Junkai Tong, Min Lin, Xiaocen Wang, Jiahao Ren, Jian Li, Yang Liu
{"title":"Robust Guided Wave Tomography Method for Large and Irregular Defects","authors":"Junkai Tong, Min Lin, Xiaocen Wang, Jiahao Ren, Jian Li, Yang Liu","doi":"10.1115/qnde2021-75023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/qnde2021-75023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Finding a fast, robust way to quantitatively measuring the remaining wall thickness of complex structures when multiple defects exist is one of the leading challenges in Nondestructive Testing (NDT). Traditional inversion algorithms like ray tomography and full waveform inversion (FWI) suffered from problems like convergence, limited resolution and slow speed. Diffraction tomography (DT) has speed advantage over the preceding methods and its resolution can be further amplified by integrating with other methods like bent-ray tomography and iteration. However, DT can only detect shallow and small defects. Compared with those methods, convolutional neural network (CNN) opens a new way for quantitative defect imaging, as with pre-trained data it can achieve significant speed and resolution than the traditional methods. In this paper, we investigated the performance of CNN in imaging multiple defects and the inversion results show that when dealing with multiple defects with complex shape on a plate-like structure, CNN can achieve better resolution than other methods with maximum errors below 0.54mm in most regions. This research provides the experimental guidance for future study in finding the possible ways to improve the resolution of the algorithms.","PeriodicalId":189764,"journal":{"name":"2021 48th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129578528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Denis Bogomolov, N. Testoni, L. De Marchi, Tommaso Borzone, A. Terribile, G. Giunta, A. Marzani
{"title":"Aboveground Storage Tanks Leak Detection Through Acoustic Emission Sensor Nodes","authors":"Denis Bogomolov, N. Testoni, L. De Marchi, Tommaso Borzone, A. Terribile, G. Giunta, A. Marzani","doi":"10.1115/qnde2021-75182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/qnde2021-75182","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In oil depots and fuel storage facilities, undetected storage tanks damages can lead to the leakage of the oil stored in the soil leading to pollution and economical losses. Leaks are generally due to the perforation of the storage tank floor due to corrosion. The detection of corrosion and leaks is a complicated task, especially for operative tanks with inaccessible floor for detailed inspections and is generally attempted by mean of acoustic emission systems operating from the outer skin of the tank. In this paper, we present a compact sensor node (SN) designed for long-term and real-time acoustic emission monitoring. The SN exploits up to three inexpensive low-frequency sensors based on piezoelectric diaphragms, and it is capable by means of built-in Digital Signal Processing functionalities to process the acquired time waveforms extracting the AE features usually required by testing protocols. An experimental validation on a floating-roof aboveground storage tank 17 m high and 18 m in diameter, filled with water to a level of about 6.2 m, is proposed. Leaks were induced by opening and closing a drainage valve existing at the bottom skirt of the storage tank while acoustic emission signals were recorded at three sensors and processed in real time. Designed nozzles of different diameter, from 1 mm to 9 mm, where used to simulate leakages of different entities.\u0000 The results confirm the possibility of detecting and monitoring leaks of various diameters in the low-frequency region 1–2 kHz not traditionally considered by state-of-art acoustic-emission monitoring systems.","PeriodicalId":189764,"journal":{"name":"2021 48th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116223723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cheng-hai Zhao, Sunia Tanweer, Jian Li, Min Lin, Xiang Zhang, Yang Liu
{"title":"Early Fatigue Damage Evaluation of Nonlinear Guided Wave Imaging in Hyperelastic Materials","authors":"Cheng-hai Zhao, Sunia Tanweer, Jian Li, Min Lin, Xiang Zhang, Yang Liu","doi":"10.1115/qnde2021-75051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/qnde2021-75051","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Nonlinear ultrasonic guided waves have superior sensitivity of the early fatigue damage. This paper investigates the analysis of the second harmonics of Lamb waves in a free boundary aluminum plate, and the internal resonance conditions between the Lamb wave primary modes and the second harmonics. The Murnaghan’s model is implemented in a finite element (FE) analysis to describe the hyperelastic constitutive relation for nonlinear acoustic modeling. The second harmonics of s0 mode are actuated by a 60kHz Hanning-windowed tone burst. A guided wave signal processing platform is developed for tomographic imaging. The different stages of fatigue are reflected by the changes of third-order elastic constants (TOECs) in Murnaghan’s model. The reconstructed damage locations match well with the actual ones cross different degrees and depths of fatigue.","PeriodicalId":189764,"journal":{"name":"2021 48th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126684584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Grünsteidl, C. Kerschbaummayr, E. Scherleitner, B. Reitinger, Georg Watzl, T. Mitter, G. Angeli
{"title":"In Situ Measurement of Poisson’s Ratio of Steel Plates During Thermal Processes Using Resonant Modes","authors":"C. Grünsteidl, C. Kerschbaummayr, E. Scherleitner, B. Reitinger, Georg Watzl, T. Mitter, G. Angeli","doi":"10.1115/qnde2021-74926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/qnde2021-74926","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We demonstrate the determination of the Poisson’s ratio of steel plates during thermal processing based on contact free laser ultrasound measurements. Our method utilizes resonant elastic waves sustained by the plate, provides high amplitudes, and requires only a moderate detection bandwidth. For the analysis, the thickness of the samples does not need to be known. The trend of the measured Poisson’s ratio reveals a phase transformation in dual-phase steel samples. While previous approaches based on the measurement of the longitudinal sound velocity cannot distinguish between the ferritic and austenitic phase above 770°C, the shown method can. If the thickness of the samples is known, the method also provides both sound velocities of the material. The gained complementary information could be used to analyze phase composition of steel from low temperatures up to its melting point.","PeriodicalId":189764,"journal":{"name":"2021 48th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116837058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Novel Probability of Detection Assessment Considering Model Uncertainty for Lamb Wave Detection","authors":"C. Gao, Jingjing He, Xuefei Guan","doi":"10.1115/qnde2021-74014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/qnde2021-74014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Uncertainty in Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) arises from many sources, e.g., manufacturing variability, environmental noise, and inadequate measurement devices. The reliability of the NDE measurements is typically quantified by the probability of detection (POD). With the advent and technical developments of the simulation method and computer science, efforts have been devoted to generating and estimating the POD curve for Lamb wave damage detection. However, few studies have been reported on the POD evaluation considering model selection uncertainty. This paper presents a novel POD assessment method incorporating model selection uncertainty for Lamb wave damage detection. By treating the flaw quantification model as a discrete uncertain variable, a hierarchical probabilistic model for Lamb wave POD is formulated in the Bayesian framework. Uncertainties from the model choice, model parameters, and other variables can be explicitly incorporated using the proposed method. The Bayes factor is used to evaluate the performance of models. The posterior distributions of model parameters and the model fusion results are calculated through the Bayesian update using the reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo method. A fatigue problem with naturally developed cracks is used to demonstrate the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":189764,"journal":{"name":"2021 48th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114323264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Detection of Segregation in a High Carbon Steel by Non-Destructive Techniques","authors":"Luis Hernández, H. Carreón, A. Jacuinde","doi":"10.1115/qnde2021-75006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/qnde2021-75006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In high carbon steel manufacture, segregation is a common problem that compromises the quality and performance of cast products. When they are rolled or forged, hard metallurgical phases can develop, promoting material embrittlement. To detect the segregation presence, traditionally, it is analyzed by macro-attack (according to the ASTM 381 standard). However, this methodology is limited to the subjective interpretation of the quality inspector, and also it is dangerous. Non-destructive means represent an agile alternative for quality control because they are sensitive to the chemical composition and microstructure of the steel. Through conventional ultrasound technique, an increase in attenuation coefficient was detected in the area of greater segregation and lower values in regions with greater chemical homogeneity.\u0000 On the other hand, the longitudinal wave velocity was lower in the segregated region and higher in the zone with less segregation. Furthermore, by some mathematical relationships and wave speeds, Poisson’s ratio Young’s and shear modulus were obtained, which are related to the ease of rolling in steel. Finally, Eddy currents and impedance plane determined that the segregation region has a lower phase angle, and therefore, a higher electrical conductivity concerning the zones of less segregation.","PeriodicalId":189764,"journal":{"name":"2021 48th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114748506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Edge Illumination X-Ray Phase Contrast Imaging and Ultrasonic Attenuation for Porosity Quantification in Composite Structures","authors":"D. Shoukroun, Sandro Olivo, P. Fromme","doi":"10.1115/qnde2021-75009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/qnde2021-75009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Carbon fiber reinforced composites are widely used in the aerospace industry, due to their low weight and high strength. Porosity often occurs during the manufacturing of composite structures, which can compromise the structural integrity of the part and affect its mechanical properties. In the aerospace industry a typical requirement for structural components is for the porosity content to be kept below 2%. Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques are used to estimate the porosity content in composite components, the most common being ultrasonic attenuation and X-ray computed tomography (CT).\u0000 Planar Edge Illumination X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging (EI XPCI) was used to quantify the porosity content in woven carbon fiber reinforced composite plates with porosity ranging between 0.7% and 10.7%. A new metric was introduced, the standard deviation of the differential phase (STDVDP) signal, which represents the variation of inhomogeneity in the plates for features of a scale equal to or above the system resolution (here 12μm). The SDTVDP was found to have a very high correlation with porosity content estimated from matrix digestion and ultrasonic attenuation, hence providing a promising new methodology to quantify porosity in composite plates.","PeriodicalId":189764,"journal":{"name":"2021 48th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122823327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christian Peyton, R. Edwards, S. Dixon, B. Dutton, Wilson Vesga
{"title":"Detection of Defects in Titanium Using Shear Horizontal Guided Waves","authors":"Christian Peyton, R. Edwards, S. Dixon, B. Dutton, Wilson Vesga","doi":"10.1115/qnde2021-74942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/qnde2021-74942","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper investigates the interaction behaviour between the fundamental shear horizontal guided wave mode and small defects, in order to understand and develop an improved inspection system for titanium samples. In this work, an extensive range of defect sizes have been simulated using finite element software. The SH0 reflection from a defect has been shown previously to depend on its length as the total reflection consists of reflections from both the front and back face. However, for small defect widths, this work has found that the width also affects this interference, changing the length at which the reflection is largest. In addition, the paper looks at how the size of the defect affects the mode converted S0 reflection and SH0 diffraction. The relationship between the SH0 diffraction and defect size is shown to be more complex compared to the reflections. The mode converted S0 reflection occurs at an angle to the incident wave direction; therefore, the most suitable angle for the detection has been found. Simultaneous measurement of multiple waves would bring benefits to inspection.","PeriodicalId":189764,"journal":{"name":"2021 48th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134190239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Köhler, K. Tschöke, M. Stephan, Sergey Gartsev, M. Barth
{"title":"Vibration Analysis for NDE of Ceramic Components","authors":"B. Köhler, K. Tschöke, M. Stephan, Sergey Gartsev, M. Barth","doi":"10.1115/qnde2021-75218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/qnde2021-75218","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this contribution we study vibration testing for ceramic parts on the example of an electrolyte cup, used in a prospective power cells design. An adapted experimental arrangement for the vibration excitation and the acoustic measurements was built and tested. In parallel, extensive numerical modal analysis simulations were performed using ANSYS. The resonance spectra obtained by modelling agree with the experimentally determined spectra in such a way that the experimentally determined eigenfrequencies can be assigned to the cup modes. The correctness of this identification was verified by direct mode visualization with scanning laser doppler vibrometry.\u0000 A much faster and potentially in-line capable method for experimental mode identification is the simultaneous measurement at several points using a microphone array and subsequent signal evaluation with operational modal analysis. This procedure was successfully tested. Features in the spectra connected with the presence of flaws are discussed. These features include the drop of some eigenfrequencies and the splitting of degenerated modes.","PeriodicalId":189764,"journal":{"name":"2021 48th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"325 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134426135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Kerschbaummayr, Martin Ryzy, B. Reitinger, M. Hettich, J. Džugan, Thomas Wydra, E. Scherleitner
{"title":"In-Situ Laser Ultrasound Measurements of Austenitic Grain Growth in Plain Carbon Steel","authors":"C. Kerschbaummayr, Martin Ryzy, B. Reitinger, M. Hettich, J. Džugan, Thomas Wydra, E. Scherleitner","doi":"10.1115/qnde2021-75223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/qnde2021-75223","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The macroscopic mechanical properties like yield-strength, ductility or hardness play an important role during the steel production and the design of new steel grades. The austenite grain size is an important parameter, which influences the final microstructure and the properties of a material. When developing grain growth evolution models, typically many samples have to be treated thermally and micrographs have to be prepared ex-situ. To reduce the time expenditure of this procedure we carried out in-situ laser ultrasound measurements of austenitic grain growth in plain carbon steel (AISI 1045). A thermomechanical simulator of the type Linseis L78/RITA has been upgraded with a laser ultrasound measurement system, which enables the continuous and contactless determination of the austenite mean grain size during a thermal cycle. In this work we will show the calibration workflow and grain size results by a new attenuation model for plain carbon steel. In-situ laser ultrasound measurement data is compared with several micrographs defined at supporting points along a specified temperature program to corroborate the findings.","PeriodicalId":189764,"journal":{"name":"2021 48th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"335 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133796559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}