Ndt & E International最新文献

{"title":"A quasi-static magnetic leakage detection method based on magneto-electric composite","authors":"Fei Tian ,&nbsp;Jie Liu ,&nbsp;Mingyong Xin ,&nbsp;Chenglin Li ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Xi Wang ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Fu ,&nbsp;Caijiang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing is widely used for structural damage monitoring of ferromagnetic materials. However, AC MFL encounters challenges in identifying buried defects due to the skin effect. DC MFL induces residual magnetism on the material surface under the influence of a strong magnetizing field, which often interferes with the leakage field signal. Therefore, this paper presents a quasi-static MFL detection method based on magneto-electric (ME) composite. By using the nonlinear characteristics of magnetostrictive curves, the detection of quasi-static magnetic leakage fields in Metglas/PZT composites is realized by frequency conversion technique. The feasibility of the method is demonstrated by theoretical analysis and simulation studies. Next, the proposed MFL detection probe is fabricated and the corresponding experimental platform for defect detection is established. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a high sensitivity for surface defects of 0.5 mm width, while the method using DC magnetization has large signal fluctuations and even leads to defect omission due to the interference of residual magnetism. The ME signal under quasi-static magnetization also exhibits a good linear relationship with defect depth. For subsurface defects, 0.5 Hz and 1.0 Hz are capable of detecting defects up to a maximum depth of 9 mm (close to DC magnetization) and the defect signal is larger than the DC magnetization signal. In conclusion, the proposed method demonstrates outstanding detection performance for both surface and subsurface defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 103522"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of material damage in welded joints using reflection of a bounded ultrasonic guided wave beam","authors":"Xiangdi Meng ,&nbsp;Weibin Li ,&nbsp;Shuai Guo ,&nbsp;Mingxi Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Welded-plate structures containing welded joints and parent plates are widely used in the engineering field. This paper presents a new method for assessing damage in welded joints by leveraging the reflection effect of a bounded ultrasonic guided wave (UGW) beam propagating in the parent plate. The reflection characteristics of the bounded UGW beam when it travels from the parent plate to the welded joint were initially analyzed theoretically. Subsequently, finite element (FE) simulations were conducted to assess the feasibility of using the reflection characteristics of the bounded UGW beam for material damage evaluation in the welded joint. The influence of different factors on the reflected field, including the incident angle and the extent of material damage (quantified by the reduced Young's modulus), was examined. It was observed that the defined damage index exhibited a significant correlation with the degree of material damage. To address practical engineering applications, a simulation of surface damage assessment in welded joints was conducted using a bounded UGW beam. The damage index showed a notable increase as the Young's modulus scaling factor decreased at a specific incident angle. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) comb transducer can effectively excite and capture the bounded UGW beam in the parent plate, enabling the effective evaluation of surface corrosion damage in the welded joint. The significant increasing trend of the maximum amplitude and damage index with the increase of the corrosion level proves that the reflection effect of a bounded UGW beam incident from the parent plate is more sensitive and reliable for evaluating surface corrosion damage in the welded joint. This study provides a theoretical basis, FE simulation, and experimental validation of a bounded UGW beam using PVDF comb transducers for damage evaluation in welded joints, showcasing its tremendous potential for practical engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 103520"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A physics-guided memory-enhanced semi-supervised approach for detecting weld defects in radiographic images","authors":"Mengen Shen ,&nbsp;Jianhua Yang ,&nbsp;Wenbo Jiang ,&nbsp;Yutong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep learning-based weld defect detection in industrial X-ray imaging is often constrained by scarce annotated data, high labeling costs, and poor generalization to unseen scenarios. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a physics-guided, memory-enhanced semi-supervised defect detection model (PMSDM). The model constructs normal pattern representations from easily accessible defect-free images via a localization memory module, enhances anomaly learning through artificial defects generated based on X-ray imaging principles to better define classification boundaries, and achieves fine-grained classification using a small number of labeled defect samples through a classification memory module. Localization and segmentation of tiny defects are performed via difference-based comparison with the memory bank, further refined by a spatial attention module that fuses multi-scale feature information. Experiments on the self-built dataset and the publicly available GDXray dataset show that PMSDM consistently outperforms traditional and deep learning baselines in terms of <em>Dice</em>, <em>IoU</em>, <em>Accuracy</em>, and <em>mAP</em>, while maintaining strong generalization under domain shifts. PMSDM offers an efficient and scalable solution for weld defect detection in data-scarce industrial environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 103521"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the acoustoelastic effect of longitudinal waves propagating inclined to principal stress directions in concrete: theory and experimental validation","authors":"Hao Cheng ,&nbsp;Katrin Löer ,&nbsp;Max A.N. Hendriks ,&nbsp;Yuguang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concept of acoustoelasticity pertains to changes in elastic wave velocity within a medium when subjected to initial stresses. However, existing acoustoelastic expressions are predominantly developed for waves propagating parallel or perpendicular to the principal stress directions. This paper presents a study on the acoustoelastic effect of longitudinal waves propagating inclined to the principal stress directions in concrete. The acoustoelastic effect for such longitudinal waves can be expressed using acoustoelastic parameters derived from waves propagating parallel and perpendicular to the uniaxial principal stress direction. To validate our theoretical statement, experiments were conducted on a concrete cylinder subjected to uniaxial stress. Despite slight fluctuations in the experimental observations, the overall trend of acoustoelastic effects for inclined propagating longitudinal waves aligns with the theory. This proposed theory holds potential for monitoring changes in the magnitudes and directions of principal stresses in the plane stress state.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 103519"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the parameterized hollow boundary identification method based on infrared thermal imaging","authors":"Peng Wei ,&nbsp;Chengyu Liu ,&nbsp;Jinhua Wang ,&nbsp;Dong Hu ,&nbsp;Changyu Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The problem of hollowing threatens the integrity of cultural relics. Infrared thermography provides a basis for identifying hollows but struggles to accurately determine their boundaries. Existing methods predominantly rely on conventional thermographic parameters and lack systematic studies on the extraction and analysis of thermally sensitive features of hollows under complex field conditions. In particular, research on the precise detection of hollow boundaries in rock art remains limited. Based on the theory of heat transfer, this paper constructs a distribution model of the temperature field in the hollow region, quantifying the dynamic characteristics of heat diffusion in the hollow area. A new method for calculating the hollow radius based on infrared thermography is proposed, and a correlation analysis of the unknown parameter β in this method is conducted using numerical simulation. Based on the analysis results, a quantitative relationship between the parameter β, ω and R is established. To test the accuracy of the computational method under complex surface conditions, calculations were performed on 200 measurement points with different hollow radii, among which 73 % of the points had a relative error of less than 14 %. The experiment also conducted a comprehensive analysis of the error performance of different methods from the perspectives of time and hollow size. The experiment also analyzed the error performance of different methods. This analysis considered both the time dimension and the size of the hollow areas. The experiment also conducted a comprehensive analysis of the error performance of different methods from the time and hollow size dimensions. The results show that the method in this paper achieves an average relative error rate of 9.89 % and a standard deviation of 0.22, compared to 16.69–24.82 % and 0.32–0.42 respectively in existing methods, demonstrating clear advantages in accuracy and stability, demonstrating the smallest fluctuation and the best stability compared to other methods. This method was also applied to on-site hollow detection in the Damaidi rock paintings. Its performance was compared with the on-site hardness testing method. Both methods gave similar results in identifying hollow boundaries. This further confirms the reliability and applicability of the proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 103517"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hardness detection in Friction Stir Additive Manufacturing (FSAM) based on the CEEMDAN algorithm and laser ultrasonic Spatially Resolved Acoustic Spectroscopy (SRAS)","authors":"Chen-Yin Ni ,&nbsp;Tao Shuai ,&nbsp;Yu-Chen Sun ,&nbsp;Kai-Ning Ying ,&nbsp;Guo-Qing Dai ,&nbsp;Zhong-Gang Sun ,&nbsp;Zhong-Hua Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>FSAM is an emerging high-value additive manufacturing technology. However, the variation in hardness of the formed parts due to manufacturing parameters limits its rapid development. Currently, there is a lack of effective non-contact, non-destructive testing methods for hardness in this manufacturing process. To address this, this paper employs laser ultrasonic testing (LUT) technology and uses SRAS to extract sound velocity by exploiting the center frequency of the narrow-band surface acoustic wave (SAW) generated by a pulsed laser, thereby characterizing hardness. SRAS signals from the surfaces of additively manufactured parts often suffer from significant noise. To address this, the Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) algorithm is applied. This algorithm decomposes the noisy raw signal into a series of Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). Subsequently, the modes primarily containing the signal are selected using the correlation coefficient for reconstruction, thus achieving de-noising of the raw signal. Simulation and experimental results show that this algorithm can extract the corresponding center frequency and SAW velocity from SRAS signals with a low signal-to-noise ratio. Comparison with hardness test results indicates that the SAW velocity and center frequency effectively characterize changes in sample hardness. In linear regression analysis, a coefficient of determination (<span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>982</mn></mrow></math></span>) is exhibited.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 103515"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of ultrasonic tomography and GPR full waveform inversion for internal decay detection in tree trunks","authors":"Zhijie Chen ,&nbsp;Hai Liu ,&nbsp;Xu Meng ,&nbsp;Pei Wu ,&nbsp;Toshihiro Yamada ,&nbsp;Nobuaki Ishizawa ,&nbsp;Kumi Kaneko ,&nbsp;Kana Yamashita ,&nbsp;Lilong Zou ,&nbsp;Yanliang Du","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Decay-induced necrosis and structural failure of tree trunks in urban environments pose significant risks to public safety. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) has gained widespread recognition for tree trunk decay inspection due to its high efficiency. Full waveform inversion (FWI) of GPR data emerges as a high-resolution technique that quantitatively estimates the permittivity distribution of subsurface structures by iteratively minimizing discrepancies between observed and simulated waveforms. However, the accuracy of FWI imaging heavily depends on the quality of the initial velocity model, which remains a critical challenge in GPR-based tree trunk analysis. This study presents an integrated approach combining ultrasonic tomography and FWI to enhance the detection and imaging of internal decay within tree trunks. Ultrasonic tomography is employed to generate a refined initial velocity model for FWI by analyzing variations in propagation velocity of ultrasonic wave through the tree trunk, thereby improving the accuracy of inversion results. The proposed method is validated through laboratory and field experiments, demonstrating its effectiveness in detecting and characterizing internal decay defects. Compared to conventional ultrasonic tomography, the integrated approach provides significantly improved imaging resolution and accuracy. These findings highlight the potential of complementary non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques for precise tree health assessment, offering a reliable solution for urban tree management and environmental monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 103516"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and experimental evaluation of eddy-current probes for prepreg fiber waviness inspection","authors":"Meirbek Mussatayev ,&nbsp;Qiuji Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite numerous efforts to achieve in-line inspection of uncured carbon fiber during manufacturing, standard non-destructive testing methods have yet to meet this challenge. High-intensity eddy currents generated by a figure-8 shaped elongated transmitter coil follow the paths of carbon fibers, enabling visualization of fiber waviness. An innovative finite element modeling (FEM) approach was implemented for precise simulation of current density distortions caused by surface waviness. To validate the proposed FEM method, this paper presents experimental findings on optimizing a directional eddy current testing (ECT) probe to detect in-plane waviness at the top surface of carbon fiber prepreg, along with a discussion of application challenges. This study explores the creation of six ECT probes by adjusting the angle between receiver coils of varying aspect ratios. Sensitivity assessments were conducted to examine the probe's capabilities in detecting fiber features of interest. The results indicate that the selected probe design, featuring rectangular receivers and a 10-degree relative angle between receivers, is capable of in-line inspection of targeted defects with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) exceeding 70. The effects of varying lift-off distance up to 1 mm on the selected probe's sensitivity to targeted defects were examined, with optimal sensitivity observed at approximately 0.6 mm and a SNR exceeding 6.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 103501"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Localisation of defects on carbon fibre surfaces using deep learning","authors":"A.J. Punathum Kandiyil,&nbsp;G.A. Atkinson,&nbsp;M. Damghani","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the application of deep learning for localisation and classification of common defects in carbon fibre materials. A Sony IMX250MZR polarisation camera was employed to leverage the polarising properties of CFRP surfaces. However, analysis revealed that the additional polarisation data provided minimal advantages. Instead, promising results were obtained using a standard monochrome output from the sensor. Defects were classified into two categories: “carbon fibre defects” and “foreign bodies”. A dataset comprising of 2400+ annotated instances for each type was analysed using two state-of-the-art deep learning models: YOLOv11-seg,for instance segmentation, and SegFormer for pixel-wise classification. Images were captured under three different illumination conditions including specialised dome lighting and strip lights in ambient environments. Each lighting configuration yielded promising results, with dome lighting demonstrating superior performance. YOLOv11 achieved an average precision score of 0.817 under dome lighting, compared to 0.672 in the least favourable lighting scenario. SegFormer slightly outperformed YOLOv11 in segmentation accuracy, achieving a mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of 0.742 compared to 0.678 for YOLOv11. The consistently high detection rates demonstrate the potential of both models for reliable identification of critical and minor defects, making them well-suited for industrial quality assurance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 103498"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of permeability and radius for asymmetric cylinders with double coils using a simplified analytical model of eddy current testing","authors":"Saibo She ,&nbsp;Xun Zou ,&nbsp;Xinnan Zheng ,&nbsp;Kuohai Yu ,&nbsp;Yunze He ,&nbsp;Wuliang Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a simple and efficient calculation method for evaluating a cylinder and pipe eccentrically placed in a coil pair. By introducing different equivalent radii, an approximate analytical model is established by adapting the Dodd and Deeds(DD) model. Numerical simulations using the finite element method (FEM) are conducted to verify the accuracy and reliability of the proposed simplified analytical model, showing a high level of consistency for both inner and outer double coils. Additionally, experiments are carried out, and the experimental results closely matched the calculated values, with the maximum average error rate being only 0.86%, requiring no more than average 0.061 s to obtain results.</div><div>This model not only provides a fast approach for calculating the response of asymmetric cylinders and tubes in eddy current testing (ECT), but also demonstrates excellent accuracy. An estimation method for cylinder radius, conductivity, and permeability under varying levels of eccentricity is also proposed. Experimental validation demonstrates that the estimation error remains below 5%, even in the presence of eccentricity. The method has potential for testing of cylinder or tube in industrial applications using ECT where eccentricity is usually encountered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 103494"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}