Nanotechnology, Science and Applications最新文献

{"title":"Design of the SLS-machine for PEEK","authors":"A. Nazarov, I. Skornyakov, I. Shishkovsky","doi":"10.33425/2639-9466.1006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9466.1006","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design of an additive setup for the selective laser sintering (SLS) of high-temperature polymeric materials, which is distinguished by an original control system for aligning the device for depositing layers of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) powder. The kinematic and laser-optical schemes are given. The main cooling circuits are described. The proposed technical and design solutions enable conducting the SLS process in different types of high-temperature polymer powders. The principles of the device adjustment for depositing powder layers based on an integral thermal analysis are disclosed. The PEEK sinterability was shown on the designed installation. The physic-mechanical properties of the tested 3D parts were evaluated in comparison with the known data and showed an acceptable quality.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74328749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradable Synthetic Polymers and their Application in Advanced Drug Delivery Systems (DDS)","authors":"I. Š. Jerbić","doi":"10.33425/2639-9466.1007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9466.1007","url":null,"abstract":"Natural and synthetic polymers have been used in pharmaceutical industry for many years and have important role in the development of the conventional dosage forms or for manufacturing of various drug packaging materials. In recent years, their important application resides in the development of the most sophisticated drug delivery systems where polymers are used as a drug carrier. Biodegradable polymers are particularly attractive for application in drug delivery systems since, once introduced into the human body, they do not require removal or additional manipulation. Their degradation products are normal metabolites of the body or products that can be metabolized and easily cleared from the body. Among that, synthetic polymers offer a wide variety of compositions with adjustable properties. These materials open the possibility of developing new drug delivery systems with specific properties (chemical, interfacial, mechanical and biological) for a given application, simply by changing the building blocks or the preparation technique. Such designed complex drug delivery systems where polymers are used as functional excipients have numerous advantages such as localized delivery of drug, sustained delivery of drug, stabilization of the drug, prevention of drug’s adverse side-effects, reduction of dosing frequency, minimization of drug concentration fluctuations in plasma level, improved drug utilization and patient compliance. There are range of differently designed drug delivery systems and their description and mechanism of action will be presented in this paper together with the prominent role of the polymers for each particular system. Additionally, most commonly used synthetic biodegradable polymers in drug delivery systems will be presented together with their degradation mechanism.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"22 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72621860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Alkaline Pre-Treatment on the Surface Modification of Napier Grass Fibres for the Properties of Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF)","authors":"A. Bono, Roselyn Gubal","doi":"10.33425/2639-9466.1005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9466.1005","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) fibres which hold 59.19% cellulose, 21.35% hemicellulose and 7.26% lignin were comprehensively characterized to evaluate their potential as building material for medium density fibreboard (MDF). The purpose of this work was to examine the effects of sodium hydroxide solution as an alkali pre-treatment in determining the best condition for lignin removal in Napier fibres. The treatments were conducted using NaOH concentrations of 0.5, 3.0, 5.5, 8.0, 10.0 and 10.5 wt. %. The morphology of the fibres was observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and its chemical compositional changes was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The study showed that the morphological observation demonstrated that the best concentration for the removal of lignin in Napier fibre was 10.5 wt. % NaOH solutions. It has been found that as the alkali concentration increased, the surface of the fibre becomes rougher which reduced the void content in the fibres. The fibres that were alkali-treated using NaOH solutions of various concentrations as well as the untreated one were subjected to single fibre testing. From the results of the single fibre testing, it is revealed that the 10.5% alkali-treated Napier grass fibres yielded the maximum and highest strength. This further signifies that alkali pre-treatment has significant impact on the production of MDF board from the non-wood fibres biomass such as Napier fibre.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83123591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Structural Integration of Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers with Multi-layer Graphene Patches","authors":"Alieze A.B., B. Dreyer, J. Aprojanz, C. Tegenkamp, F. Renz, R. Sindelar","doi":"10.33425/2639-9466.1001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9466.1001","url":null,"abstract":"Among the carbon based nanostructured materials, Carbon Nanofibers (CNF) have got unique prominence since past decade due to excellent mechanical and electrical properties combined by their cheap and easy fabrication process. CNF with graphene layered structure were developed by electrospinning of PAN (Polyacrylonitrile) and subsequent post treatments under specialized conditions. The assembly of graphene layers in the form of patches on the CNF surface was examined by Raman spectroscopy and TEM. Structural changes of CNF under different temperatures from 800°C 1500°C in reducing atmosphere have been investigated. Crystallite size, ID/IG, and FWHM for D and G characteristic bands were evaluated via Raman peak fitting and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. Results have shown that CNF carbonized at 1500°C with prior external straining (creep stress) applied during the oxidative stabilization process showed emergence of a symmetrical sharp 2D peak in Raman spectrum with I2D/IG ratio of nearly multi-layer graphene. High temperature heat treatment along with creep stress during the stabilization process results in transforming more of the amorphous carbon into the ordered graphitic domains, leading to assembly of graphene layers on carbon nanofiber surface.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91233613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The re-emergence of sodium ion batteries: testing, processing, and manufacturability.","authors":"Samuel Roberts, Emma Kendrick","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S146365","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NSA.S146365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the re-emergence of sodium ion batteries (NIBs), we discuss the reasons for the recent interests in this technology and discuss the synergies between lithium ion battery (LIB) and NIB technologies and the potential for NIB as a \"drop-in\" technology for LIB manufacturing. The electrochemical testing of sodium materials in sodium metal anode arrangements is reviewed. The performance, stability, and polarization of the sodium in these test cells lead to alternative testing in three-electrode and alternative anode cell configurations. NIB manufacturability is also discussed, together with the impact that the material stability has upon the electrodes and coating. Finally, full-cell NIB technologies are reviewed, and literature proof-of-concept cells give an idea of some of the key differences in the testing protocols of these batteries. For more commercially relevant formats, safety, passive voltage control through cell balancing and cell formation aspects are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"23-33"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/46/b5/nsa-11-023.PMC5989704.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36228769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid structures based on gold nanoparticles and semiconductor quantum dots for biosensor applications.","authors":"Margarita Kurochkina,&nbsp;Elena Konshina,&nbsp;Aleksandr Oseev,&nbsp;Soeren Hirsch","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S155045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S155045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The luminescence amplification of semiconductor quantum dots (QD) in the presence of self-assembled gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) is one of way for creating biosensors with highly efficient transduction.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The objective of this study was to fabricate the hybrid structures based on semiconductor CdSe/ZnS QDs and Au NP arrays and to use them as biosensors of protein.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this paper, the hybrid structures based on CdSe/ZnS QDs and Au NP arrays were fabricated using spin coating processes. Au NP arrays deposited on a glass wafer were investigated by optical microscopy and absorption spectroscopy depending on numbers of spin coating layers and their baking temperature. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as the target protein analyte in a phosphate buffer. A confocal laser scanning microscope was used to study the luminescent properties of Au NP/QD hybrid structures and to test BSA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The dimensions of Au NP aggregates increased and the space between them decreased with increasing processing temperature. At the same time, a blue shift of the plasmon resonance peak in the absorption spectra of Au NP arrays was observed. The deposition of CdSe/ZnS QDs with a core diameter of 5 nm on the surface of the Au NP arrays caused an increase in absorption and a red shift of the plasmon peak in the spectra. The exciton-plasmon enhancement of the QDs' photoluminescence intensity has been obtained at room temperature for hybrid structures with Au NPs array pretreated at temperatures of 100°C and 150°C. It has been found that an increase in the weight content of BSA increases the photoluminescence intensity of such hybrid structures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ability of the qualitative and quantitative determination of protein content in solution using the Au NP/QD structures as an optical biosensor has been shown experimentally.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"15-21"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/NSA.S155045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36074738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-based synthesis of silver nanoparticles from orange waste: effects of distinct biomolecule coatings on size, morphology, and antimicrobial activity.","authors":"Caio Henrique Nasi de Barros,&nbsp;Guilherme Crispim Faria Cruz,&nbsp;Willian Mayrink,&nbsp;Ljubica Tasic","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S156115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S156115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Despite the numerous reports on biological syntheses of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), little is known about the composition of their capping agents, protein corona of plant extract-mediated synthesis, and their influence on the properties of AgNPs. Here, orange (<i>Citrus sinensis</i>) waste was utilized as a source of an extract for AgNP synthesis (the protein corona composition of which was elucidated), and also as a starting material for hesperidin and nanocellulose extraction, which were used for bio-based AgNP synthesis. A comparison of the results using the two methods of synthesis is presented.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>AgNPs were synthesized using orange (<i>C. sinensis</i>) peel extract (Or-AgNPs) in a biological route, and using hesperidin (Hsd-AgNPs) and nanocellulose (extracted from oranges) in a green chemical route. Characterization of nanoparticles was carried out using zeta potential and hydrodynamic size measurements, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Elucidation of proteins from protein corona was performed via ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer experiments. Antimicrobial activity was assessed via minimum inhibitory concentration assays against <i>Xanthomonas axonopodis</i> pv. <i>citri</i> (<i>Xac</i>), the bacterium that causes citric canker in oranges.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Or-AgNPs were not completely uniform in morphology, having a size of 48.1±20.5 nm and a zeta potential of -19.0±0.4 mV. Stabilization was performed mainly by three proteins, which were identified by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments. Hsd-AgNPs were smaller (25.4±12.5 nm) and had uniform morphology. Nanocellulose provided a strong steric and electrostatic (-28.2±1.0 mV) stabilization to the nanoparticles. Both AgNPs presented roughly the same activity against <i>Xac</i>, with the minimum inhibitory concentration range between 22 and 24 μg mL^-1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the fact that different capping biomolecules on AgNPs had an influence on morphology, size, and stability of AgNPs, the antibacterial activity against <i>Xac</i> was not sensitive to this parameter. Moreover, three proteins from the protein corona of Or-AgNPs were identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/NSA.S156115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35977595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved delivery of the anticancer agent citral using BSA nanoparticles and polymeric wafers.","authors":"Benjamin White,&nbsp;Anna Evison,&nbsp;Eszter Dombi,&nbsp;Helen E Townley","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S148068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S148068","url":null,"abstract":"Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children, with a 5-year survival rate of between 30 and 65%. Standard treatment involves surgery, radiation treatment, and chemotherapy. However, there is a high recurrence rate, particularly from locoregional spread. We investigated the use of the natural compound citral (3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal), which can be found in a number of plants, but is particularly abundant in lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) oil, for activity against immortalized RMS cells. Significant cancer cell death was seen at concentrations above 150 μM citral, and mitochondrial morphological changes were seen after incubation with 10 μM citral. However, since citral is a highly volatile molecule, we prepared albumin particles by a desolvation method to encapsulate citral, as a means of stabilization. We then further incorporated the loaded nanoparticles into a biodegradable polyanhydride wafer to generate a slow release system. The wafers were shown to degrade by 50% over the course of 25 days and to release the active compound. We therefore propose the use of the citral-nanoparticle-polymer wafers for implantation into the tumor bed after surgical removal of a sarcoma as a means to control locoregional spread due to any remaining cancerous cells.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"10 ","pages":"163-175"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2017-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/NSA.S148068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35675621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A light-assisted in situ embedment of silver nanoparticles to prepare functionalized fabrics.","authors":"Her Shuang Toh, Roxanne Line Faure, Liyana Bte Mohd Amin, Crystal Yu Fang Hay, Saji George","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S139484","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NSA.S139484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article presents a simple, one-step, in situ generation of silver nanoparticle-functionalized fabrics with antibacterial properties, circumventing the conventional, multistep, time-consuming methods. Silver nanoparticle formation was studied with a library of capping agents (branched polyethylenimine [BPEI] of molecular weight [M_w] 10,000 and 25,000, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyvinylalcohol and citrate) mixed with silver nitrate. The mixture was then exposed to an assortment of light wavelengths (ultraviolet, infrared and simulated solar light) for studying the light-assisted synthesis of nanoparticles. The formation of nanoparticles corresponded with the reducing capabilities of the polymers wherein BPEI gave the best response. Notably, the irradiation wavelengths had little effect on the formation of the nanoparticle when the total irradiation energy was kept constant. The feasibility of utilizing this method for in situ nanoparticle synthesis on textile fabrics (towel [100% cotton], gauze [100% cotton], rayon, felt [100% polyester] and microfiber [15% nylon, 85% polyester]) was verified by exposing the fabrics soaked in an aqueous solution of 1% (w/v) AgNO₃ and 1% (w/v) BPEI (M_w 25,000) to light. The formation of nanoparticles on fabrics and their retention after washing was verified using scanning electron microscopy and quantified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The functional property of the fabric as an antibacterial surface was successfully demonstrated using model bacteria such as <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The successful generation of silver nanoparticle-functionalized textile fabrics without the use of caustic chemicals, solvents and excessive heating presents a major step towards realizing a scalable green chemistry for industrial generation of functionalized fabrics for a wide range of applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"10 ","pages":"147-162"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/74/c8/nsa-10-147.PMC5716315.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35653829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial characterization of silver nanoparticle-coated surfaces by \"touch test\" method.","authors":"Marianne Gunell,&nbsp;Janne Haapanen,&nbsp;Kofi J Brobbey,&nbsp;Jarkko J Saarinen,&nbsp;Martti Toivakka,&nbsp;Jyrki M Mäkelä,&nbsp;Pentti Huovinen,&nbsp;Erkki Eerola","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S139505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S139505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial infections, especially by antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria, are an increasing problem worldwide. AMR is especially a problem with health care-associated infections due to bacteria in hospital environments being easily transferred from patient to patient and from patient to environment, and thus, solutions to prevent bacterial transmission are needed. Hand washing is an effective tool for preventing bacterial infections, but other approaches such as nanoparticle-coated surfaces are also needed. In the current study, direct and indirect liquid flame spray (LFS) method was used to produce silver nanoparticle-coated surfaces. The antimicrobial properties of these nanoparticle surfaces were evaluated with the \"touch test\" method against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. It was shown in this study that in glass samples one silver nanoparticle-coating cycle can inhibit <i>E. coli</i> growth, whereas at least two coating cycles were needed to inhibit <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> growth. Silver nanoparticle-coated polyethylene (PE) and PE terephthalate samples did not inhibit bacterial growth as effectively as glass samples: three nanoparticle-coating cycles were needed to inhibit <i>E. coli</i> growth, and more than 30 coating cycles were needed until <i>S. aureus</i> growth was inhibited. To conclude, with the LFS method, it is possible to produce nanostructured large-area antibacterial surfaces which show antibacterial effect against clinically relevant pathogens. Results indicate that the use of silver nanoparticle surfaces in hospital environments could prevent health care-associated infections in vivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"10 ","pages":"137-145"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2017-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/NSA.S139505","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35643105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}