Metaphysics eJournal最新文献

Comparative Methods and Process Tracing 比较方法和过程追溯

Metaphysics eJournal Pub Date : 2019-02-12 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3333405

Andrew Bennett, Tasha Fairfield, H. Soifer

引用次数: 13

Nonseparability without Monotonicity: The Couterfactual Distribution M-Estimator for Causal Inference 无单调不可分性:因果推理的反事实分布m -估计量

Metaphysics eJournal Pub Date : 2018-11-18 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3286538

Nir Billfeld, Moshe Kim

{"title":"Nonseparability without Monotonicity: The Couterfactual Distribution M-Estimator for Causal Inference","authors":"Nir Billfeld, Moshe Kim","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3286538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3286538","url":null,"abstract":"Nonparametric identi�?cation strategy is employed to capture causal relationships without imposing any variant of monotonicity existing in the nonseparable nonlinear error model literature. This is important as when monotonicity is applied to the instrumental variables it limits their availability and when applied to the unobservables it can hardly be justi�?ed in the non-scalar case. Moreover, in cases where monotonicity is not satis�?ed the monotonicity-based estimators might be severely biased as shown in comparative Monte Carlo simulation. The key idea in the proposed identi�?cation and estimation strategy is to uncover the counterfactual distribution of the dependent variable, which is not directly observed in the data. We oﬀer a two-step M-Estimator based on a resolution-dependent reproducing symmetric kernel density estimator rather than on the bandwidth-dependent classical kernel and thus, less sensitive to bandwidth choice. Additionally, the average marginal eﬀect of the endogenous covariate on the outcome variable is identi�?ed directly from the noisy data which precludes the need to employ additional estimation steps thereby avoiding potential error accumulation. Asymptotic properties of the counterfactual M-Estimator are established.","PeriodicalId":189708,"journal":{"name":"Metaphysics eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129890443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Flash of Space-Time – The Flash of Zero (Analytical Form) 时空的闪现-零的闪现(解析形式)

Metaphysics eJournal Pub Date : 2018-11-04 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3278343

Constantinos Challoumis

引用次数: 6

The Cognitive Dimension of Institutions 制度的认知维度

Metaphysics eJournal Pub Date : 2018-07-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3214278

J. Caton, Edward J. López

{"title":"The Cognitive Dimension of Institutions","authors":"J. Caton, Edward J. López","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3214278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3214278","url":null,"abstract":"Having pioneered the concept in economics that institutions structure incentives, Douglass North’s later work posed the question, in turn: what structures institutions? His approach explored the role of culture, norms, and ideas and eventually drew its focus on shared mental models as the basis of institutions. An ongoing literature takes up North’s fundamental question. In this paper, we contribute to this literature by bringing together North’s mental-models approach and the work of philosopher John Searle. Searle pioneered the concept in philosophy that institutions are constitutive rules, established through collective assignment of particular status to objects in the world. Drawing upon cognitive science research on knowledge, learning, and habituation, as well as computer science research on artificial intelligence, we develop Searle’s framework to pose a simple yet general account of the cognitive origins of institutions and the implications of this link for social theory. Our framework reconciles the social science approach to institutions as regulative rules with the philosophy approach to institutions as constitutive rules. It also provides a basis for considering impediments to social interaction that arise when individuals possess conflicting normative ideas and affiliate into groups whose shared understandings appear to conflict.","PeriodicalId":189708,"journal":{"name":"Metaphysics eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129566069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Belief & Reliance: Mythic Ground for an Honor-Dignity Binary 信仰与信赖:荣誉与尊严二元对立的神话基础

Metaphysics eJournal Pub Date : 2016-03-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2748337

C. Herrman

{"title":"Belief & Reliance: Mythic Ground for an Honor-Dignity Binary","authors":"C. Herrman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2748337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2748337","url":null,"abstract":"A structuralist definition might well treat of religion in this way: A system of myth incorporating explanations of reality that grounds normative metaphysical outlooks as well as affirming conduct in conformity with social integrity, and which is maintained as authoritative both because of and by means of sacrality. This paper argues that myth directs the social weltanschauung with a stress variously upon honor and dignity. These two terms thus form a parent analytical binary supporting subsidiary cognate pairs termed ‘dimensions’ that describe the means by which social institutions apply mythic content toward (on behalf of) honor or dignity. It argues further that certain social structures express mythic-derived norms from biosocial substrates manifesting via drift potentials that in turn express as dimensional sub-traits of honor or dignity. This is what we refer to as a ‘belief-reliance system’. Belief in myth generates reliance in/upon the institutions translating myth into norms. A sufficient understanding of these elements should enable a vastly improved understanding of local and international culture. The paper is divided between an explanation of core concepts (Foundation) and the conclusions (Analysands), which include applications of the concepts in the description of culture, as well as the use of the concepts to engage cultures in conflict resolution.","PeriodicalId":189708,"journal":{"name":"Metaphysics eJournal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130680643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Identity and Form 身份与形式

Metaphysics eJournal Pub Date : 2015-08-10 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2418606

Jessica A. Clarke

{"title":"Identity and Form","authors":"Jessica A. Clarke","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2418606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2418606","url":null,"abstract":"Recent controversies over identity claims have prompted questions about who should qualify for affirmative action, who counts as family, who is a man or a woman, and who is entitled to the benefits of U.S. citizenship. Commentators across the political spectrum have made calls to settle these debates with evidence of official designations on birth certificates, application forms, or other records. This move toward formalities seeks to transcend the usual divide between those who believe identities should be determined based on objective biological or social standards, and those who believe identities are a matter of individual choice. Yet legal scholars have often overlooked the role of formalities in identity determination doctrines. This Article identifies and describes the phenomenon of “formal identity,” in which the law recognizes those identities individuals claim for themselves by executing formalities. Drawing on Lon Fuller’s classic work on the benefits of formality in commercial law contexts, it offers a theory explaining the appeal of formal identity. But it concludes that reformers should be skeptical of the concept. Formal identity may set traps for the unwary, eliminate space for subversive or marginal identities, and legitimize identity-based systems of inequality. Ultimately, this Article urges critical examination not merely of formal identity, but of the functions identity categories serve in the law.","PeriodicalId":189708,"journal":{"name":"Metaphysics eJournal","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121891982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Time, Mechanisms and Technology: Challenges of Abstraction and Decision in Realist Economic Theory 时间、机制与技术:现实主义经济理论对抽象与决策的挑战

Metaphysics eJournal Pub Date : 2013-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2359251

M. Johnson

{"title":"Time, Mechanisms and Technology: Challenges of Abstraction and Decision in Realist Economic Theory","authors":"M. Johnson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2359251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2359251","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article soutient que la causalite au sens humien (mettant en relief la succession) qui fut la principale cible des critiques du Realisme Critique de Bhaskar, demeure tres presente dans le concept meme de “mecanisme”. En effet, le concept de mecanisme implique une abstraction newtonienne du temps ignoree par le Realisme Critique. Il s’agit cependant d’un probleme plus large d’abstraction mecaniste, que cet article analyse simultanement sous l’angle du Realisme Critique et de la discipline ayant pour objet l’etude des mecanismes, la cybernetique. Comment des descriptions de mecanismes causals peuvent-elles se reconcilier avec leurs propres abstractions? En reponse nous proposons une dissolution du probleme du temps au travers de l’experience vecue. Par ailleurs, nous traitons egalement des questions liees a la pedagogie de l’enseignement des abstractions, a la mise au point de nouveaux contextes d’interaction et au role des technologies dans la mise en place des contextes ludiques. Enfin, nous degageons des implications plus profondes pour la recherche realiste, et soulignons la necessite de traiter conjointement les problemes d’abstraction et les problemes pedagogiques et technologiques.","PeriodicalId":189708,"journal":{"name":"Metaphysics eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127611353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Spatiotemporal Typologies of Marketing Communication 营销传播的时空类型学

Metaphysics eJournal Pub Date : 2010-04-08 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1586344

Hans Rämö

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Typologies of Marketing Communication","authors":"Hans Rämö","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1586344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1586344","url":null,"abstract":"Theories on marketing communication settings are generally analyzed with a partisan focus on chronological time, and abstract space. In order to comprehend the spatiotemporal complexity of contemporary marketing communication calls for a pendulum between different representations of abstract and concrete representations of time and timing, and space and place. Four Greek spatiotemporal notions of time and space: clock-time (chronos) timely moments (kairos), abstract/virtual space (chora) and concrete place (topos) are discussed in conjunction with two dimensions of managerial performance: efficiency, which is concerned with doing things right, and effectiveness, which is about doing the right things. Efficiency, effectiveness, and the extended notions of time/timing and space/place are discussed in relation to some well-known marketing communication situations (e.g., Face-to-face Encounters with customers, Marketing Mix, Internet Marketing, and Telemarketing). It is argued that clock-time (chronos) is the ruling factor in efficiency and timely moments (kairos) are crucial in questions of effectiveness. This distinction is accentuated by the importance in marketing communication to do the right things in the right place/space in that such actions have to deal frequently with unplanned situations, which cannot be fully grasped or illustrated with clock-time and space only.","PeriodicalId":189708,"journal":{"name":"Metaphysics eJournal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125309205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Systems Theoretical Formal Logic for Category Theory 范畴论的系统理论形式逻辑

Metaphysics eJournal Pub Date : 2009-04-29 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1396841

C. Gonçalves, Maria Odete Madeira

引用次数: 3

New Dimensions of Classroom Leadership: Bernie's Path to Becoming a Transformational Teacher 课堂领导的新维度:伯尼成为一名变革型教师的道路

Metaphysics eJournal Pub Date : 2007-09-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1016590

B. T. Lowder

{"title":"New Dimensions of Classroom Leadership: Bernie's Path to Becoming a Transformational Teacher","authors":"B. T. Lowder","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1016590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1016590","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the transformation of a young man named Bernie. Bernie learned a great deal during his dysfunctional childhood and eventually became a transformational teacher. The first section of the paper discussed Bernie's childhood and teen years as he struggled to survive and learn in a dysfunctional family environment. Second, transformational events in Bernie's life are discussed that changed both his spirituality and later his operative paradigm. Third, the primary paradigmatic approaches that impacted Bernie's operative paradigm are analyzed and the paper illustrates how his operative paradigm evolved later in life. Fourth, the primary teaching and learning theories that influenced Bernie's teaching practice are presented and their impacts on his teaching philosophy are presented. Fifth and last, Bernie's transformational teaching and learning philosophy is presented so the reader can observe how all the events in his life have led to this zenith. In summary, the paper is written to demonstrate how Bernie's casual, prescriptive, and paradigmatic assumptions evolved throughout his life. Bernie's epiphany resulted in a greater understanding of teaching and learning theory and a culmination of many paradigmatic perspectives that broadened his effectiveness as both a teacher and a lifelong learner. This culmination of knowledge is reflected in Bernie's teaching and learning philosophy.","PeriodicalId":189708,"journal":{"name":"Metaphysics eJournal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127343270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1