{"title":"What determines whether an environmental policy is implemented?","authors":"Amy Myers Jaffe","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00678-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00678-7","url":null,"abstract":"Students at Concordian International School (aged 15–17, Thailand) ask Prof. Jaffe how policymakers determine and weigh the economic, social and environmental impacts of a policy proposal. ","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 5","pages":"319-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chris West, Gabriela Rabeschini, Chandrakant Singh, Thomas Kastner, Mairon Bastos Lima, Ahmad Dermawan, Simon Croft, U. Martin Persson
{"title":"The global deforestation footprint of agriculture and forestry","authors":"Chris West, Gabriela Rabeschini, Chandrakant Singh, Thomas Kastner, Mairon Bastos Lima, Ahmad Dermawan, Simon Croft, U. Martin Persson","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00660-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00660-3","url":null,"abstract":"Global forest loss impacts climate, biodiversity and sustainable development goals. Deforestation footprinting attributes forest loss to commodity production and consumption, identifying global trends, drivers and hot spots to inform zero-deforestation policies. In this Review, we provide an overview of global deforestation footprinting approaches and their trends. Major economies, including Brazil, Indonesia, China, the United States and Europe, are responsible for most commodity-linked deforestation, with agriculture-linked deforestation in Brazil alone reaching over 12.8 million hectares between 2005 and 2015. Agriculture is a dominant driver of deforestation. For example, 86% of global deforestation occurring between 2001 and 2022 can be attributed to crop and cattle production. Footprinting of commodity-linked deforestation has contributed to the scope and implementation of supply chain regulation to mitigate forest loss. For example, footprint estimates have been used in risk assessments for EU and UK due diligence regulations. Although forest loss to agriculture is relatively well documented, a lack of data on non-agricultural drivers — such as mining and mangrove clearance for aquaculture — limits the scope of footprints in fully attributing total global forest loss to human activities. Future research should focus on methodological and data harmonization, transparency and sharing to enable footprinting approaches to cover a wider range of deforestation drivers. Deforestation footprints identify trade- and consumption-linked hot spots of forest loss. This Review synthesizes existing footprint assessments, finding that Brazil, Indonesia and China are major drivers of commodity-linked deforestation, but that estimates are influenced by method choice.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 5","pages":"325-341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonathan D. Wille, Vincent Favier, Irina V. Gorodetskaya, Cécile Agosta, Rebecca Baiman, J. E. Barrett, Léonard Barthelemy, Burcu Boza, Deniz Bozkurt, Mathieu Casado, Anastasiia Chyhareva, Kyle R. Clem, Francis Codron, Rajashree Tri Datta, Claudio Durán-Alarcón, Diana Francis, Andrew O. Hoffman, Marlen Kolbe, Svitlana Krakovska, Gabrielle Linscott, Michelle L. Maclennan, Kyle S. Mattingly, Ye Mu, Benjamin Pohl, Christophe Leroy-Dos Santos, Christine A. Shields, Emir Toker, Andrew C. Winters, Ziqi Yin, Xun Zou, Chen Zhang, Zhenhai Zhang
{"title":"Publisher Correction: Atmospheric rivers in Antarctica","authors":"Jonathan D. Wille, Vincent Favier, Irina V. Gorodetskaya, Cécile Agosta, Rebecca Baiman, J. E. Barrett, Léonard Barthelemy, Burcu Boza, Deniz Bozkurt, Mathieu Casado, Anastasiia Chyhareva, Kyle R. Clem, Francis Codron, Rajashree Tri Datta, Claudio Durán-Alarcón, Diana Francis, Andrew O. Hoffman, Marlen Kolbe, Svitlana Krakovska, Gabrielle Linscott, Michelle L. Maclennan, Kyle S. Mattingly, Ye Mu, Benjamin Pohl, Christophe Leroy-Dos Santos, Christine A. Shields, Emir Toker, Andrew C. Winters, Ziqi Yin, Xun Zou, Chen Zhang, Zhenhai Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00679-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00679-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 6","pages":"433-433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-025-00679-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Leveraging resilience analyses for law and policy","authors":"Johanna Sophie Buerkert","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00676-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00676-9","url":null,"abstract":"Johanna Buerkert explains how resilience analyses can be used to implement laws that support the capacity of socio-ecological systems to cope with stressors.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 5","pages":"324-324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Terrestrial water storage in 2024","authors":"Bailing Li, Matthew Rodell, Himanshu Save","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00659-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00659-w","url":null,"abstract":"Global terrestrial water storage (TWS) anomalies continue to decrease, reaching a record low of –7,404 km3 in 2024, a reduction of 796 km3 from 2023. TWS gains in Africa, Australia, Europe, and central and western Antarctica were offset by substantial losses in northwestern Canada, South America, southern Africa and Greenland.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 4","pages":"261-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanchen Gui, Kai Wang, Chris Huntingford, Shankai Wei, Xiangyi Li, Ranga B. Myneni, Shilong Piao
{"title":"Vegetation greenness in 2024","authors":"Yanchen Gui, Kai Wang, Chris Huntingford, Shankai Wei, Xiangyi Li, Ranga B. Myneni, Shilong Piao","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00656-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00656-z","url":null,"abstract":"2024 witnessed record-high global vegetation greenness, far outpacing the previous high set in 2020. A total of 67.7% of vegetated land surfaces experienced greening, notably in Eurasian and tropical grasslands, and global croplands.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 4","pages":"255-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roshan Jha, Sarah E. Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Deepti Singh, Joyce Kimutai, Renata Libonati, Arpita Mondal
{"title":"Extreme terrestrial heat in 2024","authors":"Roshan Jha, Sarah E. Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Deepti Singh, Joyce Kimutai, Renata Libonati, Arpita Mondal","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00661-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00661-2","url":null,"abstract":"2024 shattered temperature records, surpassing 2023’s historic highs to become the warmest year ever recorded. Extreme heatwaves hit West Africa in February, South America and Eastern Europe in March, Southeast Asia in April, and Mexico in June.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 4","pages":"234-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benjamin D. Hamlington, Severine Fournier, Philip R. Thompson, Marta Marcos
{"title":"Sea level rise in 2024","authors":"Benjamin D. Hamlington, Severine Fournier, Philip R. Thompson, Marta Marcos","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00667-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00667-w","url":null,"abstract":"Global sea level rose 0.59 cm in 2024 relative to 2023, reaching a total increase of 10.5 cm over the 31-year satellite record of sea level. Regionally, over 40% of the ocean reached its highest annual sea level value in 2024.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 4","pages":"246-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sea ice in 2024","authors":"Lettie A. Roach, Walter N. Meier","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00662-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00662-1","url":null,"abstract":"Sea ice extent remained anomalously low in 2024. Annual mean Antarctic and Arctic sea ice extent was 10.38 million km2 and 10.42 million km2, respectively, the 2nd and 7th lowest of the satellite record.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 4","pages":"252-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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