{"title":"Pursuing partnerships to support early-career researchers","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00622-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00622-1","url":null,"abstract":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment has formed partnerships with several Earth science communities, such as GeoLatinas, the Earth Science Women’s Network and the Association of Polar Early Career Scientists, to provide opportunities for early-career researchers from a diverse set of backgrounds to publish Tools of the Trade articles.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 12","pages":"835-836"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-024-00622-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shouro Dasgupta, Elizabeth J. Z. Robinson, Soheil Shayegh, Francesco Bosello, R. Jisung Park, Simon N. Gosling
{"title":"Heat stress and the labour force","authors":"Shouro Dasgupta, Elizabeth J. Z. Robinson, Soheil Shayegh, Francesco Bosello, R. Jisung Park, Simon N. Gosling","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00606-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00606-1","url":null,"abstract":"Heat stress affects the health of workers through physiological and behavioural responses, in turn, affecting the labour force through impacts on labour supply, labour productivity and labour capacity. In this Review, we explore the extent to which heat stress affects the labour force and discuss the corresponding occupational health and economic impacts. The relationship between labour force outcomes and temperature is largely nonlinear, declining sharply beyond peak thresholds. Observed and projected labour losses are heterogeneous across regions, sectors and warming levels. High-exposure sectors such as agriculture and construction are projected to experience the greatest losses under future warming, with ~33%, ~25% and ~18% declines in effective labour across Africa, Asia and Oceania, respectively, under a 3 °C warming scenario. Labour losses are also expected in low-exposure sectors such as manufacturing and utilities, but Northern Europe tends to benefit in the short run. These collective heterogeneous labour impacts lead to considerable reductions in global gross domestic product (GDP) and welfare, with projected GDP losses of 5.9% in South Asia and 3.6% in Africa. Improved local-scale exposure–response functions and incorporating adaptation into economic models are required to advance understanding of heat stress impacts on labour. Rising temperatures are increasing heat stress, in turn, influencing the labour force. This Review outlines observed and projected changes to labour supply, labour productivity and labour capacity, offering insight into their macroeconomic impacts and adaptation opportunities.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 12","pages":"859-872"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mingyu Zhao, Benjamin J. W. Mills, Simon W. Poulton, Bo Wan, Ke-Qing Xiao, Licheng Guo, Zhengtang Guo
{"title":"Drivers of the global phosphorus cycle over geological time","authors":"Mingyu Zhao, Benjamin J. W. Mills, Simon W. Poulton, Bo Wan, Ke-Qing Xiao, Licheng Guo, Zhengtang Guo","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00603-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00603-4","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus is a key limiting nutrient of terrestrial and marine primary production. Thus, the global phosphorus cycle is intimately linked with the carbon cycle and influences climate over geological timescales. In this Review, we explore the environmental forcings governing the global phosphorus cycle over the last ~3.0 billion years, focusing on sources from continental weathering and removal through burial in marine sediments. Modern continental weathering of phosphorus is dominated by apatite dissolution (25.4 ± 5.4 × 1010 mol year−1) and organic matter oxidation (1.2 ± 0.2 × 1010 mol year−1), and is governed by local temperature, biota, tectonic activity and atmospheric partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Of this modern weathered phosphorus flux, rivers deliver 2.8 ± 0.2 × 1010 mol year−1 dissolved phosphorus and 20 ± 6 × 1010 mol year−1 reactive particulate phosphorus to the ocean, where phosphorus has a residence time of 11,000–27,000 years. Phosphorus burial in marine sediments is the primary sink term and balances with phosphorus weathering on geological timescales. Burial rates are governed by organic matter flux, ocean chemistry, redox conditions, temperature and biological activity in sediments. Enhanced resolution of empirical observations combined with sophisticated data analysis is needed to robustly constrain how environmental drivers influence the phosphorus cycle and, thus, climate. The phosphorus cycle limits primary production on geological timescales, influencing climate. This Review explores the environmental drivers impacting the rates of continental weathering and phosphorus burial in marine sediments, which are the primary sources and sinks in the global phosphorus cycle.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 12","pages":"873-889"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solid phase extraction to measure B-vitamins in aquatic systems","authors":"Meriel J. Bittner","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00620-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00620-3","url":null,"abstract":"Meriel Bittner explains how solid phase extraction can be used to concentrate B-vitamins for quantification in aquatic systems.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 12","pages":"842-842"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deep-ocean drilling to explore the hydraulic structure of subduction faults","authors":"Pei Pei","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00619-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00619-w","url":null,"abstract":"Pei Pei describes how deep-ocean drilling can reveal insights into the seismic cycle along subduction boundaries, such as at the Japan trench.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 12","pages":"841-841"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephen Super Barasa, Fidele Ntie-Kang, The SAFARI consortium
{"title":"Sustainably addressing Africa’s antimicrobial pollution crisis","authors":"Stephen Super Barasa, Fidele Ntie-Kang, The SAFARI consortium","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00618-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00618-x","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial pollution in Africa is escalating rapidly, threatening ecosystems and human health. Naturally occurring minerals, flora and microbial communities can support cost-effective and environmentally sustainable strategies to address this crisis and help achieve relevant Sustainable Development Goals.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 12","pages":"837-838"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roeland C. van de Vijsel, Marten Scheffer, Antonius J. F. Hoitink
{"title":"Tipping points in river deltas","authors":"Roeland C. van de Vijsel, Marten Scheffer, Antonius J. F. Hoitink","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00610-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00610-5","url":null,"abstract":"River deltas are susceptible to rapid and irreversible regime shifts in channel morphodynamics, estuarine turbidity and coastal wetland state. In this Review, we discuss the tipping mechanisms and self-reinforcing feedbacks underlying these regime shifts. The propensity for tipping in deltas can be increased by climate and land-use changes, based on projections from published data from 47 deltas worldwide. For example, sand mining, sediment retention behind barriers and increased floods under climate change have led to scour hole formation in the Rhine–Meuse Delta, river bank retreat in the Mekong Delta, and turbidity flushing in San Francisco Bay. Conversely, flood-prone areas with increased sediment influx caused by deforestation might be susceptible to avulsion. Resilience indicators based on observational data quantify the robustness of deltas to such regime shifts and could provide warnings when action should be taken to avoid degradation or yield insight into ways to promote back-tipping. However, resilience indicators alone are insufficient to identify the exact tipping point. Dynamical systems theory could provide a helpful framework to analyse tipping dynamics, but to apply this approach to real-world data, improvements in mathematical models of tipping points will be needed alongside an increase in continuous measurements of river deltas. Land-use and climate changes can reduce the resilience of river deltas to regime shifts in channel morphodynamics, estuarine turbidity and the state of coastal wetlands. This Review discusses how these regime shifts can be triggered, monitored and prevented.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 12","pages":"843-858"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multiscale incubations to investigate microalgal dynamics","authors":"Simon P. H. Jaffrès","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00616-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00616-z","url":null,"abstract":"Simon Jaffrès explains how multiscale incubations help reveal marine microalgal responses to environmental change","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 12","pages":"840-840"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johan Rockström, Jonathan F. Donges, Ingo Fetzer, Maria A. Martin, Lan Wang-Erlandsson, Katherine Richardson
{"title":"Planetary Boundaries guide humanity’s future on Earth","authors":"Johan Rockström, Jonathan F. Donges, Ingo Fetzer, Maria A. Martin, Lan Wang-Erlandsson, Katherine Richardson","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00597-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00597-z","url":null,"abstract":"Human pressures have pushed the Earth system deep into the Anthropocene, threatening its stability, resilience and functioning. The Planetary Boundaries (PB) framework emerged against these threats, setting safe levels to the biophysical systems and processes that, with high likelihood, ensure life-supporting Holocene-like conditions. In this Review, we synthesize PB advancements, detailing its emergence and mainstreaming across scientific disciplines and society. The nine PBs capture the key functions regulating the Earth system. The safe operating space has been transgressed for six of these. PB science is essential to prevent further Earth system risks and has sparked new research on the precision of safe boundaries. Human development within planetary boundaries defines sustainable development, informing advances in social sciences. Each PB translates to a finite budget that the world must operate within, requiring strengthened global governance. The PB framework has been adopted by businesses and informed policy across the world, informing new thinking about fundamental justice concerns, and has inspired, among other concepts, the planetary commons, planetary health and doughnut economics. Future work must increase the precision and frequency of PB analyses, and, together with Earth observation data analytics, produce a high-resolution and real-time state of planetary health. The Planetary Boundary (PB) framework — which provides guardrails to maintain the safe operating space for humanity — has received widespread scientific and societal interest. This Review outlines the emergence and mainstreaming of PB thinking, including relevance to Earth system science, justice, governance, economics and sustainability.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 11","pages":"773-788"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-024-00597-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shipboard microcosms help explore changing ocean dynamics","authors":"Laurence Bisson","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00614-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00614-1","url":null,"abstract":"Laurence Bisson explains how shipboard microcosms can be used to monitor microbial responses to changing ocean dynamics.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 12","pages":"839-839"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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