Nanotechnology, Science and Applications最新文献

{"title":"The Effects of Microalloying Elements and Temperaging Treatments Parameters on Nb-V Containing Cast Microalloyed Steels","authors":"E. F., R. J., Najafidejdehmonfared H","doi":"10.33425/2639-9466.1009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9466.1009","url":null,"abstract":"Electrically conductive composite material PANIZr(IV) molybdophosphate (PZMP) was synthesized, via treatment of Zr(IV) molybdophosphate with PANI (polyaniline) gel. The membrane of this material is fabricated for detection of mercury in waste samples. By using 4-in-line-probe the conducting behaviour of the material was determined, and it was found that conductivity of the nanocomposite lies in the range of semiconductors. The composite showed In this study, base composition without alloying elements and three microalloyed steels containing 0.08% wt V, 0.06% wt Nb and 0.06% wt Nb-0.1% wt V in induction furnace, in controlled condition, were casted. Temperaging were carried out on all of specimens for precipitation strengthening. For studying the influence of temperaging time and temperature, specimens with different chemical compositions were temperaged at 400,500,600 and 700 °C for 1,3 and 5 h. All of specimens in as-cast condition were studied using optical microscope and hardness tester. Results showed that as-cast specimens having ferrito-pearlitic microstructures. Nb-bearing specimens shows acicular microstructures. The heat treated samples were studied using Electron Microscope Analysis and hardness tester. Studying of mechanical properties of heat treated specimens, showed that because of precipitation strengthening, hardness of samples increased. By increasing of temperaging temperature in a constant time, hardness has an optimum value. Material To study the effects of microalloying additions and cooling rate on the microstructural and mechanical properties, three heats were produced in the form of 8Cm ×8Cm ×20Cm and 8Cm ×3Cm ×20Cm blocks. The chemical composition of these heats is shown in Table 1. Samle C Mn Si P S V Nb N Base 0.15 1.5 0.3 0.01 0.015 0.01 V 0.15 1.5 0.3 0.01 0.015 0.1 0.01 Nb 0.15 1.5 0.3 0.009 0.011 0.04 0.01 Nb-V 0.15 1.5 0.3 0.009 0.012 0.1 0.04 0.01 Table 1: Chemical compositions of alloys studied (weight %). The alloy designations in Table 1 show the main alloying elements in the heats. The base composition for all heats is 0.15 wt% carbon and 1.5 wt% Mn. Ferroniobium was added to some heats to raise the Nb level to 0.04 wt%. Furthermore, sulfur plus phosphorus levels ranged from 0.02 to 0.035 for all heats. Experimental results To assess the effects of microalloying additions on the mechanical properties, tensile, hardness and Charpy impact tests were conducted for each composition. In order to avoid scattering, three samples were prepared for each test. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used for justifying the variation in the mechanical properties. Samples of each heat were optically examined at magnifications ranging from 100 to 1000 times in order to observe major phases and their distributions. Moreover, pearlite volume fraction was determined quantitatively using an image analyzer. Scanning electron microscopy was used for more detailed study of pearlite. Optical microscopy The optical","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89668602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Horizontal Twin Roll Strip Casting of Aluminum Alloy A7075","authors":"Yuta Kashitani, S. Nishida, J. Ichikawa, Kentaro Tsunoda, Yuto Horigome, Y. Nitta, Hideto Harada","doi":"10.33425/2639-9466.1014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9466.1014","url":null,"abstract":"Twin roll strip casting of aluminum alloy A7075 using commercial scale machine was operated. Twin roll casting process is able to produce a strip from molten metal directly. Thus this process has a possibility to reduce total cost of sheet making comparing to conventional rolling process. Strip casting process has some disadvantages. Casting speed depends on the material properties. It is difficult to determine the casting conditions. Aluminum alloy A7075 has high tensile strength, and it is known as a material for aerospace application. The sheet is manufactured in small quantities comparing to the other sheet aluminum alloy. It is supposed that the demand of high tensile strength aluminum sheet such as A7075 is going to increase for weight saving of structural material. The aims of this study are to investigate the effect of roll speed on the strip. Strip could not be produced continuously at roll speed of 10 m/min, so the load limit of this experimental apparatus was exceeded. However, a good strip without cracks was produced. Continuous strip was produced at a roll speed of 20 m/min. The strip was consisted of a mat part and a metallic luster part. However, cracks were observed in the white mat part of the board. Continuous strip was produced at a roll speed of 30 m/min. However, rolling cracks were observed at the edges of the strip. It is necessary to control the solidification distance by installing the nozzle.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87429401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold Plastic Forming of ABS Plastic Pipe","authors":"Kentaro Tsunoda, S. Nishida, J. Ichikawa, Yuta Kashitani, Yuto Horigome, Naoki Ikeda, Hideto Harada, Nobuyuki Kamei","doi":"10.33425/2639-9466.1012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9466.1012","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes about cold plastic forming of ABS plastic pipe. Experiment and Finite element method (FEM) analysis of pipe expansion process were operated. The application of ABS plastic pipe for air conditioner is under consideration instead of metal pipe in Japan because of weight saving of air conditioner for lowering the gravity point against earthquake. The parts of ABS plastic pipe is generally produced by injection molding. The processes need the cooling time, and it takes much time. In addition, expensive mold die is needed for each application. Thus, cold plastic forming of ABS plastic pipe was proposed. The cold plastic forming of ABS plastic pipe chosen for this study is hardly studied by other authors. Product ability of cold plastic forming is higher than the injection molding or hot working. And the punch and die shape is simple comparing to these process. In this study, pipe expansion process was operated. The ABS plastic pipe has a 10 mm diameter and 8mm inner diameter and 1 mm thickness. At first, true stress and true strain curves at any strain rate were measured by ring compression test. Obtained flow stresses was used to FEM analysis. Experimental device for pipe expansion process was made by Dip Inc.. Objective inner diameter was 10 mm. FEM analysis was operated to clarify the deformation behavior such as load-stroke diagram. It was possible to produce the expanded ABS pipe. The whitening of worked pipe and strain recovery was observed. Analysis result was indicated the good agreement comparing to experimental result in load-stroke diagram.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76077119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart Materials and Structures: State of the Art and Applications","authors":"N. Ghareeb, M. Farhat","doi":"10.21767/2471-9838.100034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2471-9838.100034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000The world of materials is an exciting and challenging field of research since it has always played a dominant role in the evolution of human civilization. The demands from aerospace, defence, automotive and industrial branches on more advanced and innovative materials has led to the development of a new generation of materials with much better performance and capabilities than the existing conventional structural and functional materials. As a result, the era of smart materials has started. \u0000Smart materials can change their physical properties in response to a specific stimulus input. However, there is still a blurry image over the types and potential applications of smart materials. The objective of this paper is to define the field of smart materials and structures, together with its current status and potential benefits. However, more focus will be devoted to piezoelectric materials and results are presented and discussed. Finally, and in order to demonstrate the characteristics of one class of smart materials, two numerical examples are proposed and results are presented.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76725659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Bonding Character of Love Herbal Medicine: A Prominent Medicine Candidate for Preventing HIV Virus","authors":"Arend L. Mapanawang, Hendry. I. Elim","doi":"10.33425/2639-9466.1003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9466.1003","url":null,"abstract":"Anti-oxidant with a very high concentration of IC50 = 6.54 ng/ml extracted from zingiberaceae fruit (Halmahera Golobe) had made this local fruit a very good candidate for improving human health. Based on this finding, a medicine named as love herbal had been fabricated with a multitasking healing in human body problems. In order to analyze the physical working system of this medicine, one investigated the optical properties of it by using chemical bonding spectroscopy method. We obtain that such medicine has optical uniqueness behaviors contributed by 4 main types of chemical bonds named as N-H (Bending) at 1562 cm-1, C=C at 1697 cm-1, C C at 2070 cm-1, and C-H at 3013 cm-1 which might be closely in conjunction with multitasking healing of human body problems, for example in improving antibody protection of human body from cancer deceases, viruses problems, and the health of heart and liver. Such finding was then tested for handling HIV virus as a result with a new discovery that such virus can be reduced dramatically from ~8 million virus to be just about ~8000 virus as the concentration of the medicine increased.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73309247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation, Characterization and In-Vivo Antiplasmodial Activity of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles on Plasmodium Berghei Infected Mice","authors":"Hadiza Am, Taura Dw, B. Muhammad","doi":"10.33425/2639-9466.1002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9466.1002","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles were synthesized and assayed for antiplasmodial activity in vivo. MgO nanoparticles were synthesized using sol-gel process and characterized using SEM, FTIR AND UV-VIS spectral study to confirm the formation and size of the nanoparticles. 20% of LD50 value was used to formulate a graded dose of 300, 200 and 100mg/kg. Then 30 mice were group into 5 containing six mice each and were inoculated with 0.2ml of ANKA strain of plasmodium berghei intraperitoneally and were left for the next 7 days before treatment with the graded doses based on their body weight.20/120mg/kg standard dose of Artemether lumefantrine was use as positive control while negative control were given no treatment at all. Data were analyses using mean percentage parasite clearance rate, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey honestly significant difference test. MgO nanoparticles showed a remarkable clearance rate of 98.8% just after 24hours of administration and at the end of the four day curative model all the parasites were cleared from the blood. There was statistically significant difference between groups as determine by oneway ANOVA F (3,16) =24.30,p=3.36E-06. This clearly showed that MgO nanoparticles are superior in the clearance of the ANKA strain of plasmodium berghei in infected mice.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"65 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72417447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of the SLS-machine for PEEK","authors":"A. Nazarov, I. Skornyakov, I. Shishkovsky","doi":"10.33425/2639-9466.1006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9466.1006","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design of an additive setup for the selective laser sintering (SLS) of high-temperature polymeric materials, which is distinguished by an original control system for aligning the device for depositing layers of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) powder. The kinematic and laser-optical schemes are given. The main cooling circuits are described. The proposed technical and design solutions enable conducting the SLS process in different types of high-temperature polymer powders. The principles of the device adjustment for depositing powder layers based on an integral thermal analysis are disclosed. The PEEK sinterability was shown on the designed installation. The physic-mechanical properties of the tested 3D parts were evaluated in comparison with the known data and showed an acceptable quality.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74328749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradable Synthetic Polymers and their Application in Advanced Drug Delivery Systems (DDS)","authors":"I. Š. Jerbić","doi":"10.33425/2639-9466.1007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9466.1007","url":null,"abstract":"Natural and synthetic polymers have been used in pharmaceutical industry for many years and have important role in the development of the conventional dosage forms or for manufacturing of various drug packaging materials. In recent years, their important application resides in the development of the most sophisticated drug delivery systems where polymers are used as a drug carrier. Biodegradable polymers are particularly attractive for application in drug delivery systems since, once introduced into the human body, they do not require removal or additional manipulation. Their degradation products are normal metabolites of the body or products that can be metabolized and easily cleared from the body. Among that, synthetic polymers offer a wide variety of compositions with adjustable properties. These materials open the possibility of developing new drug delivery systems with specific properties (chemical, interfacial, mechanical and biological) for a given application, simply by changing the building blocks or the preparation technique. Such designed complex drug delivery systems where polymers are used as functional excipients have numerous advantages such as localized delivery of drug, sustained delivery of drug, stabilization of the drug, prevention of drug’s adverse side-effects, reduction of dosing frequency, minimization of drug concentration fluctuations in plasma level, improved drug utilization and patient compliance. There are range of differently designed drug delivery systems and their description and mechanism of action will be presented in this paper together with the prominent role of the polymers for each particular system. Additionally, most commonly used synthetic biodegradable polymers in drug delivery systems will be presented together with their degradation mechanism.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"22 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72621860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Alkaline Pre-Treatment on the Surface Modification of Napier Grass Fibres for the Properties of Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF)","authors":"A. Bono, Roselyn Gubal","doi":"10.33425/2639-9466.1005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9466.1005","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) fibres which hold 59.19% cellulose, 21.35% hemicellulose and 7.26% lignin were comprehensively characterized to evaluate their potential as building material for medium density fibreboard (MDF). The purpose of this work was to examine the effects of sodium hydroxide solution as an alkali pre-treatment in determining the best condition for lignin removal in Napier fibres. The treatments were conducted using NaOH concentrations of 0.5, 3.0, 5.5, 8.0, 10.0 and 10.5 wt. %. The morphology of the fibres was observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and its chemical compositional changes was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The study showed that the morphological observation demonstrated that the best concentration for the removal of lignin in Napier fibre was 10.5 wt. % NaOH solutions. It has been found that as the alkali concentration increased, the surface of the fibre becomes rougher which reduced the void content in the fibres. The fibres that were alkali-treated using NaOH solutions of various concentrations as well as the untreated one were subjected to single fibre testing. From the results of the single fibre testing, it is revealed that the 10.5% alkali-treated Napier grass fibres yielded the maximum and highest strength. This further signifies that alkali pre-treatment has significant impact on the production of MDF board from the non-wood fibres biomass such as Napier fibre.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83123591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Structural Integration of Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers with Multi-layer Graphene Patches","authors":"Alieze A.B., B. Dreyer, J. Aprojanz, C. Tegenkamp, F. Renz, R. Sindelar","doi":"10.33425/2639-9466.1001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9466.1001","url":null,"abstract":"Among the carbon based nanostructured materials, Carbon Nanofibers (CNF) have got unique prominence since past decade due to excellent mechanical and electrical properties combined by their cheap and easy fabrication process. CNF with graphene layered structure were developed by electrospinning of PAN (Polyacrylonitrile) and subsequent post treatments under specialized conditions. The assembly of graphene layers in the form of patches on the CNF surface was examined by Raman spectroscopy and TEM. Structural changes of CNF under different temperatures from 800°C 1500°C in reducing atmosphere have been investigated. Crystallite size, ID/IG, and FWHM for D and G characteristic bands were evaluated via Raman peak fitting and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. Results have shown that CNF carbonized at 1500°C with prior external straining (creep stress) applied during the oxidative stabilization process showed emergence of a symmetrical sharp 2D peak in Raman spectrum with I2D/IG ratio of nearly multi-layer graphene. High temperature heat treatment along with creep stress during the stabilization process results in transforming more of the amorphous carbon into the ordered graphitic domains, leading to assembly of graphene layers on carbon nanofiber surface.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91233613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}