International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Review on Anthelmintic Drug Resistance of Nematodes in Ruminants and Methods of Detection","authors":"Tesfaye Rebuma, Motuma Regassa, Firaol Tariku","doi":"10.34172/ijmpes.3116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.3116","url":null,"abstract":"Anthelmintic resistance (AR) is described as a considerable improvement in the capacity of individuals within a strain of parasites to tolerate dosages of a substance that would be deadly to the vast majority of individuals in a normal population of the same species. The detection and monitoring of AR have been carried out using a variety of techniques, both in vivo and in vitro. All classes of antiparasitic medications have failed to work as intended due to frequent and improper use, which has resulted in an international AR crisis. When the same drugs are overused, AR is likely to emerge. This frequently results from underdosing, improper application of the drenching solution, and poor estimation of body weight. The issue of AR is a major one in Ethiopia and is frequently reported from many regions of the nation; nevertheless, the rural population is unaware of these issues with AR.","PeriodicalId":189386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dengue Skyrocket: Should It Be Neglected Now?","authors":"T. Ghimire","doi":"10.34172/ijmpes.3103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.3103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":189386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Heartworm Disease and Associated Polyorganic Lesions in Dogs With Sudden Death, Necropsied During 2022-2023 in Timisoara, Romania","authors":"Iasmina Luca, Adrian Stancu, Adrian Olariu-Jurca, Yagoob Garedaghi, I. Ugochukwu","doi":"10.34172/ijmpes.3106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.3106","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Heartworm disease is increasingly diagnosed among the canine population from Romania. Methods: In this study, 34 dogs were necropsied between 2022 and 2023. Results: The prevalence of heartworm disease was 17.64% (6/34). Multiple organs were affected, including the pancreas, heart, lungs, kidneys, spleen, and liver. Generalized circulatory changes, with thrombosis and congestive-hemorrhagic foci, were observed, along with inflammatory processes. Acute pancreatitis has been very rarely reported by scientists, highlighting the importance of the present study. Conclusion: By knowing all the lesions that can evolve and the organs that can be affected, veterinarians can improve laboratory diagnostic methods. Thus, specific biomarkers indicating degenerative processes in different organs can be supplemented to provide a more accurate diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":189386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal Parasites in the Fecal Samples of Male Buffalo Calves (Bubalus bubalis) in Gorkha, Nepal","authors":"Kusum Thapa Magar, T. Ghimire","doi":"10.34172/ijmpes.3125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.3125","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Buffaloes are one of the most valuable animals for humans. They are an important source of milk and meat around the world. This research aimed to evaluate the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in the fecal samples of male calves in the Gandaki Rural Municipality, Gorkha, Nepal. Further, it sought to record different GI parasites and review their zoonotic probabilities in humans. Methods: Fresh fecal samples (N=50) from 50 buffalo calves were opportunistically collected and stored at 2.5% potassium dichromate. Then, they were processed via direct mount and acid-fast techniques and observed on a compound microscope. Results: The prevalence rates of 100% intestinal parasites were present, with 11 species of GI parasites. Zoonotically possible species were Cryptosporidium, Balantidium coli, Entamoeba. coli, Ascarid, and Fasciola hepatica. Conclusion: The findings revealed that the male calves were heavily parasitized by diverse intestinal parasitic species, indicating the necessity of quick and effective antiparasitic treatment in the future. In addition, the treatment will be necessary to prevent zoonotic parasites that can impact public health, especially nearby environment and humans.","PeriodicalId":189386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-malarial and Therapeutic Potential of Ethanolic Leaf and Root Extracts of Alstonia boonei Against Plasmodium berghei Infection in Mice","authors":"C. A. Otuu, R. Obiezue, S. Eke, Hadijah Usman-Yamman, Innocent Ekuma, E. O. Udeh, Ada Q. A. Otuu","doi":"10.34172/ijmpes.3117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.3117","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The main objective of this research was to investigate the antimalarial therapeutic potential of the ethanolic extract of the leaves and roots of Alstonia boonei, a West African medicinal plant that is used for the traditional treatment of malaria, fever, and other parasitic diseases. There is a need to scientifically evaluate various plants utilized in the ancient treatment of diseases as they might be potential sources of new modern drugs; thus, the importance of this study is obvious. Methods: The extracts were subjected to in vivo antimalarial tests in mice in order to determine their efficacy against malaria infection. These materials exhibited dose–dependent antimalarial activity (P<0.05), as indicated by suppressive and curative effects on mice infected with doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weights of the Plasmodium berghei malaria parasite. Results: The suppressive test of the extracts revealed a significant dose–dependent early infection suppression at P<0.05. Conclusion: Based on the results, the plant should be further examined to analyze its bioactive compounds and position it as a potential source of new and novel molecules for antimalarial drug development.","PeriodicalId":189386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on Major Zoonotic Parasites From Dogs and Cats","authors":"M. Pal, Dinaol Tolawak, Y. Garedaghi","doi":"10.34172/ijmpes.2023.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.2023.02","url":null,"abstract":"Zoonotic diseases are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals, including birds. These diseases are transmitted through several routes and are reported in developing and developed nations of the world. The dogs and cats also act as the reservoirs of a large number of parasitic zoonoses, including toxoplasmosis, giardiasis, leishmaniasis, toxocariasis, and cryptosporidiosis. The roles of pet animals (cats and dogs) in transmitting human infections have been recognized worldwide. Since most of these parasites have an oral-fecal transmission cycle, the transmission of these zoonotic agents could occur through indirect contact with animal feces, contaminated water, and food, or direct contact with infected animals. In addition, the soil is an important route for the transmission of human pathogens. In socioeconomically disadvantaged communities, the poor levels of hygiene and overcrowding, together with a lack of veterinary attention and zoonotic awareness, exacerbate the risks of disease transmission. Traditional husbandry and inadequate management practices, the mixing of wild animals with farm animals, and unrestricted movement and living pastoralists with their animals can all contribute to the development of zoonotic diseases. Therefore, veterinarians are thought to be on the ‘front line’ of the prevention of pet animal-associated zoonotic parasitic infections.","PeriodicalId":189386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127969010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One Health Concept Applied to Zoonoses and Infectious Diseases Transmitted by Arthropods","authors":"M. Sperança","doi":"10.34172/ijmpes.2023.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.2023.01","url":null,"abstract":"According to the World Health Organization, the concept of One Health emerged to translate the interrelationships between human, animal, and environmental health. With increasing urbanization and globalization, and, consequently, with the decrease in the distance between people and the environment and wildlife, the association between human and animal health has become a relevant topic for the control of infectious diseases. Many of these diseases are transmitted by arthropod vectors and are linked to disturbances caused by anthropogenic actions (1,2). Environmental changes can interfere directly in the physiology of both the pathogen and its hosts, and indirectly, resulting from the interaction between different species, promoting the emergence of new diseases and increasing the pathogenicity of the existing diseases. Environmental chemical pollution contributes to changes in the abundance of different species and can result in immunosuppression, which favours susceptibility to pathogens (2). Often, the alterations of the original habitat force pathogens into new ecological niches or facilitate their establishment and transmission, as found in the history of malaria and emerging diseases in the riverside areas of the Madeira River in the Amazon region (3). Climate change can affect and modulate the epidemics of pathogenic agents by providing conditions for the proliferation of the arthropod vectors of infectious diseases and altering the proliferation of pathogenic agents disseminated by water (4). For example, the increase in average temperature and the occurrence of extreme events associated with global climate change contribute to the increase in the incidence of arboviruses common in the tropics and the northern hemisphere, as in the episode of autochthonous cases of dengue fever in France between 2013 and 2015 (https://ecdc. europa.eu/sites/portal/files/documents/dengue-annualepidemiological-report-2016.pdf). In developing countries such as those in Latin America, International Journal of","PeriodicalId":189386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125207703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Effect of Methanolic Extract of Astragalus effusus Plant on the Hatching of Eggs of Haemonchus Species In Vitro","authors":"Elnaz Sagheb, Y. Garedaghi","doi":"10.34172/ijmpes.2023.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.2023.06","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Internal parasites, especially nematode infections of the digestive tract (e.g., different species of Haemonchus), have always been associated with economic losses in sheep production systems in tropical regions. Therefore, the implementation of environmentally benign treatment alternatives is essential for integrated parasite control programs. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of the methanolic extract of Astragalus effusus plant on the hatching of eggs of Haemonchus species in laboratory conditions. Methods: This study was conducted between 2021 and 2022 in Tabriz, Iran. Haemonchus nematode eggs were extracted from experimentally infected sheep and were exposed to different concentrations (10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/mL) of the methanolic extract of the plant under laboratory conditions. The hatching percentage of Haemonchus eggs was recorded after repeating the experiments five times, and the 50% and 90% inhibitory concentrations of the methanolic extract of the plant (CL50 and CL90) were estimated through regression analysis. Results: Our results demonstrated the effect of the methanolic extract of the A. effusus plant on the hatching of the eggs of Haemonchus species in laboratory conditions with satisfactory results. The effect of different concentrations of the methanolic extract of A. effusus plant from 1% to 8% (10-80 mg/mL) on the hatching of the eggs of Haemonchus species was significant, and 0.5% dimethyl sulfate was considered as the negative control of the group (χ2=0.024, P<0.05). Likewise, the inhibitory effect on the hatching of the eggs of Haemonchus species in a concentration of 16% of the methanolic extract of the A. effusus plant (160 mg/mL) was similar to the effect of albendazole (positive control). Conclusion: In laboratory conditions, the methanolic extract of the A. effusus plant was effective in preventing the hatching of the eggs of Haemonchus species, which is important to guide further studies on the other effective compounds of this plant in all stages of the life of Haemonchus because different species of the A. effusus plant have widely adapted to the geographical and climatic conditions of Iran.","PeriodicalId":189386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122767898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infection Among School Children of Bajawar, Pakistan","authors":"F. Subhan, W. Khan, Hafeez Ur Rahman, Shabir Ahmed, S. Mehmood, Y. Garedaghi, Y. Fadladdin","doi":"10.34172/ijmpes.2023.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.2023.04","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are caused by protozoan and helminths and are among the most widespread infection in poor populations. The current study aimed to investigate factors affecting the prevalence IPI among children going to school at the primary level in District Bajaur. Methods: After obtaining official approval from the school administration, a formal consent questionnaire was filled out by the selected children based on age, education level, and parents’ income. A total of 687 fecal samples were collected from August 2019 to December 2019 in seven subdivisions of Bajaur and were examined through normal saline and Lugol’s iodine solutions (direct smear method). Results: The prevalence of infection was noticed in 58.5% (n=402/687) of samples, in which the highest prevalent parasite was Ascaris lumbricoides (39.8%, n=160/402), followed by Taenia saginata (18.1%, n=73/402), Entamoeba histolytica (15.4%, n=62/402), Enterobius vermicularis (8.70%, n=35/402), Giardia lamblia (7.46%, n=30/402), and Trichuris trichiura (5.47%, n=22/402). On the other hand, the lowest prevalence rate was noted for Hymenolepis nana in only 7 samples, including 2 cases (28.57%) in males and 5 cases (71.43%) in females, respectively. The students of grade 5 were more adapted to hand washing (90.9%), while the lowest rate of hand washing was observed in kindergarten and 1st class children (P>0.05). The children of the low classes were found to eat raw food materials more than those of the high classes (P>0.05). The same case was also detected for water sources (P>0.05), while the children of the 1st and 2nd classes were found more associated with pet animals than the other students (P>0.05). Mon parasitism and polyparasitism were observed at 76.6% (n=308/402) and 4.95% (n=20/402), respectively. Conclusion: The current study calls for the control of IPI among children of the study region as polyparasitism as an alarming reason.","PeriodicalId":189386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131238285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of the Science of Parasitology Simply for the General Public","authors":"A. Ghorbani, Y. Garedaghi","doi":"10.34172/ijmpes.2023.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.2023.03","url":null,"abstract":"Every year, millions of people in the world are infected with parasitic diseases, and the main conflict with parasitic diseases is in countries with hot and humid climates and low levels of hygiene. Parasites can damage human and animal communities in different ways, and these damages can be highly extensive. Parasites exist in microscopic and macroscopic forms, which are transmitted to humans and animals through different ways, including water, food, or insect bites. Controlling and examining the transmission ways of parasites is the most important way to prevent parasitic diseases. Although these control programs are being implemented today, one of the extremely important points in controlling parasites is that parasites are eukaryotic organisms, and treatment and control of these organisms is much more difficult compared to prokaryotic organisms. Accordingly, increasing public knowledge is the best way to deal with parasites.","PeriodicalId":189386,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134347998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}