Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions最新文献

{"title":"Rethinking Growth and Defense: miR472 as a Sensor and Regulator of Plant Immunity.","authors":"Jawahar Singh, Ved Prakash","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-12-24-0157-CM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-12-24-0157-CM","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":"37 12","pages":"802-803"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assembly and Evaluation of a Confocal Microscopy Image Analysis Pipeline Useful in Revealing the Secrets of Plant-Fungal Interactions.","authors":"Ashley C Nelson, Gayan K Kariyawasam, Nathan A Wyatt, Jinling Li, Janine Haueisen, Eva H Stukenbrock, Pawel Borowicz, Zhaohui Liu, Timothy L Friesen","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-08-24-0090-TA","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-08-24-0090-TA","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability of laser scanning confocal microscopy to generate high-contrast 2D and 3D images has become essential in studying plant-fungal interactions. Techniques such as visualization of native fluorescence, fluorescent protein tagging of microbes, green fluorescent protein (GFP)/red fluorescent protein (RFP)-fusion proteins, and fluorescent labeling of plant and fungal proteins have been widely used to aid in these investigations. Use of fluorescent proteins has several pitfalls, including variability of expression in planta and the requirement of gene transformation. Here, we used the unlabeled pathogens <i>Parastagonospora nodorum</i>, <i>Pyrenophora teres</i> f. <i>teres</i>, and <i>Cercospora beticola</i> infecting wheat, barley, and sugar beet, respectively, to show the utility of a staining and imaging pipeline that uses propidium iodide (PI), which stains RNA and DNA, and wheat germ agglutinin labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (WGA-FITC), which stains chitin, to visualize fungal colonization of plants. This pipeline relies on the use of KOH to remove the cutin layer of the leaf, increasing its permeability, allowing the different stains to penetrate and effectively bind to their targets, resulting in a consistent visualization of cellular structures. To expand the utility of this pipeline, we used the staining techniques in conjunction with machine learning to analyze fungal biomass through volume analysis, as well as quantifying nuclear breakdown, an early indicator of programmed cell death (PCD). This pipeline is simple to use, robust, consistent across host and fungal species, and can be applied to most plant-fungal interactions. Therefore, this pipeline can be used to characterize model systems as well as nonmodel interactions where transformation is not routine. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 \"No Rights Reserved\" license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"804-813"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142291743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Diazeniumdiolate Signal in <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> Upregulates Virulence Factors and Promotes Survival in Plants.","authors":"Qiang Guo, Caitlin N Vitro, Drake M Crawford, Bo Li","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-06-24-0069-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-06-24-0069-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> infects a wide variety of crops. The <i>mangotoxin-generating operon</i> (<i>mgo</i>) is conserved across many <i>P. syringae</i> strains and is responsible for producing an extracellular chemical signal, leudiazen. Disruption of the <i>mgoA</i> gene in <i>P. syringae</i> pv. <i>syringae</i> (<i>Pss</i>) UMAF0158 alleviated tomato chlorosis caused by this bacterium. We showed that deletion of the entire <i>mgo</i> reduced <i>Pss</i> UMAF0158 population in tomato leaflets. Leudiazen restored the signaling activity of the deletion mutant at a concentration as low as 10 nM. Both the diazeniumdiolate and isobutyl groups of leudiazen are critical for this potent signaling activity. Transcriptional analysis showed that <i>mgo</i> and leudiazen induce the expression of <i>mangotoxin biosynthetic operon</i> as well as an uncharacterized gene cluster, RS17235-RS17245. We found that this cluster enhances the survival of <i>Pss</i> UMAF0158 in planta and is widely distributed in <i>P. syringae</i> strains. Our results demonstrate that <i>mgo</i> plays prominent roles in the virulence and growth of <i>P. syringae</i>. The <i>mgo</i> and <i>mgo</i>-like signaling systems in different bacteria likely regulate diverse microbe-host interactions. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"776-783"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141988400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SymRK Regulates G-Protein Signaling During Nodulation in Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) by Modifying RGS Phosphorylation and Activity.","authors":"Swarup Roy Choudhury, Sona Pandey","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-04-24-0036-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-04-24-0036-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecular interspecies dialogue between leguminous plants and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia results in the development of symbiotic root nodules. This is initiated by several nodulation-related receptors present on the surface of root hair epidermal cells. We have shown previously that specific subunits of heterotrimeric G-proteins and their associated regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins act as molecular links between the receptors and downstream components during nodule formation in soybeans. Nod factor receptor 1 (NFR1) interacts with and phosphorylates RGS proteins to regulate the G-protein cycle. Symbiosis receptor-like kinases (SymRK) phosphorylate Gα to make it inactive and unavailable for Gβγ. We now show that like NFR1, SymRK also interacts with the RGS proteins to phosphorylate them. Phosphorylated RGS has higher activity for accelerating guanosine triphosphate (GTP) hydrolysis by Gα, which favors conversion of active Gα to its inactive form. Phosphorylation of RGS proteins is physiologically relevant, as overexpression of a phospho-mimic version of the RGS protein enhances nodule formation in soybean. These results reveal an intricate fine-tuning of the G-protein signaling during nodulation, where a negative regulator (Gα) is effectively deactivated by RGS due to the concerted efforts of several receptor proteins to ensure adequate nodulation. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"765-775"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Soybean Cyst Nematode Effector Cysteine Protease 1 (CPR1) Targets a Mitochondrial Soybean Branched-Chain Amino Acid Aminotransferase (GmBCAT1).","authors":"Alexandra Margets, Jessica Foster, Anil Kumar, Tom R Maier, Rick Masonbrink, Joffrey Mejias, Thomas J Baum, Roger W Innes","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-06-24-0068-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-06-24-0068-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The soybean cyst nematode (SCN; <i>Heterodera glycines</i>) facilitates infection by secreting a repertoire of effector proteins into host cells to establish a permanent feeding site composed of a syncytium of root cells. Among the diverse proteins secreted by the nematode, we were specifically interested in identifying proteases to pursue our goal of engineering decoy substrates that elicit an immune response when cleaved by an SCN protease. We identified a cysteine protease that we named Cysteine Protease 1 (CPR1), which was predicted to be a secreted effector based on transcriptomic data obtained from SCN esophageal gland cells, the presence of a signal peptide, and the lack of transmembrane domains. CPR1 is conserved in all isolates of SCN sequenced to date, suggesting it is critical for virulence. Transient expression of CPR1 in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> leaves suppressed cell death induced by a constitutively active nucleotide binding leucine-rich repeat protein, RPS5, indicating that CPR1 inhibits effector-triggered immunity. CPR1 localizes in part to the mitochondria when expressed in planta. Proximity-based labeling in transgenic soybean roots, co-immunoprecipitation, and cleavage assays identified a branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase from soybean (GmBCAT1) as a substrate of CPR1. Consistent with this, GmBCAT1 also localizes to mitochondria. Silencing of the <i>CPR1</i> transcript in the nematode reduced penetration frequency in soybean roots, while the expression of <i>CPR1</i> in soybean roots enhanced susceptibility. Our data demonstrates that CPR1 is a conserved effector protease with a direct target in soybean roots, highlighting it as a promising candidate for decoy engineering. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"751-764"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Enemy to Ally: Harnessing CPR1 for Soybean Defense Strategies.","authors":"Meenu Singla-Rastogi","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-10-24-0134-CM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-10-24-0134-CM","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":"37 11","pages":"749-750"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142770386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interspecies Expression of an EF-HAND CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEIN in <i>Xanthomonas perforans</i> Leads to Reduced Virulence and Decreased Immune Evasion in Tomato Plants.","authors":"Shaheen Bibi, Gerald V Minsavage, J Figueiredo, Sujan Timilsina, Kayla Margin, Juliana Quay, Hannah Bendure, Elizabeth Ryerson, Cliff Calloway, Jacob Andring, Aastha Subedi, Robert McKenna, Paul Gulig, Erica M Goss, Jason C Hurlbert, Jeffrey B Jones","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-07-24-0073-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-07-24-0073-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many phytopathogenic bacteria require a type III secretion system (TTSS) to activate effector-triggered immunity (ETI). We identified a calcium-binding protein, EfhX_Xfa, in the citrus pathogen <i>Xanthomonas citri</i> subsp. <i>aurantifolii</i> that does not require a TTSS to activate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elicit a hypersensitive reaction (HR) in tomato leaves following infection. Purified, recombinant EfhX_Xfa was shown to bind two moles of calcium per mole of protein, whereas mutation of the first of two EF-hands did not bind calcium. EfhX_Xfa expression was determined to be inducible in hrp-inducing medium. Additionally, growth of <i>X. perforans</i> transconjugants with and without the <i>efhX</i>_Xfa gene in hrp-inducing medium differed in intracellular calcium concentration; the transconjugant without <i>efhX</i>_Xfa yielded higher cell pellet masses and higher increased intracellular calcium concentrations relative to cells expressing EfhX_Xfa. An EfhX_Xfa homolog, EfhX_Xe, present in the pepper pathogen <i>X. euvesicatoria</i>, triggered ROS production and an HR in tomato leaves when expressed in the tomato pathogen <i>X. perforans</i> and is a host-limiting factor. Interestingly, all tested <i>X. perforans</i> and <i>X. euvesicatoria</i> strains pathogenic on tomato contain a stop codon immediately upstream of the first EF-hand domain in the <i>efhX</i>_Xe gene, whereas most <i>X. euvesicatoria</i> strains pathogenic on pepper do not. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"784-800"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeing Is Believing: How Cry Protein Targets Soybean Cyst Nematode Infecting Soybean.","authors":"Ved Prakash","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-09-24-0117-CM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-09-24-0117-CM","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":"37 10","pages":"699-700"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection of Alfalfa Cotyledons by an Incompatible but Not a Compatible Species of <i>Colletotrichum</i> Induces Formation of Paramural Bodies and Secretion of EVs.","authors":"Suchismita Ghosh, Kamesh C Regmi, Barry Stein, Jun Chen, Richard J O'Connell, Roger W Innes","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-04-24-0045-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-04-24-0045-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemibiotrophic fungi in the genus <i>Colletotrichum</i> employ a biotrophic phase to invade host epidermal cells followed by a necrotrophic phase to spread through neighboring mesophyll and epidermal cells. We used serial block face-scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) to compare subcellular changes that occur in <i>Medicago sativa</i> (alfalfa) cotyledons during infection by <i>Colletotrichum destructivum</i> (compatible on <i>M. sativa</i>) and <i>C. higginsianum</i> (incompatible on <i>M. sativa</i>). Three-dimensional reconstruction of serial images revealed that alfalfa epidermal cells infected with <i>C. destructivum</i> undergo massive cytological changes during the first 60 h following inoculation to accommodate extensive intracellular hyphal growth. Conversely, inoculation with the incompatible species <i>C. higginsianum</i> resulted in no successful penetration events and frequent formation of papilla-like structures and cytoplasmic aggregates beneath attempted fungal penetration sites. Further analysis of the incompatible interaction using focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) revealed the formation of large multivesicular body-like structures that appeared spherical and were not visible in compatible interactions. These structures often fused with the host plasma membrane, giving rise to paramural bodies that appeared to be releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs). Isolation of EVs from the apoplastic space of alfalfa leaves at 60 h postinoculation showed significantly more vesicles secreted from alfalfa infected with incompatible fungus compared with compatible fungus, which in turn was more than produced by noninfected plants. Thus, the increased frequency of paramural bodies during incompatible interactions correlated with an increase in EV quantity in apoplastic wash fluids. Together, these results suggest that EVs and paramural bodies contribute to immunity during pathogen attack in alfalfa. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"721-735"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141469535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylodynamic Insights into Global Emergence and Diversification of the Tomato Pathogen <i>Xanthomonas hortorum</i> pv. <i>gardneri</i>.","authors":"Mustafa O Jibrin, Anuj Sharma, Carla N Mavian, Sujan Timilsina, Amandeep Kaur, Fernanda Iruegas-Bocardo, Neha Potnis, Gerald V Minsavage, Teresa A Coutinho, Tom C Creswell, Daniel S Egel, David M Francis, Misrak Kebede, Sally A Miller, María J Montelongo, Ekaterina Nikolaeva, María J Pianzzola, Olivier Pruvost, Alice M Quezado-Duval, Gail E Ruhl, Vou M Shutt, Elizabeth Maynard, Diego C Maeso, María I Siri, Cheryl L Trueman, Marco Salemi, Gary E Vallad, Pamela D Roberts, Jeffrey B Jones, Erica M Goss","doi":"10.1094/MPMI-04-24-0035-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/MPMI-04-24-0035-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of plant pathogens is often associated with waves of unique evolutionary and epidemiological events. <i>Xanthomonas hortorum</i> pv. <i>gardneri</i> is one of the major pathogens causing bacterial spot disease of tomatoes. After its first report in the 1950s, there were no formal reports on this pathogen until the 1990s, despite active global research on the pathogens that cause tomato and pepper bacterial spot disease. Given the recently documented global distribution of <i>X. hortorum</i> pv. <i>gardneri</i>, our objective was to examine genomic diversification associated with its emergence. We sequenced the genomes of <i>X. hortorum</i> pv. <i>gardneri</i> strains collected in eight countries to examine global population structure and pathways of emergence using phylodynamic analysis. We found that strains isolated post-1990 group by region of collection and show minimal impact of recombination on genetic variation. A period of rapid geographic expansion in <i>X. hortorum</i> pv. <i>gardneri</i> is associated with acquisition of a large plasmid conferring copper tolerance by horizontal transfer and coincides with the burgeoning hybrid tomato seed industry through the 1980s. The ancestry of <i>X. hortorum</i> pv. <i>gardneri</i> is consistent with introduction to hybrid tomato seed production and dissemination during the rapid increase in trade of hybrid seeds. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":19009,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions","volume":" ","pages":"712-720"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141469637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}