International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Monomycin and Gentamycin Sulfate on Growth of Promastigotes of Leishmania Under In Vitro Conditions","authors":"Y. Garedaghi, Y. Firouzivand, Behrad Khan Ahmadi, Alireza Zarei, Ebrahim Salehizadeh","doi":"10.34172/ijmpes.2021.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.2021.04","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Introduction: Given the prevalence of leishmaniasis in some parts of Iran and the medical problems caused by it and considering some reports on the effectiveness of monomycin in treating the disease, this study was performed to determine the effect of this drug on Leishmania major promastigotes in vitro. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted experimentally. Drug films containing 15% monomycin sulfate and 0.5% gentamicin sulfate were prepared using ethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) with the aim of developing a treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis. In order to investigate the mechanism of drug release and its effect on parasites, the modified Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle (NNN) medium was used for the amplification of the parasites and the growth inhibition zone around the drug release areas was measured. The studied environments included environments containing drug discs, environments without drug discs, and environments with placebo discs. The rates of dead and live parasites were determined in these environments and statistically compared using chi-square test. Results: It was revealed that the growth of parasite colonies was inhibited in the plates containing drug films. In 3-cm halo around the drug film, no parasite growth was observed and promastigotes were observed to be dead and degenerated. However, in the plates containing placebo and medium without film, parasitic colonies were observed. The survival rate of the parasites in placebo and drug-free plates was 96% and it was 7% in the drug plate (P<0.000). Conclusion: Monomycin and gentamicin sulfate drug discs have good potential for gradual release. They affect the growth of the parasite and can be used in humans.","PeriodicalId":189386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131100349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual Transmission of Strongyloidiasis: A Case Report","authors":"P. Bourée, D. Slama, R. Usubillaga, D. Salmon","doi":"10.34172/ijmpes.2021.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.2021.06","url":null,"abstract":"Some parasites, such as Trichomonas vaginalis or Sarcoptes scabiei, are sexually transmitted. However, sexual transmission of most intestinal parasites is very rare. The present study reports a case of homosexual man infected with HIV who was found to be a carrier of Strongyloides stercoralis, even though he had never traveled to the tropics. However, he had repeated sexual relations with many partners, some of whom were from endemic areas. Sexual transmission of Strongyloides stercoralis and amoebiasis due to Entamoeba histolytica is rare but has already been found in the population at risk. Therefore, this parasitosis should be sought in HIV patients complaining of digestive disorders.","PeriodicalId":189386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122924606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus Infection― Status Quo and outlook","authors":"Muhammad Imran Khan, Hafiz M.N. Iqbal, Y. Garedaghi, M. Bilal","doi":"10.34172/ijmpes.2021.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.2021.19","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been a global health problem and, according to the recent report, more than 71 million people (which equals to almost 1% of population) have HCV infection. Onset of HCV infection is often acute and asymptomatic. In majority of cases, especially in underdeveloped countries, HCV infection remains undiagnosed for a long time. HCV has eight different genotypes, named from one to eight, which differ from each other at 31%-33% of nucleotides. Each genotype is further classified into several subtypes. Collectively, 86 subtypes have been recognized which differ from each other at<15% nucleotide sequence. Determination of genotype of pathogen has been proven an effective means from the aspect of epidemiology. It is an important stage in the processes of decision-making and selecting appropriate therapeutic regimen. Studies have indicated that certain genotypes are found in countries or regions where direct acting antivirals are available against HCV infections. Developing awareness programs via extended approaches can prove useful in controlling the prevalence of HCV as well as other infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":189386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123270610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Cryptosporidium in Children Under 13 Years of Age With Acute Diarrhea in Tabriz, Iran","authors":"Y. Firouzivand, Y. Garedaghi, H. Hassanzadeh Khanmiri","doi":"10.34172/ijmpes.2021.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.2021.05","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Introduction: Cryptosporidium is a coccidian parasite that causes diarrhea in animals and humans, especially children. Although several studies have been done on Cryptosporidium infection in some parts of Iran, this parasite is not examined in routine parasitological tests. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Cryptosporidium infection in children with diarrhea in Tabriz, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, 100 fecal samples of children under 13 years of age with acute diarrhea who referred to medical diagnostic laboratories in Tabriz during 2018 were examined for Cryptosporidium infection. The samples were first concentrated by formalin-ether method and after staining with modified acid fast method, they were examined by light microscope. Results: In this study, 3 children (3%), 2 boys, 3 years old and 5 years old, and a 3-year-old girl had cryptosporidiosis. Conclusion: The results of the present study show the presence of Cryptosporidium infection in children in Tabriz. The very low percentage of infection with this parasite indicates that this parasite is not yet considered as a health problem in this area.","PeriodicalId":189386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114817093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Leishmanin Skin Test (LST) as Epidemiological Indicators for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Al-tragma Village, River Nile State, Sudan","authors":"Abdelgani Mohamed Osman, A. Abakar, N. Abdalla, K. Hussain, R. Hassan, Khalid Abdelsamea Mohamedahmed, Sas Mahmoud","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-753309/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-753309/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background\u0000\u0000Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a common health problem in the world and the zoonotic form reported to occur in Sudan. Leishmaniasis has been considered the second parasitic health problem after malaria. Therefore we determine the role of Leishmanin Skin Test (LST) as epidemiological indicators for CL infection in Al-tragma village; one of the endemic areas for the disease in Sudan.\u0000Methods\u0000\u0000The study is a cross-sectional study, 410 individuals inhabiting Al-tragma village were enrolled in the study. Two methods used in this study; structure questionnaire and LST. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect and tested socio-demographic characteristics. The LST was performed by intradermal injection of 0.1 ml LST antigen on the volar surface of the left forearm. The result of LST was read after 48–72 hours using the ballpoint pen technique. SPSS (v 20.0) was used for data analysis.\u0000Results\u0000\u0000LST results showed that 70.7% of respondents were positive and 29.3% were negative. The most infected age groups were 31–40 years (80%) and more than 40 years (82%). The result showed there was a significant difference between LTS and age groups, occupation, domestic and pets animals found in and around the houses, and those having the disease before (P-value < 0.05).\u0000Conclusion\u0000\u0000The overall positive rate for LST was (70.7%). The exposure duration had no effect on LST results. It seems that those patients acquired long-lasting immunity. LST is still a promising tool to evaluate the epidemiological status in endemic areas.","PeriodicalId":189386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134497010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxoplasmosis in Sudan: An Overview","authors":"Khalid Abdelsamea Mohamedahmed, Eltaf Abbas Eltayeb, Inas Tarig Omer, lweeya Mohammed Ahmed, Abdelhakam G. Tamomh, A. A. Talha, A. Abakar","doi":"10.34172/ijmpes.2021.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.2021.09","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Toxoplasma \u0000 gondii (T. gondii) is one of the most serious blood coccidian parasite infections in veterinary and medical medicine, contributing to ill health and financial losses infecting about one-third of the world’s population. It can produce life-threatening infections, despite the fact that most infections are asymptomatic. Several studies in Sudan reveal that the prevalence of toxoplasmosis was high especially among pregnant women resulting in Fetal death, premature birth, intrauterine growth retardation. involvement the attention to improvements in management and personal hygiene, raising awareness; control of cats, avoiding raw and undercooked meat should be done to reduce the prevalence and controlling Toxoplasmosis among the population.","PeriodicalId":189386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences","volume":"33 7-8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116476200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of Zoonoses in the South of Russia: Climate Change and Anthropogenic Factors Expanding the Area of Zoonosis","authors":"P. S. Viktorovich","doi":"10.34172/ijmpes.2021.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.2021.08","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>\u0000 </jats:p>","PeriodicalId":189386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences","volume":"266 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124318631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Report of Nasopharyngeal Myiasis in a 49-Year-old Shepherd Man Referred to the Emergency Department of Tabriz","authors":"Y. Garedaghi, Iasmina Luca, Muhammad Bilal","doi":"10.34172/ijmpes.2021.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.2021.14","url":null,"abstract":"Myiasis is an infection of living vertebrates with fly larvae. The disease in humans is caused by parasites that are associated with an animal host. It may also affect patients with some degrees of immunodeficiency and involve different parts of the vertebrate body. This report is a case of nasopharyngeal myiasis in a 49-year-old shepherd who had referred to the emergency department of Tabriz in Iran, and the purpose of this report is to make physicians and nursing staff, who work in the treatment and care of patients, more notified of this ectoparasitic infection.","PeriodicalId":189386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128459147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Plasmodium in Livestock: The Absence of PfHRP2 and pLDH Among High Parasitemia Cases","authors":"D. Sumanto, S. Hadisaputro, Mateus Sakundarno Adi, S. Susanti, S. Sayono","doi":"10.34172/ijmpes.2021.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.2021.11","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Introduction: Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are reported to have infected domestic cattle as buffalo, horses, dogs, and goats in Sumba, along with Etawa crossbreed goats in Purworejo. One of the markers of human-Plasmodium (h-Plasmodium) invasion in the erythrocyte phase is the appearance of PfHRP2 and parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH). This study aimed to detect h-Plasmodium using PfHRP2-pLDH-based rapid diagnostic test (RDT) in the blood of Etawa crossbreed goats that were tested positive for microscopic infection. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a malaria pre-elimination area in Purworejo District, Indonesia. Livestock blood sampling was performed on a population of goats within a radius of 300 meters from the residence of malaria cases. Results: The presence of h-Plasmodium was detected by Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) Monotes Malaria for PfHRP2-pLDH. The mean parasitemia level of h-Plasmodium on Etawa crossbreed goats was 3061 parasites/μL of blood. No cases were detected positive using RDT Monotes Malaria from four goats that were microscopically positive for h-Plasmodium. Conclusion: The PfHRP and pLDH-based RDT methods for the detection of h-Plasmodium indicated that they are not sensitive to be applied to animal blood. Other immunological detection methods are needed to determine the activity of h-Plasmodium when it invades animal red blood cells.","PeriodicalId":189386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134497014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Survey on the Prevalence of Zoonotic Helminthic Parasites in the Rats of Tabriz, Iran, Emphasizing the Importance of the Parasitic Fauna of Rats in the Public Health","authors":"Sahand Fattahi, Y. Garedaghi","doi":"10.34172/ijmpes.2021.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.2021.12","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Introduction: Parasitic diseases transmitted by rodents are more important among zoonotic diseases. On the one hand, rodents are the reservoirs of various parasites, including external parasites such as fleas, ticks, and mites, and some types of internal parasites such as cestodes and nematodes. On the other hand, they have a wide distribution and close relationship with humans which is important from the point of view of environmental health. Methods: A total of 100 rats were caught from different parts of Tabriz in Iran. The trapped rodents were examined for species determination. Then, rats were anesthetized using chloroform and necropsied after recording the profile ensuring that this operation is carefully started from under the skin and all parts are examined to find possible fillers. Next, the abdominal and diaphragm muscles were evaluated for trichinosis, and finally, the entire gastrointestinal tract was separated and split along the length and in separate plates. They were placed together with the physiological serum and examined using a stereo microscope and a microscope. Eventually, smears were taken from the liver and spleen, and the esophagus was investigated for Gongylonema. Results: In this study, out of 100 collected rats, 68 (68%) cases were infected with at least one worm, while 32 (32%) of them were uninfected. The collected rodents were infected with Trichuris muris (9%), Syphacia obvelata (2%), Strongyloides ratti (41%), Gongylonema (1%), Physaloptera (8%), and Nippostrongylus (3%). Hymenolepis nana (18%) and Hymenolepis diminuta (62%), as well as Cysticercus fasciolaris (7%) and Moniliformis moniliformis (2%) were also detected in these collected rodents. Conclusion: The results of our study indicated the presence of Hymenolepis nana, Hymenolepis diminuta, Cysticercus fasciolaris, Moniliformis moniliformis, and Physaloptera as zoonotic worm parasites that have a history of infection in humans based on the findings of parasitological studies worldwide.","PeriodicalId":189386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130597027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}