiency Enhances <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> Defense Without Reducing Seed Production.","authors":"Francois Vasseur, Patricia Baldrich, Tamara Jiménez-Góngora, Luis Villar-Martin, Detlef Weigel, Ignacio Rubio-Somoza","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-02-24-0011-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-02-24-0011-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After having co-existed in plant genomes for at least 200 million years, the products of microRNA (miRNA) and nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat protein (NLR) genes formed a regulatory relationship in the common ancestor of modern gymnosperms and angiosperms. From then on, DNA polymorphisms occurring at miRNA target sequences within NLR transcripts must have been compensated by mutations in the corresponding mature miRNA sequence. The potential evolutionary advantage of such regulation remains largely unknown and might be related to two nonexclusive scenarios: (i) miRNA-dependent regulation of NLR levels might prevent defense mis-activation with negative effects on plant growth and reproduction or (ii) reduction of active miRNA levels in response to pathogen-derived molecules (pathogen-associated molecular patterns [PAMPs] and silencing suppressors) might rapidly release otherwise silent NLR transcripts for rapid translation and thereby enhance defense. Here, we used <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> plants deficient for miR472 function to study the impact of releasing its NLR targets on plant growth and reproduction and on defense against the fungal pathogen <i>Plectosphaerella cucumerina</i>. We show that miR472 regulation has a dual role, participating both in the tight regulation of plant defense and growth. MIM472 lines, with reduced active miR472, are more resistant to pathogens and, correlatively, have reduced relative growth compared with wild-type plants, although the end of their reproductive phase is delayed, exhibiting higher adult biomass and similar seed yield as the wild-type. Our study highlights how negative consequences of defense activation might be compensated by changes in phenology and that miR472 reduction is an integral part of plant defense responses. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"819-827"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142350547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary and Epidemiological Insights from Historical and Modern Genomes of <i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i> pv. <i>oryzicola</i>, the Causal Agent of Bacterial Leaf Streak of Rice.","authors":"Mathilde Hutin, Sara Carpenter, Shivrajani Baruah, Paola Campos, Karine Boyer, Dodelys Andriantsimialona, Solo Hery Rapanarivo, Olivier Pruvost, Nathalie Becker, Lionel Gagnevin, Ralf Koebnik, Boris Szurek, Ousmane Koita, Adam J Bogdanove, Adrien Rieux","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-05-24-0062-SC","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-05-24-0062-SC","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i> pv. <i>oryzicola</i> (<i>Xoc</i>) causes bacterial leaf streak (BLS) of rice. This disease represents a major constraint for rice production, which is a crop feeding more than half of the world's population. <i>Xoc</i> was first described in 1918 in the Philippines and is prevalent in southeast Asia. Today, BLS is also omnipresent in both East- and West-Africa, where the disease was first reported in the early 1980s. The appearance of <i>Xoc</i> in Africa decades after its first report in Asia suggests that the disease could have been introduced from Asia to Africa. Strict conservation of five transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors in whole-genome sequences of 10 strains of <i>Xoc</i> including three from West-Africa and seven from Asia also support this hypothesis. East-Africa, especially Madagascar, where the disease was first described in 1985 is located at the interface between Asia and Africa, hence representing an interesting region to explore the link between strains from Asia and West-Africa. In this study, we did the following: (i) reconstructed the genome of a historical <i>Xoc</i> strain from a herbarium specimen of rice showing symptoms of BLS that was sampled in Madagascar in 1931, 50 years before the first description of the disease, and (ii) sequenced nine new modern strains, including five from Madagascar and East-Africa. The analysis of those new genomes along with previously published ones shed light within the evolutionary and epidemiological history of <i>Xoc</i>. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"814-818"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142291744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking Growth and Defense: miR472 as a Sensor and Regulator of Plant Immunity.","authors":"Jawahar Singh, Ved Prakash","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-12-24-0157-CM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-12-24-0157-CM","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":"37 12","pages":"802-803"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assembly and Evaluation of a Confocal Microscopy Image Analysis Pipeline Useful in Revealing the Secrets of Plant-Fungal Interactions.","authors":"Ashley C Nelson, Gayan K Kariyawasam, Nathan A Wyatt, Jinling Li, Janine Haueisen, Eva H Stukenbrock, Pawel Borowicz, Zhaohui Liu, Timothy L Friesen","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-08-24-0090-TA","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-08-24-0090-TA","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability of laser scanning confocal microscopy to generate high-contrast 2D and 3D images has become essential in studying plant-fungal interactions. Techniques such as visualization of native fluorescence, fluorescent protein tagging of microbes, green fluorescent protein (GFP)/red fluorescent protein (RFP)-fusion proteins, and fluorescent labeling of plant and fungal proteins have been widely used to aid in these investigations. Use of fluorescent proteins has several pitfalls, including variability of expression in planta and the requirement of gene transformation. Here, we used the unlabeled pathogens <i>Parastagonospora nodorum</i>, <i>Pyrenophora teres</i> f. <i>teres</i>, and <i>Cercospora beticola</i> infecting wheat, barley, and sugar beet, respectively, to show the utility of a staining and imaging pipeline that uses propidium iodide (PI), which stains RNA and DNA, and wheat germ agglutinin labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (WGA-FITC), which stains chitin, to visualize fungal colonization of plants. This pipeline relies on the use of KOH to remove the cutin layer of the leaf, increasing its permeability, allowing the different stains to penetrate and effectively bind to their targets, resulting in a consistent visualization of cellular structures. To expand the utility of this pipeline, we used the staining techniques in conjunction with machine learning to analyze fungal biomass through volume analysis, as well as quantifying nuclear breakdown, an early indicator of programmed cell death (PCD). This pipeline is simple to use, robust, consistent across host and fungal species, and can be applied to most plant-fungal interactions. Therefore, this pipeline can be used to characterize model systems as well as nonmodel interactions where transformation is not routine. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 \"No Rights Reserved\" license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"804-813"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142291743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Diazeniumdiolate Signal in <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> Upregulates Virulence Factors and Promotes Survival in Plants.","authors":"Qiang Guo, Caitlin N Vitro, Drake M Crawford, Bo Li","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-06-24-0069-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-06-24-0069-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> infects a wide variety of crops. The <i>mangotoxin-generating operon</i> (<i>mgo</i>) is conserved across many <i>P. syringae</i> strains and is responsible for producing an extracellular chemical signal, leudiazen. Disruption of the <i>mgoA</i> gene in <i>P. syringae</i> pv. <i>syringae</i> (<i>Pss</i>) UMAF0158 alleviated tomato chlorosis caused by this bacterium. We showed that deletion of the entire <i>mgo</i> reduced <i>Pss</i> UMAF0158 population in tomato leaflets. Leudiazen restored the signaling activity of the deletion mutant at a concentration as low as 10 nM. Both the diazeniumdiolate and isobutyl groups of leudiazen are critical for this potent signaling activity. Transcriptional analysis showed that <i>mgo</i> and leudiazen induce the expression of <i>mangotoxin biosynthetic operon</i> as well as an uncharacterized gene cluster, RS17235-RS17245. We found that this cluster enhances the survival of <i>Pss</i> UMAF0158 in planta and is widely distributed in <i>P. syringae</i> strains. Our results demonstrate that <i>mgo</i> plays prominent roles in the virulence and growth of <i>P. syringae</i>. The <i>mgo</i> and <i>mgo</i>-like signaling systems in different bacteria likely regulate diverse microbe-host interactions. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"776-783"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141988400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SymRK Regulates G-Protein Signaling During Nodulation in Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) by Modifying RGS Phosphorylation and Activity.","authors":"Swarup Roy Choudhury, Sona Pandey","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-04-24-0036-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-04-24-0036-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecular interspecies dialogue between leguminous plants and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia results in the development of symbiotic root nodules. This is initiated by several nodulation-related receptors present on the surface of root hair epidermal cells. We have shown previously that specific subunits of heterotrimeric G-proteins and their associated regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins act as molecular links between the receptors and downstream components during nodule formation in soybeans. Nod factor receptor 1 (NFR1) interacts with and phosphorylates RGS proteins to regulate the G-protein cycle. Symbiosis receptor-like kinases (SymRK) phosphorylate Gα to make it inactive and unavailable for Gβγ. We now show that like NFR1, SymRK also interacts with the RGS proteins to phosphorylate them. Phosphorylated RGS has higher activity for accelerating guanosine triphosphate (GTP) hydrolysis by Gα, which favors conversion of active Gα to its inactive form. Phosphorylation of RGS proteins is physiologically relevant, as overexpression of a phospho-mimic version of the RGS protein enhances nodule formation in soybean. These results reveal an intricate fine-tuning of the G-protein signaling during nodulation, where a negative regulator (Gα) is effectively deactivated by RGS due to the concerted efforts of several receptor proteins to ensure adequate nodulation. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"765-775"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Soybean Cyst Nematode Effector Cysteine Protease 1 (CPR1) Targets a Mitochondrial Soybean Branched-Chain Amino Acid Aminotransferase (GmBCAT1).","authors":"Alexandra Margets, Jessica Foster, Anil Kumar, Tom R Maier, Rick Masonbrink, Joffrey Mejias, Thomas J Baum, Roger W Innes","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-06-24-0068-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-06-24-0068-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The soybean cyst nematode (SCN; <i>Heterodera glycines</i>) facilitates infection by secreting a repertoire of effector proteins into host cells to establish a permanent feeding site composed of a syncytium of root cells. Among the diverse proteins secreted by the nematode, we were specifically interested in identifying proteases to pursue our goal of engineering decoy substrates that elicit an immune response when cleaved by an SCN protease. We identified a cysteine protease that we named Cysteine Protease 1 (CPR1), which was predicted to be a secreted effector based on transcriptomic data obtained from SCN esophageal gland cells, the presence of a signal peptide, and the lack of transmembrane domains. CPR1 is conserved in all isolates of SCN sequenced to date, suggesting it is critical for virulence. Transient expression of CPR1 in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> leaves suppressed cell death induced by a constitutively active nucleotide binding leucine-rich repeat protein, RPS5, indicating that CPR1 inhibits effector-triggered immunity. CPR1 localizes in part to the mitochondria when expressed in planta. Proximity-based labeling in transgenic soybean roots, co-immunoprecipitation, and cleavage assays identified a branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase from soybean (GmBCAT1) as a substrate of CPR1. Consistent with this, GmBCAT1 also localizes to mitochondria. Silencing of the <i>CPR1</i> transcript in the nematode reduced penetration frequency in soybean roots, while the expression of <i>CPR1</i> in soybean roots enhanced susceptibility. Our data demonstrates that CPR1 is a conserved effector protease with a direct target in soybean roots, highlighting it as a promising candidate for decoy engineering. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"751-764"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Enemy to Ally: Harnessing CPR1 for Soybean Defense Strategies.","authors":"Meenu Singla-Rastogi","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-10-24-0134-CM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-10-24-0134-CM","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":"37 11","pages":"749-750"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142770386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interspecies Expression of an EF-HAND CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEIN in <i>Xanthomonas perforans</i> Leads to Reduced Virulence and Decreased Immune Evasion in Tomato Plants.","authors":"Shaheen Bibi, Gerald V Minsavage, J Figueiredo, Sujan Timilsina, Kayla Margin, Juliana Quay, Hannah Bendure, Elizabeth Ryerson, Cliff Calloway, Jacob Andring, Aastha Subedi, Robert McKenna, Paul Gulig, Erica M Goss, Jason C Hurlbert, Jeffrey B Jones","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-07-24-0073-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-07-24-0073-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many phytopathogenic bacteria require a type III secretion system (TTSS) to activate effector-triggered immunity (ETI). We identified a calcium-binding protein, EfhX_Xfa, in the citrus pathogen <i>Xanthomonas citri</i> subsp. <i>aurantifolii</i> that does not require a TTSS to activate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elicit a hypersensitive reaction (HR) in tomato leaves following infection. Purified, recombinant EfhX_Xfa was shown to bind two moles of calcium per mole of protein, whereas mutation of the first of two EF-hands did not bind calcium. EfhX_Xfa expression was determined to be inducible in hrp-inducing medium. Additionally, growth of <i>X. perforans</i> transconjugants with and without the <i>efhX</i>_Xfa gene in hrp-inducing medium differed in intracellular calcium concentration; the transconjugant without <i>efhX</i>_Xfa yielded higher cell pellet masses and higher increased intracellular calcium concentrations relative to cells expressing EfhX_Xfa. An EfhX_Xfa homolog, EfhX_Xe, present in the pepper pathogen <i>X. euvesicatoria</i>, triggered ROS production and an HR in tomato leaves when expressed in the tomato pathogen <i>X. perforans</i> and is a host-limiting factor. Interestingly, all tested <i>X. perforans</i> and <i>X. euvesicatoria</i> strains pathogenic on tomato contain a stop codon immediately upstream of the first EF-hand domain in the <i>efhX</i>_Xe gene, whereas most <i>X. euvesicatoria</i> strains pathogenic on pepper do not. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"784-800"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeing Is Believing: How Cry Protein Targets Soybean Cyst Nematode Infecting Soybean.","authors":"Ved Prakash","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-09-24-0117-CM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-09-24-0117-CM","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":"37 10","pages":"699-700"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}