Nature Reviews Earth & Environment最新文献_第5页

Sustainable wastewater reuse for agriculture 可持续废水回用于农业

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00560-y

Anastasis Christou, Vasiliki G. Beretsou, Iakovos C. Iakovides, Popi Karaolia, Costas Michael, Tarik Benmarhnia, Benny Chefetz, Erica Donner, Bernd Manfred Gawlik, Yunho Lee, Teik Thye Lim, Lian Lundy, Roberta Maffettone, Luigi Rizzo, Edward Topp, Despo Fatta-Kassinos

{"title":"Sustainable wastewater reuse for agriculture","authors":"Anastasis Christou, Vasiliki G. Beretsou, Iakovos C. Iakovides, Popi Karaolia, Costas Michael, Tarik Benmarhnia, Benny Chefetz, Erica Donner, Bernd Manfred Gawlik, Yunho Lee, Teik Thye Lim, Lian Lundy, Roberta Maffettone, Luigi Rizzo, Edward Topp, Despo Fatta-Kassinos","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00560-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00560-y","url":null,"abstract":"Effective management of water resources is crucial for global food security and sustainable development. In this Review, we explore the potential benefits and challenges associated with treated wastewater (TW) reuse for irrigation. Currently, 400 km3 yr−1 of wastewater is generated globally, but <20% is treated, and of that TW, only 2–15% is reused for irrigation depending on region. The main limitation of TW for irrigation is the inability of current treatment technologies to completely remove all micropollutants and contaminants of emerging concern, some of which have unknown impacts on crops, environment and health. However, advanced water treatment and reuse schemes, supported by water quality monitoring and regulations, can provide a stable water supply for agricultural production, as demonstrated in regions such as the USA and Israel. Such schemes could potentially serve a net energy source, as the embedded energy in wastewater exceeds treatment needs by 9 to 10 times. Agriculturally useful nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium could be also recovered and reused. TW reuse for irrigation could act as a major contributor to a circular economy and sustainable development, but the first steps will be funding and implementation of advanced and sustainable treatment technologies and social acceptance. Treated wastewater (TW) reuse for irrigation could alleviate water imbalances and boost food production in water-scarce regions, thus promoting global food and water security. This Review discusses the potential and challenges of widespread TW reuse for agriculture in a circular economy framework.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 7","pages":"504-521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141380195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Building resilience in Asian mega-deltas 建设亚洲特大三角洲的抗灾能力

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00561-x

Faith Ka Shun Chan, Amelie Paszkowski, Zilin Wang, Xiaohui Lu, Gordon Mitchell, Duc Dung Tran, Jeroen Warner, Jianfeng Li, Yongqin David Chen, Nan Li, Indrajit Pal, James Griffiths, Jiannan Chen, Wei-Qiang Chen, Yong-Guan Zhu

{"title":"Building resilience in Asian mega-deltas","authors":"Faith Ka Shun Chan, Amelie Paszkowski, Zilin Wang, Xiaohui Lu, Gordon Mitchell, Duc Dung Tran, Jeroen Warner, Jianfeng Li, Yongqin David Chen, Nan Li, Indrajit Pal, James Griffiths, Jiannan Chen, Wei-Qiang Chen, Yong-Guan Zhu","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00561-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00561-x","url":null,"abstract":"The five Asian mega-deltas (the Yangtze, the Pearl, the Chao Phraya, the Mekong and the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna deltas) are home to approximately 80% of the global deltaic population and the region experiences 90% of global flood exposure. In this Review, we investigate the similarities and differences between the Asian mega-deltas to identify transferable lessons to improve climate resilience. The deltas are increasingly threatened by coastal flooding, saline intrusion and erosion caused by climate change and human activities such as groundwater extraction and dam construction. Owing to differences in the stages of their development, various resilience measures have been implemented. For example, the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna and Mekong deltas use strategic delta plans to identify risk hotspots and guide decision-making. These deltas also increase resilience at a community level by supporting communities to diversify their livelihoods to respond to changing risks and land conditions. Meanwhile, the Yangtze and Pearl deltas have developed forecasting and sensing technologies to allow them to prepare for and respond to hazards effectively. The Asian mega-deltas should learn from one another to integrate effective resilience plans across regional, delta and community levels. Future cross-delta collaborations and knowledge transfer, for example through the formation of a Regional Delta Resilience Alliance, could help to achieve long-term sustainable delta management. Climate change and human activities are increasing the exposure of deltaic communities to natural hazards. This Review discusses lessons that the Asian mega-deltas can share to develop long-term resilience strategies.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 7","pages":"522-537"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141252196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Economic quantification of Loss and Damage funding needs 损失和损害资金需求的经济量化

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00565-7

Massimo Tavoni, Pietro Andreoni, Matteo Calcaterra, Elisa Calliari, Teresa Deubelli-Hwang, Reinhard Mechler, Stefan Hochrainer-Stigler, Leonie Wenz

引用次数: 0

Fire effects on geomorphic processes 火灾对地貌过程的影响

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00557-7

Luke A. McGuire, Brian A. Ebel, Francis K. Rengers, Diana C. S. Vieira, Petter Nyman

{"title":"Fire effects on geomorphic processes","authors":"Luke A. McGuire, Brian A. Ebel, Francis K. Rengers, Diana C. S. Vieira, Petter Nyman","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00557-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00557-7","url":null,"abstract":"Fire-induced geomorphic changes, such as enhanced erosion and debris-flow activity, are expected to increase with climate change owing to increases in fire activity and rainfall intensification. In this Review, we summarize how landscape attributes, rainfall and burn severity influence post-fire geomorphic responses over a range of temporal and spatial scales. Sub-hourly rainfall intensity and burn severity control the magnitude of many post-fire geomorphic process rates through their influence on ground cover and rainfall-runoff partitioning. Post-fire debris flows (PFDFs) make a substantial contribution to the post-fire sediment cascade, transporting sediment from hillslopes to channels, adjacent floodplains and alluvial fans. By the late twenty-first century, PFDF activity is estimated to increase in 68% of areas in which PFDFs have occurred in the past and decrease in only 2% of locations. Once altered by fire, geomorphic state variables — such as infiltration capacity, canopy cover, ground cover and sediment availability — can recover to their pre-fire value or be shifted to a new value. Improved understanding of the factors that influence these post-fire trajectories could support targeted management and intervention strategies. Additionally, monitoring that extends beyond the first 1–3 years after fire and deeper integration of ecohydrological processes into geomorphic models are needed to improve forecasts of post-fire geomorphic responses. Fire can increase the rates of geomorphic processes leading to rapid landscape change and sediment-related hazards. This Review outlines the factors and processes that influence the magnitude, temporal persistence and extent of fire-induced geomorphic changes.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 7","pages":"486-503"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Monitoring volcanoes with microgravity surveys 利用微重力测量监测火山

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00563-9

Josefa Sepúlveda-Araya

引用次数: 0

Using pyrocosms to determine fire impacts on soil molecules 利用高温模型确定火灾对土壤分子的影响

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00562-w

Jacob P. VanderRoest

引用次数: 0

From academia to a career in documentary film-making 从学术界到纪录片制作生涯

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00564-8

Erin Scott, Eleni Wood

引用次数: 0

Monitoring, trends and impacts of light pollution 光污染的监测、趋势和影响

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00555-9

Hector Linares Arroyo, Angela Abascal, Tobias Degen, Martin Aubé, Brian R. Espey, Geza Gyuk, Franz Hölker, Andreas Jechow, Monika Kuffer, Alejandro Sánchez de Miguel, Alexandre Simoneau, Ken Walczak, Christopher C. M. Kyba

{"title":"Monitoring, trends and impacts of light pollution","authors":"Hector Linares Arroyo, Angela Abascal, Tobias Degen, Martin Aubé, Brian R. Espey, Geza Gyuk, Franz Hölker, Andreas Jechow, Monika Kuffer, Alejandro Sánchez de Miguel, Alexandre Simoneau, Ken Walczak, Christopher C. M. Kyba","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00555-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00555-9","url":null,"abstract":"Light pollution has increased globally, with 80% of the total population now living under light-polluted skies. In this Review, we elucidate the scope and importance of light pollution and discuss techniques to monitor it. In urban areas, light emissions from sources such as street lights lead to a zenith radiance 40 times larger than that of an unpolluted night sky. Non-urban areas account for over 50% of the total night-time light observed by satellites, with contributions from sources such as transportation networks and resource extraction. Artificial light can disturb the migratory and reproductive behaviours of animals even at the low illuminances from diffuse skyglow. Additionally, lighting (indoor and outdoor) accounts for 20% of global electricity consumption and 6% of CO2 emissions, leading to indirect environmental impacts and a financial cost. However, existing monitoring techniques can only perform a limited number of measurements throughout the night and lack spectral and spatial resolution. Therefore, satellites with improved spectral and spatial resolution are needed to enable time series analysis of light pollution trends throughout the night. Increasing light emissions threaten human and ecological health. This Review outlines existing measurements and projections of light pollution trends and impacts, as well as developments in ground-based and remote sensing techniques that are needed to improve them.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 6","pages":"417-430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characteristics and changes of glacial lakes and outburst floods 冰川湖和溃决洪水的特征和变化

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00554-w

Guoqing Zhang, Jonathan L. Carrivick, Adam Emmer, Dan H. Shugar, Georg Veh, Xue Wang, Celeste Labedz, Martin Mergili, Nico Mölg, Matthias Huss, Simon Allen, Shin Sugiyama, Natalie Lützow

{"title":"Characteristics and changes of glacial lakes and outburst floods","authors":"Guoqing Zhang, Jonathan L. Carrivick, Adam Emmer, Dan H. Shugar, Georg Veh, Xue Wang, Celeste Labedz, Martin Mergili, Nico Mölg, Matthias Huss, Simon Allen, Shin Sugiyama, Natalie Lützow","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00554-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00554-w","url":null,"abstract":"Global glacier mass loss has accelerated, producing more and larger glacial lakes. Many of these glacial lakes are a source of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), which pose threats to people and infrastructure. In this Review, we synthesize global changes in glacial lakes and GLOFs. More than 110,000 glacial lakes currently exist, covering a total area of ~15,000 km2, having increased in area by ~22% dec–1 from 1990 to 2020. More than 10 million people are exposed to the impacts of GLOFs, commonly associated with dam failure or wave overtopping associated with mass movements. Although data limitations are substantial, more than 3,000 GLOFs have been recorded from 850 to 2022, particularly in Alaska (24%), High Mountain Asia (HMA; 18%) and Iceland (19%), the majority (64.8%) being from ice-dammed lakes. Recorded GLOFs have increased in most glaciated mountain regions of the world, with ongoing deglaciation and lake expansion expected to increase GLOF frequency further. In HMA, GLOF hazards are projected to triple by 2100, but changes in other regions will likely be lower given topographic constraints on lake evolution. Future research should prioritize acquiring field data on lake and dam properties, producing globally coordinated multi-temporal lake mapping, and robust and efficient modelling of GLOFs for comprehensive hazard assessment and response planning. Warmer temperatures enhance formation of glacial lakes that can suddenly and catastrophically release as a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF), threatening downstream lives and infrastructure. This Review outlines observed and projected changes in glacial lakes and GLOFs, reporting that both will increase with ongoing deglaciation.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 6","pages":"447-462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141114420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular insights and impacts of wildfire-induced soil chemical changes 野火诱发土壤化学变化的分子认识和影响

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00548-8

Alandra Marie Lopez, Claudia Christine E. Avila, Jacob P. VanderRoest, Holly K. Roth, Scott Fendorf, Thomas Borch

{"title":"Molecular insights and impacts of wildfire-induced soil chemical changes","authors":"Alandra Marie Lopez, Claudia Christine E. Avila, Jacob P. VanderRoest, Holly K. Roth, Scott Fendorf, Thomas Borch","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00548-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00548-8","url":null,"abstract":"Wildfires act as important ecosystem controls and can benefit fire-adapted biomes by promoting habitat heterogeneity, seed germination and disease control. However, the frequency of high-severity fires and the extent of total burn area have increased since the 1970s, transforming both the organic and inorganic composition of soil. In this Review, we outline the molecular-scale transformations and biogeochemical interactions of soil organic matter (SOM) and metals induced by wildfires and explore their impacts on post-fire human health and ecosystem recovery. Wildfires enhance organic matter solubility and increase the number of nitrogen-containing SOM molecules by up to 32%. Additionally, wildfires can double the concentration of toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil and induce the formation of toxic metal species such as As(III) and Cr(VI) through redox reactions. In post-fire environments, pyrogenic organic matter is susceptible to microbial degradation and can interact with soil minerals to influence metal redox cycling. Moreover, post-fire products such as karrikins and PAHs promote and inhibit revegetation, respectively, influencing ecosystem recovery. Improved techniques to monitor changes in the soil and the surrounding ecosystem are needed to better understand and mitigate the negative effects of wildfires. Wildfires are important ecosystem regulators and can benefit many fire-prone ecosystems, but extreme fires can leave soils vulnerable to nutrient loss and contaminant transformations. This Review discusses fire-induced impacts on soil chemistry and post-fire soil, air and water recovery.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 6","pages":"431-446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140926246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0