Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions最新文献

{"title":"Infection of Alfalfa Cotyledons by an Incompatible but Not a Compatible Species of <i>Colletotrichum</i> Induces Formation of Paramural Bodies and Secretion of EVs.","authors":"Suchismita Ghosh, Kamesh C Regmi, Barry Stein, Jun Chen, Richard J O'Connell, Roger W Innes","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-04-24-0045-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-04-24-0045-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemibiotrophic fungi in the genus <i>Colletotrichum</i> employ a biotrophic phase to invade host epidermal cells followed by a necrotrophic phase to spread through neighboring mesophyll and epidermal cells. We used serial block face-scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) to compare subcellular changes that occur in <i>Medicago sativa</i> (alfalfa) cotyledons during infection by <i>Colletotrichum destructivum</i> (compatible on <i>M. sativa</i>) and <i>C. higginsianum</i> (incompatible on <i>M. sativa</i>). Three-dimensional reconstruction of serial images revealed that alfalfa epidermal cells infected with <i>C. destructivum</i> undergo massive cytological changes during the first 60 h following inoculation to accommodate extensive intracellular hyphal growth. Conversely, inoculation with the incompatible species <i>C. higginsianum</i> resulted in no successful penetration events and frequent formation of papilla-like structures and cytoplasmic aggregates beneath attempted fungal penetration sites. Further analysis of the incompatible interaction using focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) revealed the formation of large multivesicular body-like structures that appeared spherical and were not visible in compatible interactions. These structures often fused with the host plasma membrane, giving rise to paramural bodies that appeared to be releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs). Isolation of EVs from the apoplastic space of alfalfa leaves at 60 h postinoculation showed significantly more vesicles secreted from alfalfa infected with incompatible fungus compared with compatible fungus, which in turn was more than produced by noninfected plants. Thus, the increased frequency of paramural bodies during incompatible interactions correlated with an increase in EV quantity in apoplastic wash fluids. Together, these results suggest that EVs and paramural bodies contribute to immunity during pathogen attack in alfalfa. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"721-735"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141469535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylodynamic Insights into Global Emergence and Diversification of the Tomato Pathogen <i>Xanthomonas hortorum</i> pv. <i>gardneri</i>.","authors":"Mustafa O Jibrin, Anuj Sharma, Carla N Mavian, Sujan Timilsina, Amandeep Kaur, Fernanda Iruegas-Bocardo, Neha Potnis, Gerald V Minsavage, Teresa A Coutinho, Tom C Creswell, Daniel S Egel, David M Francis, Misrak Kebede, Sally A Miller, María J Montelongo, Ekaterina Nikolaeva, María J Pianzzola, Olivier Pruvost, Alice M Quezado-Duval, Gail E Ruhl, Vou M Shutt, Elizabeth Maynard, Diego C Maeso, María I Siri, Cheryl L Trueman, Marco Salemi, Gary E Vallad, Pamela D Roberts, Jeffrey B Jones, Erica M Goss","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-04-24-0035-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-04-24-0035-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of plant pathogens is often associated with waves of unique evolutionary and epidemiological events. <i>Xanthomonas hortorum</i> pv. <i>gardneri</i> is one of the major pathogens causing bacterial spot disease of tomatoes. After its first report in the 1950s, there were no formal reports on this pathogen until the 1990s, despite active global research on the pathogens that cause tomato and pepper bacterial spot disease. Given the recently documented global distribution of <i>X. hortorum</i> pv. <i>gardneri</i>, our objective was to examine genomic diversification associated with its emergence. We sequenced the genomes of <i>X. hortorum</i> pv. <i>gardneri</i> strains collected in eight countries to examine global population structure and pathways of emergence using phylodynamic analysis. We found that strains isolated post-1990 group by region of collection and show minimal impact of recombination on genetic variation. A period of rapid geographic expansion in <i>X. hortorum</i> pv. <i>gardneri</i> is associated with acquisition of a large plasmid conferring copper tolerance by horizontal transfer and coincides with the burgeoning hybrid tomato seed industry through the 1980s. The ancestry of <i>X. hortorum</i> pv. <i>gardneri</i> is consistent with introduction to hybrid tomato seed production and dissemination during the rapid increase in trade of hybrid seeds. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"712-720"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141469637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunolocalization and Ultrastructure Show Ingestion of Cry Protein Expressed in <i>Glycine max</i> by <i>Heterodera glycines</i> and Its Mode of Action.","authors":"R Howard Berg, Theodore W Kahn, Michael T McCarville, Jayme Williams, Kirk J Czymmek, Julia Daum","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-02-24-0021-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-02-24-0021-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Great interest exists in developing a transgenic trait that controls the economically important soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) pest, soybean cyst nematode (SCN, <i>Heterodera glycines</i>), due to its adaptation to native resistance. Soybean plants expressing the <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> delta-endotoxin, Cry14Ab, were recently demonstrated to control SCN in both growth chamber and field testing. In that communication, ingestion of the Cry14Ab toxin by SCN second stage juveniles (J2s) was demonstrated using fluorescently labeled Cry14Ab in an in vitro assay. Here, we show that consistent with expectations for a Cry toxin, Cry14Ab has a mode of action unique from the native resistance sources Peking and PI 88788. Further, we demonstrate in planta the ingestion and localization of the Cry14Ab toxin in the midgut of nematodes feeding on roots expressing Cry14Ab using immunogold labeling and transmission electron microscopy. We observed immunolocalization of the toxin and resulting intestinal damage primarily in the microvillus-like structure (MvL)-containing region of the midgut intestine but not in nematodes feeding on roots lacking toxin. This demonstrated that Cry14Ab was taken up by the J2 SCN, presumably through the feeding tube within the plant root cell that serves as its feeding site. This suggests that relatively large proteins can be taken up through the feeding tube. Electron microscopy showed that Cry14Ab caused lysis of the midgut MvL membrane and eventual degradation of the MvL and the lysate, forming particulate aggregates. The accumulated electron-dense aggregate in the posterior midgut intestine was not observed in SCN in nonCry14Ab-expressing plants. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"701-711"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Acquisitions of XopJ2 Effectors in Populations of <i>Xanthomonas perforans</i>.","authors":"Anuj Sharma, Fernanda Iruegas-Bocardo, Shaheen Bibi, Yun-Chu Chen, Jung-Gun Kim, Peter Abrahamian, Gerald V Minsavage, Jason C Hurlbert, Gary E Vallad, Mary B Mudgett, Jeffrey B Jones, Erica M Goss","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-05-24-0048-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-05-24-0048-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type III effectors (T3Es) are major determinants of <i>Xanthomonas</i> virulence and targets for resistance breeding. XopJ2 (synonym AvrBsT) is a highly conserved YopJ-family T3E acquired by <i>X. perforans</i>, the pathogen responsible for bacterial spot disease of tomato. In this study, we characterized a new variant (XopJ2b) of XopJ2, which is predicted to have a similar three-dimensional (3D) structure as the canonical XopJ2 (XopJ2a) despite sharing only 70% sequence identity. XopJ2b carries an acetyltransferase domain and the critical residues required for its activity, and the positions of these residues are predicted to be conserved in the 3D structure of the proteins. We demonstrated that XopJ2b is a functional T3E and triggers a hypersensitive response (HR) when translocated into pepper cells. Like XopJ2a, XopJ2b triggers HR in <i>Arabidopsis</i> that is suppressed by the deacetylase, SOBER1. We found <i>xopJ2b</i> in genome sequences of <i>X. euvesicatoria</i>, <i>X. citri</i>, <i>X. guizotiae</i>, and <i>X. vasicola</i> strains, suggesting widespread horizontal transfer. In <i>X. perforans</i>, <i>xopJ2b</i> was present in strains collected in North America, Africa, Asia, Australia, and Europe, whereas <i>xopJ2a</i> had a narrower geographic distribution. This study expands the <i>Xanthomonas</i> T3E repertoire, demonstrates functional conservation in T3E evolution, and further supports the importance of XopJ2 in <i>X. perforans</i> fitness on tomato. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"736-747"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141893869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of the Sensor Histidine Kinases PhcS and VsrA to the Quorum Sensing of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum Strain OE1-1.","authors":"Wakana Senuma,Kazusa Hayashi,Masayuki Tsuzuki,Chika Takemura,Yuki Terazawa,Akinori Kiba,Kouhei Ohnishi,Kenji Kai,Yasufumi Hikichi","doi":"10.1094/mpmi-05-24-0049-r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-05-24-0049-r","url":null,"abstract":"The soilborne Gram-negative phytopathogenic beta-proteobacterium Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum strain OE1-1 produces methyl 3-hydroxymyristate (3-OH MAME) as the quorum sensing (QS) signal by the methyltransferase PhcB and senses the chemical, activating the LysR family transcriptional regulator PhcA, which regulates the QS-dependent genes responsible for QS-dependent phenotypes including virulence. The sensor histidine kinases PhcS and VsrA are reportedly involved in the regulation of QS-dependent genes. To elucidate the function of PhcS and VsrA in the active QS, we generated the phcS-deletion and vsrA-deletion mutants, which exhibited weak changes to their QS-dependent phenotypes including virulence. The phcS and vsrA-deletion mutant (ΔphcS/vsrA) had significant changes in its QS-dependent phenotypes and was nonvirulent, similar to the phcA-deletion mutant. The mutant (PhcS-H230Q) with a substitution of histidine to glutamine at amino acid position 230 in PhcS but not the mutant (VsrA-H256Q) with a substitution of histidine to glutamine at amino acid position 256 in VsrA exhibited significant changes in QS-dependent phenotypes and lost virulence. The transcriptome analysis with RNA-sequencing revealed significant alterations to the expression of QS-dependent genes in the ΔphcS/vsrA and PhcS-H230Q but not VsrA-H256Q, similar to the phcA-deletion mutant. The exogenous 3-OH MAME application led to a significantly enhanced QS-inducible major exopolysaccharide EPS I production of the strain OE1-1 and phcB-deletion mutant but not ΔphcS/vsrA and PhcS-H230Q. Collectively, results of the present genetic study suggested that PhcS contributes to QS along with VsrA and that histidine at amino acid position 230 of PhcS is required for 3-OH MAME sensing, thereby influencing QS-dependent phenotypes including virulence of the strain OE1-1. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 \"No Rights Reserved\" license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2024.","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":"9 1","pages":"MPMI05240049R"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability in Chromosome 1 of Select Moroccan <i>Pyrenophora teres</i> f. <i>teres</i> Isolates Overcomes a Highly Effective Barley Chromosome 6H Source of Resistance.","authors":"Jinling Li, Nathan A Wyatt, Ryan M Skiba, Gayan K Kariyawasam, Jonathan K Richards, Karl Effertz, Sajid Rehman, Zhaohui Liu, Robert S Brueggeman, Timothy L Friesen","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-10-23-0159-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-10-23-0159-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Barley net form net blotch (NFNB) is a destructive foliar disease caused by <i>Pyrenophora teres</i> f. <i>teres.</i> Barley line CIho5791, which harbors the broadly effective chromosome 6H resistance gene <i>Rpt5</i>, displays dominant resistance to <i>P. teres</i> f. <i>teres</i>. To genetically characterize <i>P. teres</i> f. <i>teres</i> avirulence/virulence on the barley line CIho5791, we generated a <i>P. teres</i> f. <i>teres</i> mapping population using a cross between the Moroccan CIho5791-virulent isolate MorSM40-3 and the avirulent reference isolate 0-1. Full genome sequences were generated for 103 progenies. Saturated chromosome-level genetic maps were generated, and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping identified two major QTL associated with <i>P. teres</i> f. <i>teres</i> avirulence/virulence on CIho5791. The most significant QTL mapped to chromosome (Ch) 1, where the virulent allele was contributed by MorSM40-3. A second QTL mapped to Ch8; however, this virulent allele was contributed by the avirulent parent 0-1. The Ch1 and Ch8 loci accounted for 27 and 15% of the disease variation, respectively, and the avirulent allele at the Ch1 locus was epistatic over the virulent allele at the Ch8 locus. As a validation, we used a natural <i>P. teres</i> f. <i>teres</i> population in a genome-wide association study that identified the same Ch1 and Ch8 loci. We then generated a new reference quality genome assembly of parental isolate MorSM40-3 with annotation supported by deep transcriptome sequencing of infection time points. The annotation identified candidate genes predicted to encode small, secreted proteins, one or more of which are likely responsible for overcoming the CIho5791 resistance. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 \"No Rights Reserved\" license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"676-687"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141419952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paths of Least Resistance: Unconventional Effector Secretion by Fungal and Oomycete Plant Pathogens.","authors":"Nawaraj Dulal, Richard A Wilson","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-12-23-0212-CR","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-12-23-0212-CR","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effector secretion by different routes mediates the molecular interplay between host plant and pathogen, but mechanistic details in eukaryotes are sparse. This may limit the discovery of new effectors that could be utilized for improving host plant disease resistance. In fungi and oomycetes, apoplastic effectors are secreted via the conventional endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi pathway, while cytoplasmic effectors are packaged into vesicles that bypass Golgi in an unconventional protein secretion (UPS) pathway. In <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i>, the Golgi bypass UPS pathway incorporates components of the exocyst complex and a t-SNARE, presumably to fuse Golgi bypass vesicles to the fungal plasma membrane. Upstream, cytoplasmic effector mRNA translation in <i>M. oryzae</i> requires the efficient decoding of AA-ending codons. This involves the modification of wobble uridines in the anticodon loop of cognate tRNAs and fine-tunes cytoplasmic effector translation and secretion rates to maintain biotrophic interfacial complex integrity and permit host infection. Thus, plant-fungal interface integrity is intimately tied to effector codon usage, which is a surprising constraint on pathogenicity. Here, we discuss these findings within the context of fungal and oomycete effector discovery, delivery, and function in host cells. We show how cracking the codon code for unconventional cytoplasmic effector secretion in <i>M. oryzae</i> has revealed AA-ending codon usage bias in cytoplasmic effector mRNAs across kingdoms, including within the RxLR-dEER motif-encoding sequence of a bona fide <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> cytoplasmic effector, suggesting its subjection to translational speed control. By focusing on recent developments in understanding unconventional effector secretion, we draw attention to this important but understudied area of host-pathogen interactions. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"653-661"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141469536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding the Fancy Coat Worn by Rhizobia in Symbiosis.","authors":"Ruby Tiwari, Jawahar Singh","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-09-24-0109-CM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-09-24-0109-CM","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":"37 9","pages":"651-652"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142350549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhizobial Secretion of Truncated Exopolysaccharides Severely Impairs the <i>Mesorhizobium-Lotus</i> Symbiosis.","authors":"Todd Wightman, Artur Muszyński, Simon J Kelly, John T Sullivan, Caitlan J Smart, Jens Stougaard, Shaun Ferguson, Parastoo Azadi, Clive W Ronson","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-03-24-0024-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-03-24-0024-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The symbiosis between <i>Mesorhizobium japonicum</i> R7A and <i>Lotus japonicus</i> Gifu is an important model system for investigating the role of bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) in plant-microbe interactions. Previously, we showed that R7A <i>exoB</i> mutants that are affected at an early stage of EPS synthesis and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis induce effective nodules on <i>L. japonicus</i> Gifu after a delay, whereas <i>exoU</i> mutants affected in the biosynthesis of the EPS side chain induce small uninfected nodule primordia and are impaired in infection. The presence of a halo around the <i>exoU</i> mutant when grown on Calcofluor-containing media suggested the mutant secreted a truncated version of R7A EPS. A nonpolar Δ<i>exoA</i> mutant defective in the addition of the first glucose residue to the EPS backbone was also severely impaired symbiotically. Here, we used a suppressor screen to show that the severe symbiotic phenotype of the <i>exoU</i> mutant was due to the secretion of an acetylated pentasaccharide, as both monomers and oligomers, by the same Wzx/Wzy system that transports wild-type exopolysaccharide. We also present evidence that the Δ<i>exoA</i> mutant secretes an oligosaccharide by the same transport system, contributing to its symbiotic phenotype. In contrast, Δ<i>exoYF</i> and polar <i>exoA</i> and <i>exoL</i> mutants have a similar phenotype to <i>exoB</i> mutants, forming effective nodules after a delay. These studies provide substantial evidence that secreted incompatible EPS is perceived by the plant, leading to abrogation of the infection process. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"662-675"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141432351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the Complexity and Functionality of Plant Virus Protein Phosphorylation.","authors":"Yuansheng Wu, Na Liu, Chengxu Zheng, Dongyuan Li, Shanshan Li, Jianguo Wu, Shanshan Zhao","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-04-24-0034-CR","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-04-24-0034-CR","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phosphorylation, the most extensive and pleiotropic form of protein posttranslation modification, is central to cellular signal transduction. Throughout the extensive co-evolution of plant hosts and viruses, modifications to phosphorylation have served multiple purposes. Such modifications highlight the evolutionary trajectories of viruses and their hosts, with pivotal roles in regulation and refinement of host-virus interactions. In plant hosts, protein phosphorylation orchestrates immune responses, enhancing the activities of defense-related proteins such as kinases and transcription factors, thereby strengthening pathogen resistance in plants. Moreover, phosphorylation influences the interactions between host and viral proteins, altering viral spread and replication within host plants. In the context of plant viruses, protein phosphorylation controls key aspects of the infection cycle, including viral protein functionality and the interplay between viruses and host plant cells, leading to effects on viral accumulation and dissemination within plant tissues. Explorations of the nuances of protein phosphorylation in plant hosts and their interactions with viruses are particularly important. This review provides a systematic summary of the biological roles of the proteins of plant viruses carrying diverse genomes in regulating infection and host responses through changes in the phosphorylation status. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"598-610"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141176179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}