制度的认知维度

J. Caton, Edward J. López
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引用次数: 2

摘要

道格拉斯·诺斯在经济学中率先提出了制度构建激励机制的概念,他的后期作品反过来提出了这样一个问题:是什么构建了制度?他的研究方法探讨了文化、规范和观念的作用,并最终将重点放在作为制度基础的共享心智模型上。正在进行的文献研究了诺斯的基本问题。在本文中,我们通过将诺斯的心智模型方法和哲学家约翰·塞尔的工作结合起来,为这一文献做出贡献。Searle在哲学中开创了制度是构成规则的概念,通过对世界上物体的特定地位的集体分配而建立起来。利用认知科学对知识、学习和习惯化的研究,以及计算机科学对人工智能的研究,我们开发了Searle的框架,对制度的认知起源以及这种联系对社会理论的影响提出了一个简单而普遍的解释。我们的框架将社会科学方法与哲学方法相协调,前者将制度视为监管规则,后者将制度视为构成规则。它还为考虑当个人拥有相互冲突的规范观念和加入共同理解似乎相互冲突的群体时出现的社会互动障碍提供了基础。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Cognitive Dimension of Institutions
Having pioneered the concept in economics that institutions structure incentives, Douglass North’s later work posed the question, in turn: what structures institutions? His approach explored the role of culture, norms, and ideas and eventually drew its focus on shared mental models as the basis of institutions. An ongoing literature takes up North’s fundamental question. In this paper, we contribute to this literature by bringing together North’s mental-models approach and the work of philosopher John Searle. Searle pioneered the concept in philosophy that institutions are constitutive rules, established through collective assignment of particular status to objects in the world. Drawing upon cognitive science research on knowledge, learning, and habituation, as well as computer science research on artificial intelligence, we develop Searle’s framework to pose a simple yet general account of the cognitive origins of institutions and the implications of this link for social theory. Our framework reconciles the social science approach to institutions as regulative rules with the philosophy approach to institutions as constitutive rules. It also provides a basis for considering impediments to social interaction that arise when individuals possess conflicting normative ideas and affiliate into groups whose shared understandings appear to conflict.
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