Nature Reviews Earth & Environment最新文献

{"title":"Projections of an ice-free Arctic Ocean","authors":"Alexandra Jahn, Marika M. Holland, Jennifer E. Kay","doi":"10.1038/s43017-023-00515-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-023-00515-9","url":null,"abstract":"Observed Arctic sea ice losses are a sentinel of anthropogenic climate change. These reductions are projected to continue with ongoing warming, ultimately leading to an ice-free Arctic (sea ice area <1 million km2). In this Review, we synthesize understanding of the timing and regional variability of such an ice-free Arctic. In the September monthly mean, the earliest ice-free conditions (the first single occurrence of an ice-free Arctic) could occur in 2020–2030s under all emission trajectories and are likely to occur by 2050. However, daily September ice-free conditions are expected approximately 4 years earlier on average, with the possibility of preceding monthly metrics by 10 years. Consistently ice-free September conditions (frequent occurrences of an ice-free Arctic) are anticipated by mid-century (by 2035–2067), with emission trajectories determining how often and for how long the Arctic could be ice free. Specifically, there is potential for ice-free conditions in May–January and August–October by 2100 under a high-emission and low-emission scenario, respectively. In all cases, sea ice losses begin in the European Arctic, proceed to the Pacific Arctic and end in the Central Arctic, if becoming ice free at all. Future research must assess the impact of model selection and recalibration on projections, and assess the drivers of internal variability that can cause early ice-free conditions. With continued anthropogenic warming, an ice-free Arctic (sea ice area <1 million km2) is inevitable. This Review outlines the various characteristics of an ice-free Arctic, highlighting that future emission trajectories will determine where, how frequently and how long the Arctic will be ice free each year.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 3","pages":"164-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-023-00515-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140035438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using multiparameter meters to monitor estuarine water quality","authors":"Sandy Castellano","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00528-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00528-y","url":null,"abstract":"Sandy Castellano explains how multiparameter meters are a quick and cost-effective method to monitor water quality in estuaries.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 3","pages":"162-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140035650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing demand for environmental science expertise in the corporate sector","authors":"Alexey K. Pavlov, Daiane G. Faller, Mathilde Erfurt, Tracy Lane, Josh Hasdell, Jane E. Collins","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00526-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00526-0","url":null,"abstract":"Growing awareness of environmental risks and mounting regulatory and consumer pressure have driven unprecedented demand for environmental science expertise in the corporate sector. Recruiting skilled individuals with academic backgrounds and fostering collaboration among businesses, research institutions, universities and environmental professionals are vital for enhancing environmental knowledge and capability in companies.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 3","pages":"156-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140019582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From academia to a career in geoscience consultancy","authors":"Erin Scott, Tim Armitage","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00529-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00529-x","url":null,"abstract":"To explore career opportunities outside of academia, Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Tim Armitage about their career path from a postdoctoral researcher to a geoscience consultant at the British Geological Survey.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 3","pages":"159-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140005713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From academia to a career in strategic water planning","authors":"Erin Scott, Sarah Clancy","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00525-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00525-1","url":null,"abstract":"To explore career opportunities outside of academia, Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Sarah Clancy about their career path from a postdoctoral researcher to a technical policy advisor at Northumbrian Water.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 3","pages":"161-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140005753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From academia to a career in the climate tech industry","authors":"Graham Simpkins, Sandra Ó. Snæbjörnsdóttir","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00530-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00530-4","url":null,"abstract":"To explore career opportunities outside of academia, Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Sandra Snæbjörnsdóttir about their career path from postdoctoral researcher to Chief Scientist at Carbfix.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 3","pages":"160-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140005717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The value of Antarctic and Southern Ocean ecosystem services","authors":"Natalie Stoeckl, Vanessa Adams, Rachel Baird, Anne Boothroyd, Robert Costanza, Darla Hatton MacDonald, Glenn Finau, Elizabeth A. Fulton, Matt A. King, Ida Kubiszewski, Delphine Lannuzel, Elizabeth Leane, Jess Melbourne-Thomas, Hanne Neilsen, Can-Seng Ooi, Mala Raghavan, Valeria Senigaglia, Jing Tian, Satoshi Yamazaki","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00523-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00523-3","url":null,"abstract":"Antarctica and the Southern Ocean provide numerous ecosystem services that benefit people globally, but many are ‘invisible’ to markets and to some decision makers. A subset of these services — Antarctic tourism, commercial fisheries, and a suite of inter-related regulating services — are conservatively valued at ~US $180 billion annually, highlighting their importance.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 3","pages":"153-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139988049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing and addressing the global state of food production data scarcity","authors":"Endalkachew Abebe Kebede, Hanan Abou Ali, Tyler Clavelle, Halley E. Froehlich, Jessica A. Gephart, Sarah Hartman, Mario Herrero, Hannah Kerner, Piyush Mehta, Catherine Nakalembe, Deepak K. Ray, Stefan Siebert, Philip Thornton, Kyle Frankel Davis","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00516-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00516-2","url":null,"abstract":"Food production data — such as crop, livestock, aquaculture and fisheries statistics — are critical to achieving multiple sustainable development goals. However, the lack of reliable, regularly collected, accessible, usable and spatially disaggregated statistics limits an accurate picture of the state of food production in many countries and prevents the implementation of effective food system interventions. In this Review, we take stock of national and international food production data to understand its availability and limitations. Across databases, there is substantial global variation in data timeliness, granularity (both spatially and by food category) and transparency. Data scarcity challenges are most pronounced for livestock and aquatic food production. These challenges are largely concentrated in Central America, the Middle East and Africa owing to a combination of inconsistent census implementation and a global reliance on self-reporting. Because data scarcity is the result of technical, institutional and political obstacles, solutions must include technological and policy innovations. Fusing traditional and emerging data-gathering techniques with coordinated governance and dedicated long-term financing will be key to overcoming current obstacles to sustained, up-to-date and accurate food production data collection, foundational in promoting and monitoring progress towards healthier and more sustainable food systems worldwide. Accurate and timely food production data are needed to promote food security and sustainability, but data scarcity exists across national and international levels. This Review examines data availability and reliability for crops, livestock and aquatic food production and recommends solutions to address data scarcity.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 4","pages":"295-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-024-00516-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139924801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publisher Correction: Firn on ice sheets","authors":"The Firn Symposium team","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00524-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00524-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 4","pages":"330-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-024-00524-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140553052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short- and long-term variability of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets","authors":"Edward Hanna, Dániel Topál, Jason E. Box, Sammie Buzzard, Frazer D. W. Christie, Christine Hvidberg, Mathieu Morlighem, Laura De Santis, Alessandro Silvano, Florence Colleoni, Ingo Sasgen, Alison F. Banwell, Michiel R. van den Broeke, Robert DeConto, Jan De Rydt, Heiko Goelzer, Alexandra Gossart, G. Hilmar Gudmundsson, Katrin Lindbäck, Bertie Miles, Ruth Mottram, Frank Pattyn, Ronja Reese, Eric Rignot, Aakriti Srivastava, Sainan Sun, Justin Toller, Peter A. Tuckett, Lizz Ultee","doi":"10.1038/s43017-023-00509-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-023-00509-7","url":null,"abstract":"The variability of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets occurs on various timescales and is important for projections of sea level rise; however, there are substantial uncertainties concerning future ice-sheet mass changes. In this Review, we explore the degree to which short-term fluctuations and extreme glaciological events reflect the ice sheets’ long-term evolution and response to ongoing climate change. Short-term (decadal or shorter) variations in atmospheric or oceanic conditions can trigger amplifying feedbacks that increase the sensitivity of ice sheets to climate change. For example, variability in ocean-induced and atmosphere-induced melting can trigger ice thinning, retreat and/or collapse of ice shelves, grounding-line retreat, and ice flow acceleration. The Antarctic Ice Sheet is especially prone to increased melting and ice sheet collapse from warm ocean currents, which could be accentuated with increased climate variability. In Greenland both high and low melt anomalies have been observed since 2012, highlighting the influence of increased interannual climate variability on extreme glaciological events and ice sheet evolution. Failing to adequately account for such variability can result in biased projections of multi-decadal ice mass loss. Therefore, future research should aim to improve climate and ocean observations and models, and develop sophisticated ice sheet models that are directly constrained by observational records and can capture ice dynamical changes across various timescales. The different contributions of long-term and short-term variability to the evolution of ice sheets lead to substantial uncertainties in ice sheet models. This Review describes the response of ice sheets to oceanic, atmospheric and hydrological processes across a range of timescales.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 3","pages":"193-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139763607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}