Nature Reviews Earth & Environment最新文献

{"title":"Using rainfall exclusion systems to simulate crop responses to drought","authors":"Abderrahim Bouhenache","doi":"10.1038/s43017-026-00784-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-026-00784-0","url":null,"abstract":"Abderrahim Bouhenache describes the use of a field-scale rainfall exclusion system to quantify the response of crops to changes in water availability under real-world conditions in Africa.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"7 6","pages":"332-332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148247874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-speed imaging inside powder snow avalanches","authors":"Ivan Calic","doi":"10.1038/s43017-026-00782-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-026-00782-2","url":null,"abstract":"Ivan Calic explains how high-speed imaging cameras mounted inside a tall pylon are used to measure the internal dynamics of the airborne layers of powder snow avalanches.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"7 5","pages":"268-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147924371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atmospheric black carbon in the climate system","authors":"Örjan Gustafsson, Krishnakant Budhavant, Navinya Chimurkar, Sean Clarke, Gabrielle Dreyfus, Xin Gong, Zbigniew Klimont, Klaus Klingmüller, Sang-Woo Kim, Jos Lelieveld, Gunnar Myhre, H.R.C.R. Nair, Jianfei Peng, V. Ramanathan, Archita Rana, M. R. Manoj, S. K. Satheesh, Chandra Venkataraman, Qiang Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s43017-026-00773-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-026-00773-3","url":null,"abstract":"Black carbon (BC) aerosols are short-lived climate pollutants with important, but uncertain, climate impacts. In this Review, we synthesize observations of atmospheric BC concentrations, sources, optical properties, lifetimes and climate effects, drawing comparisons with atmospheric model simulations. Isotopic fingerprinting reveals regional differences in BC sources, with biomass burning contributing 93 ± 3% in sub-Saharan Africa, 56 ± 7% in South Asia and 28 ± 5% in East Asia. Atmospheric BC loadings have declined in South America, East Asia, Europe and North America, and stabilized in Africa and South Asia owing to clean air policies and advances in technology and practices. The optical properties of BC influence its climate effects. The global-mean mass absorption coefficient (MAC550) of atmospheric BC is 12.3 ± 5.8 m2 g−1, being highest in Africa, Europe and South Asia. MAC550 is enhanced near universally by 1.6 ± 0.4 owing to ageing during long-range transport. In major emission regions, the aerosol absorption optical depth and the direct aerosol radiative forcing ratio between the bottom and the top of the atmosphere are lower in model simulations than in observations by factors of 2 and 1.5, respectively. Relative to long-term observations, model simulations estimate higher BC deposition fluxes but lower concentrations and sunlight absorption. These discrepancies have implications for the accuracy of model representations of humidity, clouds, precipitation and climate forcing. Future research should prioritize comparisons of emission inventory and model estimates with observations to enhance model accuracy and guide mitigation efforts. Black carbon is a short-lived climate pollutant with regionally variable sources, properties and climate effects. This Review synthesizes global observations and atmospheric model simulations, showing declining black carbon emissions owing to clean air policies and technological advances, and substantial model–observation discrepancies in absorption, deposition and radiative forcing estimates.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"7 5","pages":"312-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147924365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global glacier mass change in 2025","authors":"The WGMS Network","doi":"10.1038/s43017-026-00777-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-026-00777-z","url":null,"abstract":"Glaciers lost 408 ± 132 Gt of mass during the hydrological year 2025, equivalent to 1.1 ± 0.4 mm sea-level rise. Since 1975, glacier mass loss has totalled 9,583 ± 1,211 Gt, equivalent to 26.4 ± 3.3 mm of sea-level rise, with six of the highest mass-loss years on record occurring in the past seven years.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"7 4","pages":"213-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147669051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation greenness in 2025","authors":"Nazhakaiti Anniwaer, Dan Zhu, Yanchen Gui, Chris Huntingford, Ranga B. Myneni, Shilong Piao","doi":"10.1038/s43017-026-00776-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-026-00776-0","url":null,"abstract":"Global mean vegetation greenness reached a record high in the year 2025, extending the multi-decadal upward trend. A total of 68.2% of vegetated land surfaces experienced greening, particularly in grasslands and croplands in the Southern Hemisphere and in northern mid-latitudes.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"7 4","pages":"209-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147669043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocean heat content in 2025","authors":"Senliang Bao, Yuying Pan, Yuanlong Li, Huizan Wang, Juan Du, Lijing Cheng","doi":"10.1038/s43017-026-00775-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-026-00775-1","url":null,"abstract":"As of 2025, the global full-depth ocean heat content (OHC) has risen by 481 ± 48 ZJ since 1960, with a pronounced increase of 24 ± 6 ZJ from 2024 to 2025. The highest elevations in OHC were measured in the Southern and Pacific Oceans.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"7 4","pages":"206-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147669046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current understanding of viral contributions to soil carbon cycling","authors":"Zhi Mei, José L. Balcázar","doi":"10.1038/s43017-026-00774-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-026-00774-2","url":null,"abstract":"Growing evidence indicates that soil viruses influence carbon cycling by modulating microbial metabolism and infection dynamics through auxiliary metabolic genes. Beyond host cell lysis, viral processes might regulate carbon flow and the formation of stabilized carbon pools. Integrating viral ecology into soil carbon models and restoration strategies is essential.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"7 4","pages":"201-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147669050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author Correction: The history of Earth’s sulfur cycle","authors":"Mojtaba Fakhraee, Peter W. Crockford, Kohen W. Bauer, Virgil Pasquier, Ichiko Sugiyama, Sergei Katsev, Morgan Reed Raven, Maya Gomes, Pascal Philippot, Sean. A. Crowe, Lidya G. Tarhan, Timothy W. Lyons, Noah Planavsky","doi":"10.1038/s43017-026-00781-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-026-00781-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"7 5","pages":"329-329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-026-00781-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147924366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions of tropical cyclones with global energy and water cycles","authors":"Zhanhong Ma, Lijing Cheng, Suzana J. Camargo, Kevin E. Trenberth, I. I. Lin, Gregory R. Foltz, Daniel R. Chavas, Deyuan Zhang, Elizabeth A. Ritchie, Jianfang Fei, Claudia Pasquero, Kevin J. E. Walsh, Zhemin Tan, Ryan L. Sriver, Hexin Ye, Lei Zhou","doi":"10.1038/s43017-026-00770-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-026-00770-6","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical cyclones (TCs) are powerful weather phenomena that substantially alter Earth’s energy and water budgets. In this Review, we discuss the interactions of TCs with global energy and water cycles across various spatial and temporal scales. TCs annually extract a substantial amount of heat (0.17–0.25 PW) and water (1.9–2.8 × 1015 kg yr−1) from the ocean, and account for 8–17% of tropical precipitation. In the days (up to 1 month) after a TC, the generated Rossby wave trains can affect the development of subsequent TCs. Similarly, cold wakes left at the ocean surface modulate subsequent TC activity and regional winds, clouds, rainfall and radiation. The cumulative effects of TCs can have long-term (over 1 month) effects on global ocean heat uptake (annual mean 0.13–1.4 PW), ocean circulation and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Anthropogenic warming is likely to alter TC intensity, track and frequency, and the associated precipitation; however, projections of the future impacts of TCs on energy and water transport remain uncertain. Better quantifications of energy and water flows during and after TC events are needed to improve model representation of TC processes, their evolving role in a changing climate, and estimates of future risks. Tropical cyclones (TCs) transport a substantial amount of energy and water, affecting the atmosphere and oceans. This Review outlines the immediate, short-term and long-term effects of TCs and the potential impacts of anthropogenic climate change.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"7 4","pages":"216-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147669045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policy-driven growth of technologies to accelerate climate action","authors":"Jessica Jewell, Aleh Cherp, Frank W. Geels, Masahiro Suzuki, Lola Nacke, Jale Tosun, Senjuty Bhowmik, Tsimafei Kazlou, Avi Jakhmola, Vadim Vinichenko","doi":"10.1038/s43017-026-00765-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-026-00765-3","url":null,"abstract":"More than 70% of climate policies target low-carbon technologies, with hopes that policy support will trigger tipping points and self-reinforcing growth. In practice, however, trajectories of policy-driven technologies remain difficult to explain and anticipate because their growth is nonlinear and often constrained by backlash, policy reversals and systemic barriers. In this Perspective, we develop a framework to explain, diagnose, and anticipate the growth of policy-driven technologies through four phases. In the formative phase, rapid innovation, uncertainties and frequent failures lead to erratic growth; in the accelerating growth phase, increasing economic and political returns progressively increase deployment speed; in the steady growth phase, emerging barriers dampen acceleration leading to a pattern in which growth pulsates around its peak; and in the slowdown phase, barriers stall growth and technology reaches its limits. Surprisingly, the scale and complexity of supporting policies do not necessarily diminish as technologies mature. Effective acceleration requires phase-specific policies to support technical and commercial viability in the formative phase, amplify increasing returns in the accelerating growth phase, manage barriers in the steady growth phase, and withdraw or reinvigorate support during the slowdown phase. Further advancing this phase-aware understanding of the co-evolution of policy and technology is essential for improving climate policy design and for developing more realistic technology projections and climate mitigation scenarios. Accelerating the growth of low-carbon technologies is important for achieving climate targets and is the focus of many policies. This Perspective outlines four phases in the growth of policy-driven technologies and the policy requirements to achieve acceleration in each phase.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"7 4","pages":"235-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147669049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}