Nature Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"IL-17A-producing γδ T cells control pulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus infection in mice.","authors":"Xiaoqian Hu, Siran Lin, Wenchang Meng, Haoye Liu, Zhijie Qin, Zhihao Wu, Yaqi Wan, Shuai Ma, Xuguang Yang, Zhinan Yin, Yiwei Chu, Wenhong Zhang, Lingyun Shao, Yuli Lin","doi":"10.1038/s41564-026-02466-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-026-02466-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The specific role of γδ T cells in non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections remains incompletely understood. Here we characterized the immune landscape of pulmonary tissues from a Mycobacterium abscessus-infected NTM mice model. Interleukin-17 (IL-17)A⁺ γδ T cells were essential for controlling M. abscessus infection by directly eliminating extracellular bacteria. These cells conferred protective immunity in two mouse models of infection combined with either pulmonary fibrosis or a lack of functional interferon-gamma (IFNγ)-mediated immunity. IL-17A⁺ γδ T cells exerted bactericidal activity via granzyme B-dependent cytotoxic pathways. Absence of IL-17A substantially impaired bacterial recognition and cytotoxic function of IL-17A⁺ γδ T cells, highlighting the cell-intrinsic requirement for IL-17A signalling in γδ T cell activation. M. abscessus recognition through Toll-like receptor 2 induced macrophage production of IL-1β and IL-23, promoting the expansion and activation of IL-17A⁺ γδ T cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells suggests that anti-IFNγ autoantibodies compromise γδ T cell function. Our findings establish IL-17A⁺ γδ T cells as a promising therapeutic target for NTM infections, particularly when IFNγ-dependent immunity is compromised.</p>","PeriodicalId":18992,"journal":{"name":"Nature Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-throughput recovery of integron cassettes for gene discovery screens.","authors":"Filipa Trigo da Roza, André Carvalho, Amalia Prieto, Paula Blanco, Ester Vergara, Rocío López-Igual, Modesto Redrejo-Rodríguez, Melanie Blokesch, José Antonio Escudero","doi":"10.1038/s41564-026-02474-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-026-02474-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Integrons capture functional genes in mobile genetic elements called integron cassettes, which represent an untapped source of genes of biotechnological interest. Here we present two tools, cassette gatherer and cassette hunter, that enable high-throughput establishment of gene libraries either from genetically tractable strains or directly from DNA. We re-engineered a class 1 integron into counterselection markers on a plasmid or on the chromosome of a naturally competent Vibrio cholerae, which enabled capture of single cassettes in a sequence- and function-independent manner. When applied to Vibrio strains and genomic libraries, our tools recovered hundreds of single cassettes per assay with more than 99% specificity. We further subjected the library of cassettes generated by the hunter and gatherer tools to screens against phages ICP2 and T4, and identified nine phage-defence systems, including five previously undescribed. These tools enable rapid and large-scale recovery of integron cassettes that could be leveraged for functional gene discovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":18992,"journal":{"name":"Nature Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BCL-2 inhibition at antiretroviral therapy initiation reduces the intact SIV reservoir in macaques.","authors":"Tomas Raul Wiche Salinas, Justin Harper, Claire Deleage, Kevin Nguyen, James Auger, Hannah R Flores, Sandeep R Kaushik, Amelia C Wilkes, Rachelle L Stammen, Jennifer S Wood, Kirk A Easley, Sydney Nelson, Gregory K Tharp, Steven E Bosinger, Mackenzie L Cottrell, Emek Kose, Taina T Immonen, Jeffrey D Lifson, Gregory M Laird, Brandon F Keele, R Brad Jones, Andrew D Badley, Guido Silvestri, Deanna A Kulpa, Mirko Paiardini","doi":"10.1038/s41564-026-02464-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-026-02464-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The anti-apoptotic molecule BCL-2 favours the maintenance of the CD4⁺ T-cell reservoir during HIV infection. Whether inhibition of BCL-2 can lead to long-term reduction of the HIV reservoir is unclear. Here we initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 24 simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques at 14 days post infection (p.i.), alone or combined with a 10-day treatment of venetoclax or venetoclax and CD8α depletion, with a follow-up to day 294 p.i. We report a rapid and sustained reduction of the intact SIV reservoir in venetoclax-treated rhesus macaques in blood and lymph nodes. CD4⁺ T cells that persisted after venetoclax treatment showed partial reduction in apoptotic sensitivity in ex vivo assays. These exhibited elevated expression of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 and BCL-xL, and showed reduced expression of pro-apoptotic molecules such as PUMA. These findings support the rationale for extended venetoclax dosing and suggest that combining BCL-2 inhibition with agents targeting additional anti-apoptotic molecules could enhance clearance of the viral reservoir in HIV cure strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18992,"journal":{"name":"Nature Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grounding microbial conservation in ecological principles.","authors":"Cinzia Corinaldesi, Karthik Anantharaman, James C Aronson, Brett J Baker, Marco Candela, Bradley Cardinale, Antonio Dell'Anno, Josep M Gasol, Hans-Peter Grossart, Elisa Laiolo, Lisa A Levin, Hidetaka Nomaki, Takuro Nunoura, Antonio Pusceddu, William J Ripple, Paul V R Snelgrove, Curtis A Suttle, Rui Zhang, Roberto Danovaro","doi":"10.1038/s41564-026-02462-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-026-02462-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18992,"journal":{"name":"Nature Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to 'Grounding microbial conservation in ecological principles'.","authors":"Jack A Gilbert, Chris Greening, Raquel S Peixoto","doi":"10.1038/s41564-026-02463-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-026-02463-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18992,"journal":{"name":"Nature Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing equity through community-led, globally connected infectious disease research.","authors":"Pontiano Kaleebu, Aliya Naheed, Mahnaz Vahedi, Jackeline Alger, Lyda Osorio, Cristiani Vieira Machado, Francine Ntoumi, Mercedes Rumi, Mohammed AlKhaldi, Pacifique Ndishimye, Evelyn Gitau, Trudie Lang","doi":"10.1038/s41564-026-02489-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-026-02489-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18992,"journal":{"name":"Nature Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MetaCAT enables reconstruction of high-quality microbial genomes and their association with host traits from metagenomic data.","authors":"Cong-Cong Liu, Shan-Shan Dong, Jing Guo, Zhen Xu, Chen Wang, Yun-Xiao Li, Li-Li Meng, Xi-Cheng Yang, Meng Li, Kun Fu, Yan Guo, Tie-Lin Yang","doi":"10.1038/s41564-026-02472-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-026-02472-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recovering high-quality microbial genomes from metagenomic sequencing data is essential for accurate profiling and understanding microbial variation. However, existing clustering methods often suffer from limited accuracy and scalability. Here we present MetaCAT (Metagenome Clustering and Association Tool), a framework that combines recovery of microbial genomes from metagenomic data and analysis of their associations with host traits. MetaCAT incorporates a Sparse Weighted Dirichlet Process Gaussian Mixture Model (SWDPGMM) to accurately and efficiently decompose complex datasets and combines k-mer frequency with read coverage to improve genome reconstruction. It also provides a dedicated workflow for microbial single-nucleotide polymorphism identification and metagenome-wide association studies with the host. MetaCAT outperforms existing methods in both clustering accuracy and computational efficiency across diverse datasets. Using metagenomic data from colorectal cancer cohorts, it revealed previously unrecognized marker species and microbial single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with colorectal cancer. MetaCAT provides a scalable framework for microbial community profiling and advances our understanding of host-microbe interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18992,"journal":{"name":"Nature Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival of the driest.","authors":"Hemant Joshi, Babak Javid","doi":"10.1038/s41564-026-02461-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-026-02461-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18992,"journal":{"name":"Nature Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author Correction: Multikingdom and functional gut microbiota markers for autism spectrum disorder.","authors":"Qi Su, Oscar W H Wong, Wenqi Lu, Yating Wan, Lin Zhang, Wenye Xu, Moses K T Li, Chengyu Liu, Chun Pan Cheung, Jessica Y L Ching, Pui Kuan Cheong, Ting Fan Leung, Sandra Chan, Patrick Leung, Francis K L Chan, Siew C Ng","doi":"10.1038/s41564-026-02496-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-026-02496-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18992,"journal":{"name":"Nature Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148840948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autodissemination stations suppress Aedes notoscriptus mosquitoes and reduce Buruli ulcer risk in urban Australia: a randomized controlled field trial","authors":"Véronique Paris,&nbsp;Andrew H. Buultjens,&nbsp;Nicholas Bell,&nbsp;Thomas L. Schmidt,&nbsp;Wendy M. Bamberg,&nbsp;Michael T. Birrell,&nbsp;Finn Romanes,&nbsp;Catarina A. Antao,&nbsp;Maria Globan,&nbsp;Caroline Lavender,&nbsp;Katherine Bond,&nbsp;Sally Dougall,&nbsp;Jake A. Lacey,&nbsp;Yichen Zhai,&nbsp;Peihong Guo,&nbsp;Norelle L. Sherry,&nbsp;Katherine B. Gibney,&nbsp;Jue Tao Lim,&nbsp;Paul D. R. Johnson,&nbsp;Timothy P. Stinear,&nbsp;Ary A. Hoffmann","doi":"10.1038/s41564-026-02439-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41564-026-02439-8","url":null,"abstract":"Aedes notoscriptus are mosquito vectors implicated in transmission of Mycobacterium ulcerans. This bacterium causes a destructive infection of skin and soft tissue called Buruli ulcer. Here we ran a randomized controlled trial in an urban Buruli ulcer endemic area in Melbourne, Australia to test whether autodissemination mosquito control stations, containing pyriproxyfen (larvicide) and Beauveria bassiana (entomopathogenic fungus), suppress Ae. notoscriptus populations. Six geographic areas each received 100 autodissemination stations for 8 weeks, and six control areas received no stations between 25 January 2024 and 21 March 2024. The primary outcome measure was mosquito population numbers. After the trial, there was a 70% average reduction in mosquito egg counts among the six intervention areas compared to control areas (P = 0.0076). In an ad hoc analysis, we then explored human Buruli ulcer notifications in treatment and control areas. After accounting for the 4.8-month mean incubation period, there was an 83% reduction in infection likelihood coinciding with peak intervention effect (intervention zones 1 case, control zones 6 cases, incidence ratio rate 0.167, 95% CI 0.0026–1.054, P = 0.047). The effect was not observed during the same time period in the year previous or following 2024, when no interventions were undertaken. A strong correlation (R2 = 0.85) was observed between decreased disease risk and mosquito suppression. These data show that autodissemination traps can effectively lower urban mosquito populations and reduce the threat of Buruli ulcer in humans. A randomized controlled trial shows that autodissemination stations reduce egg counts for Aedes notoscriptus, the Mycobacterium ulcerans vector, with exploratory analyses suggesting that the intervention could also reduce human Buruli ulcer cases caused by these bacteria, in intervention areas in Melbourne, Australia.","PeriodicalId":18992,"journal":{"name":"Nature Microbiology","volume":"11 9","pages":"2493-2504"},"PeriodicalIF":18.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-026-02439-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}