Mutual FundsPub Date : 2021-03-08DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3800001
Jochen Hartmann, Matthias Pelster, Soenke Sievers
{"title":"Shareholder Activism Around the Globe: Hedge Funds vs. Other Professional Investors","authors":"Jochen Hartmann, Matthias Pelster, Soenke Sievers","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3800001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3800001","url":null,"abstract":"Shareholder activism has sharply increased over the past decade and spread both across countries and among different types of investors. Today, 50% of all engagements occur outside North America, with non-hedge fund investors accounting for one-third of all engagements. We investigate the effects and drivers of hedge fund and non-hedge fund activism using an international dataset of 2,689 activist engagements across 44 countries between 2008 and 2019. Activist investments in North America, on average, yield the largest immediate positive stock market returns and buy-and-hold returns, followed by engagements in Europe and the Asia-Pacific region. In North America, short-term abnormal returns for hedge funds are at a similar level as those for non-hedge funds, but in Europe and the Asia-Pacific region, they are higher for non-hedge funds. However, globally, hedge funds achieve higher buy-and hold returns and are more successful than non-hedge funds in implementing change in target firms. Over time, our results suggest unfulfilled investor expectations, as announcement returns are increasing but (abnormal) buy-and-hold returns and the impact on performance measures of target firms are decreasing for both hedge funds and non-hedge funds.","PeriodicalId":18891,"journal":{"name":"Mutual Funds","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81412055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mutual FundsPub Date : 2021-03-08DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3744858
I. Sifat
{"title":"On Cryptocurrencies as an Independent Asset Class: Long-Horizon and COVID-19 Pandemic Era Decoupling from Global Sentiments","authors":"I. Sifat","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3744858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3744858","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Employing high-dimensional stochastic-volatility commonality tests on crypto-assets against a basket of global investor sentiment proxies, we report new evidence that the cryptocurrency market is decoupled from global sentiments. Our approach's novelty resides in employment of appropriate sources of risk and uncertainty and two comprehensive indices (CRIX and VCRIX) that permit treating cryptocurrencies as a united pool from 2016 to 2021. Our consolidated findings suggest nugatory association between cryptocurrencies and global risk, risk aversion, and uncertainty. Further COVID-19 resampling reinforces long-horizon results. These findings bolster the growing wave of support for recognizing crypto-assets as an independent asset class.","PeriodicalId":18891,"journal":{"name":"Mutual Funds","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86719223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mutual FundsPub Date : 2021-03-07DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3799402
Rajan Raju, R. Baruah
{"title":"Are Indian Large-Cap Equity Funds Well-Diversified?","authors":"Rajan Raju, R. Baruah","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3799402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3799402","url":null,"abstract":"We look at whether Indian large-cap equity schemes are well-diversified using the total number of holdings and number of effective holdings.","PeriodicalId":18891,"journal":{"name":"Mutual Funds","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83767155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mutual FundsPub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.3844/JCSSP.2021.251.264
Firuz Kamalov, Ikhlaas Gurrib, Khairan D. Rajab
{"title":"Financial Forecasting with Machine Learning: Price Vs Return","authors":"Firuz Kamalov, Ikhlaas Gurrib, Khairan D. Rajab","doi":"10.3844/JCSSP.2021.251.264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/JCSSP.2021.251.264","url":null,"abstract":"Forecasting directional movement of stock price using machine learning tools has attracted a considerable amount of research. Two of the most common input features in a directional forecasting model are stock price and return. The choice between the former and the latter variables is often subjective. In this study, we compare the effectiveness of stock price and return as input features in directional forecasting models. We perform an extensive comparison of the two input features using 10-year historical data of ten large cap US companies. We employ four popular classification algorithms as the basis of the forecasting models used in our study. The results show that stock price is a more effective standalone input feature than return. The effectiveness of stock price and return equalize when we add technical indicators to the input feature set. We conclude that price is generally a more potent input feature than return value in predicting the direction of price movement. Our results should aid researchers and practitioners interested in applying machine learning models to stock price forecasting.","PeriodicalId":18891,"journal":{"name":"Mutual Funds","volume":"492 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77796348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mutual FundsPub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3874582
Pat Akey, Adriana Z. Robertson, Mikhail Simutin
{"title":"Closet Active Management of Passive Funds","authors":"Pat Akey, Adriana Z. Robertson, Mikhail Simutin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3874582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3874582","url":null,"abstract":"Ostensibly passive index funds and ETFs are surprisingly active. A third of these funds exhibit more activeness than the median actively managed fund, as measured by conventional proxies. Using hand-collected prospectus data, we find that \"passive\" funds offer an increasingly wide assortment of styles and provide more extreme factor exposures than active funds. We also identify a new dimension of activeness: the use of an index that is explicitly proprietary to the index fund or ETF. In contrast with actively managed funds, more active index funds and ETFs---\"closet activists\"---underperform. A one-standard deviation increase in activeness is associated with a 55 basis-point decrease in annual alpha. Our results point to the increasingly blurred line between \"active\" and \"passive\" funds.","PeriodicalId":18891,"journal":{"name":"Mutual Funds","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78068985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mutual FundsPub Date : 2021-02-26DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3793594
Wei Dai, N. Saito, Stephen Watson
{"title":"Pursuing Multiple Premiums: Combination vs. Integration","authors":"Wei Dai, N. Saito, Stephen Watson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3793594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3793594","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares two different approaches to pursue multiple premiums: a combination approach (market portfolio plus factor portfolios) and a fully integrated approach. We evaluate the two approaches via multiple lenses: pursuit of higher expected returns, distribution of over- and underweights, turnover, and costs. Our analysis shows the integrated approach can lead to greater reliability of outperformance, better risk control, and lower costs. These benefits are critical to an efficient pursuit of multiple premiums and cannot be replicated through combination approaches.","PeriodicalId":18891,"journal":{"name":"Mutual Funds","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84881993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mutual FundsPub Date : 2021-02-25DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3792800
Narongdech Thakerngkiat, Harvey Nguyen, N. Nguyen, Nuttawat Visaltanachoti
{"title":"Do Accounting Information and Market Environment Matter for Cross-Asset Predictability?","authors":"Narongdech Thakerngkiat, Harvey Nguyen, N. Nguyen, Nuttawat Visaltanachoti","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3792800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3792800","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines whether the differences in accounting information between stocks affect cross-asset return predictability. We use a comprehensive set of accounting variables and find that abnormal accruals, earnings smoothness, book-to-market, firm age, leverage, abnormal capital investment, and investment growth, among others, explain the variation in return predictability across pairing stocks. Moreover, our results show that cross-asset predictability varies over time and is associated with funding liquidity and market sentiment. A simple trading strategy based on our findings yields a higher mean return, lower standard deviation, and higher Sharpe ratio compared to the buy-and-hold strategy.<br>","PeriodicalId":18891,"journal":{"name":"Mutual Funds","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88867855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mutual FundsPub Date : 2021-02-25DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3810593
Daniel Fricke
{"title":"Synthetic Leverage and Fund Risk-Taking","authors":"Daniel Fricke","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3810593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3810593","url":null,"abstract":"Mutual fund risk-taking via active portfolio rebalancing varies both in the cross- section and over time. In this paper, I show that the same is true for funds' off- balance sheet risk-taking, even after controlling for on-balance sheet activities. For this purpose, I propose a novel measure of synthetic leverage, which can be estimated based on publicly available information. In the empirical application, I show that German equity funds have increased their risk-taking via synthetic leverage from mid-2015 up until early 2019. In the cross-section, I find that synthetically leveraged funds tend to underperform and display higher levels of fragility.","PeriodicalId":18891,"journal":{"name":"Mutual Funds","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81923364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mutual FundsPub Date : 2021-02-24DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3792541
Matt Hougan, David Lawant
{"title":"Cryptoassets: The Guide to Bitcoin, Blockchain, and Cryptocurrency for Investment Professionals","authors":"Matt Hougan, David Lawant","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3792541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3792541","url":null,"abstract":"Bitcoin, blockchain, and cryptocurrencies burst onto the world stage in 2008, when the online posting of a pseudonymous white paper provided a vision of a new way to transfer value over the internet.<br><br>In the decade-plus since, the cryptoasset market has gone through all the classic phases of a disruptive technology: massive bull markets and crushing pullbacks, periods of euphoria and moments of despair, FOMO (fear of missing out), fear, and everything in between.<br><br>As the cryptomarket enters its second decade, one thing is clear: Crypto is not going away. Cryptoasset markets are rallying toward new all-time highs, and many of the world’s largest investors and financial institutions are getting involved.<br><br>Investors looking into crypto, however, face significant challenges. The quality of information is poor. Theories about the drivers of cryptoasset valuations are untested and often poorly designed, and they are rarely—if ever—published in peer-reviewed journals. Due diligence efforts from leading consultants are in their infancy, and few people have carefully thought through the role (if any) that cryptoassets should have in a professionally managed portfolio.<br><br>More fundamentally, few people even understand what crypto really is or why it might matter. Is it an alternative currency? A technology? A venture capital investment? A specious bubble?<br><br>The goal of this document is to provide the inquisitive investor with a clear-eyed guide to crypto and blockchain: what they are, what they are not, and where they might go from here.","PeriodicalId":18891,"journal":{"name":"Mutual Funds","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83697237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mutual FundsPub Date : 2021-02-23DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3791138
J. Chen, M. Rehman, X. Vo
{"title":"Clustering Commodity Markets in Space and Time: Clarifying Returns, Volatility, and Trading Regimes Through Unsupervised Machine Learning","authors":"J. Chen, M. Rehman, X. Vo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3791138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3791138","url":null,"abstract":"Unsupervised machine learning can interpret logarithmic returns and conditional volatility in commodity markets. k-means and hierarchical clustering can generate a financial ontology of markets for fuels, precious and base metals, and agricultural commodities. Manifold learning methods such as multidimensional scaling (MDS) and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) enable the visualization of comovement and other financial relationships in three dimensions. Different methods of unsupervised learning excel at different tasks. k-means clustering based on logarithmic returns works well with MDS to classify commodities and to create a spatial ontology of commodities trading, A strikingly different application involves k-means clustering of the matrix transpose, such that conditional volatility is evaluated by trading date rather than by commodity. This approach can isolate the two most calamitous temporal regimes of the past two decades: the global financial crisis of 2008-09 and the immediate reaction to the Covid-19 pandemic. Temporal clustering of trading days, unlike the corresponding spatial task of clustering commodities, is better visualized through t-SNE than through MDS.","PeriodicalId":18891,"journal":{"name":"Mutual Funds","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85109975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}