Ndt & E International最新文献

{"title":"Edge-reflected lamb wave exploitation for defect localization in square orthotropic CFRP laminates","authors":"Nan Zhang,&nbsp;Caibin Xu,&nbsp;Mingxi Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The edge reflection of Lamb waves contains rich information about the structure, and is a promising tool for the structural health monitoring (SHM) of composite laminates. However, related investigation on its applicability in orthotropic composite laminates are still limited. To address this issue, this paper presents a defect localization method based on multipath edge reflected Lamb waves, which can be used for the SHM of square carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) laminates that have orthotropic material properties. Firstly, the feasibility of using edge reflections to detect defects in orthotropic materials is analyzed, laying the foundation for the construction of a multipath model. A modified dispersion compensation algorithm is then developed based on the equivalent dispersion relations, so as to minimize the influence of the orthotropic property on the signal waveform. On the basis, a four-step implementation process of the detection method is established, including identifying edge reflected wave packets, tracking theoretical virtual wave paths, matching wave packets with virtual paths, and imaging the detection area by fusing images of multipath wave packets. Experiments on three different defect cases show that the method can localize the defect on orthotropic CFRP laminates accurately, even its position is near the edges. Compared with the widely-used delay-and-sum algorithm, the method also performs better in the presence of strong edge reflections, thus can be an efficient SHM tool for the orthotropic CFRP laminates of small sizes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 103413"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143806845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nondestructive testing of defects at pixel level with move contrast X-ray imaging","authors":"Zenghao Song ,&nbsp;Kang Du ,&nbsp;Ke Li ,&nbsp;Feixiang Wang ,&nbsp;Mingwei Xu ,&nbsp;Chengcong Ma ,&nbsp;Tiqiao Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>X-ray imaging is broadly applied for defect detection in industry and research. However, traditional X-ray imaging methods struggle to achieve high sensitivity for pixel-level defects (1–3 pixels) in noisy or scattering-dominated environments, such as metal workpieces or thick low-Z materials. To address this, we introduce move contrast X-ray imaging (MCXI), which leverages relative motion between the sample and imaging system to suppress noise and enhance the sensitivity of weak signal detection in complex backgrounds. MCXI has been successfully applied in fields such as biomedical imaging and high-resolution material studies, demonstrating significant noise resistance and sensitivity improvements. This paper extends MCXI to the testing of defects in static samples, aiming to solve the challenges of detecting pixel-level in high-noise and complex backgrounds. Numerical simulations demonstrate MCXI's capability for single-pixel defect detection. Synchrotron radiation experiments validate this technique through quantitative characterization of 1.54-pixel defects (1-μm polystyrene spheres) in low-contrast polyvinyl chloride (PVC) samples, achieving a CNR of 26.12 - representing a 14.04 × improvement over direct projection imaging. The method's industrial applicability is demonstrated through alloy steel pipe testing with 81.2 μm defects (8.12 pixels), where MCXI achieves a CNR of 15.16 (8.1 × enhancement) using laboratory-based X-ray systems. MCXI's seamless integration with both synchrotron facilities and industrial X-ray machines, combined with its noise-resistant characteristics, establishes a universal solution for high-sensitivity nondestructive testing in challenging environments with strong scattering and complex backgrounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 103400"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring high-energy X-ray phase-contrast microscopy at a diffraction-limited storage ring","authors":"Jisoo Kim ,&nbsp;Jae-Hong Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-energy X-ray microscopy is critical for imaging dense and large-scale materials due to its ability to provide deep penetration and reduced radiation damage. Incorporating phase-contrast imaging enables the visualization of subtle differences in density that traditional absorption techniques cannot detect. Despite these benefits, implementing phase-contrast imaging at high energies (<span><math><mrow><mo>&gt;</mo><mtext>70</mtext><mspace></mspace><mtext>keV</mtext></mrow></math></span>) presents significant challenges. The short wavelength of high-energy X-rays reduces spatial coherence and diminishes refraction, thereby limiting phase-contrast effects. The flux of emitted X-ray photons significantly drops at higher energies due to less efficient emission process. All of these challenges degrade X-ray phase-contrast image quality. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of high-energy X-ray phase-contrast imaging (XPCI) using propagation-based methods. Through rigorous wave propagation simulations, we explored the effects and importance of optimizing the source size and geometrical configurations to enhance image quality. Under optimized conditions at a fourth-generation storage ring, we successfully retrieved phase information of microstructures surrounded by similar materials, such as boron fibers in an aluminum matrix and dual-phase iron. These results provide valuable guidelines for designing high-energy X-ray microscopy experiments, helping to maximize imaging performance while addressing the inherent limitations of using high-energy for XPCI. Ultimately, this study provides essential insights for improving high-energy X-ray microscopy, paving the way for advancing non-destructive testing techniques for a wide range of challenging materials and applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 103395"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the detective quantum efficiency of a dual-energy photon-counting X-ray detector","authors":"Junho Lee ,&nbsp;Seungjun Yoo ,&nbsp;Seokwon Oh ,&nbsp;Seongbon Park ,&nbsp;Chang Hwy Lim ,&nbsp;Jong Won Park ,&nbsp;Jesse Tanguay ,&nbsp;Ho Kyung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photon-counting detectors (PCDs) are an emerging technology that provide energy-selective images for a single X-ray exposure. For studies considering PCDs for industrial non-destructive inspection, presenting a metric describing the imaging efficiency or performance of PCDs is important. In this study, we describe the imaging performance in terms of the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) and report the results of the DQE analysis for a sample PCD using a representative X-ray spectrum (70 kV and 21-mm Al filtration). The PCD, a mosaic of eight small detector modules, employs two adjustable energy thresholds and possesses a function called an anti-coincidence (AC) operation, which sums charges spread over four pixels into a pixel exhibiting the highest charge signal. The DQE measurements confirmed that, without correction for the signal and noise correlation between the energy bins, the DQE could be incorrectly overestimated. The AC or charge-summing operation effectively suppressed the signal and noise correlations between the energy bins, enhanced the modulation-transfer functions and removed the cross-noise-power spectra (cross-NPSs) but increased the normalized NPSs in each energy-bin image, degrading the resulting DQE performance. The performance gap between the measured DQE and theoretical models is discussed. The DQE forms and analysis methodologies presented in this paper will be helpful for researchers seeking to understand PCD-based imaging systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 103397"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On-line evaluation of yield strength in thin-walled specimens using laser ultrasonic technology","authors":"Junrong Li,&nbsp;Jiajian Meng,&nbsp;Jianhai Zhang,&nbsp;Yong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To prevent yield failure of thin-walled parts, an accurate on-line detection method is crucial. In this study, a laser ultrasonic technology (LUT) was proposed to inspect the acoustic behaviour of AISI type 304 stainless steel under tensile stress across time and frequency domain analysis. The specific acoustic parameters of LUT, including trough arrival time, trough amplitude difference, singular value decomposition entropy (SVDE), peak frequency, bandwidth, and energy distribution, exhibited distinctive characteristics at certain stress levels. Compared with traditional tensile tests, the yield strength determined by laser ultrasonic technology closely matched that obtained using the 0.5 % extension-under-load (EUL) method, with a slight difference of only 3.42 %. Additionally, through box plot analysis, the trough arrival time was confirmed as the optimal index for evaluating yield strength. These changes were further corroborated as corresponding to the yield stage through infrared thermal imaging technology. This research confirms that laser ultrasonic technology is an effective non-contact method for assessing yield strength, providing critical experimental and technical support for material analysis under operational conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 103405"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ILF diagnosis for steel wire ropes based on physical information under uniform circular array","authors":"Leilei Yang ,&nbsp;Zhiliang Liu ,&nbsp;Siyu You ,&nbsp;Mingjian Zuo","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Internal local flaws (ILFs) are a principal cause of failure in steel wire ropes (SWRs), and accurately assessing their condition remains a significant challenge. In this article, a novel localization and quantification method based on physical information under a uniform circular array (UCA) is proposed. First, simulations and theoretical analyses are employed to investigate the diffusion pattern of the leakage magnetic field induced by ILFs and the corresponding signal distribution within the UCA. Additionally, a relationship between the spatial position of the ILFs and the physical model is established, enabling precise determination of its location in the SWR cross-section. Quantification of the ILFs is further achieved by applying the physical information obtained to a radial basis function (RBF) neural network. Results from simulations and experiments verify that the proposed method can effectively determine the location of ILFs, maintaining a localization error of less than 1 mm. Moreover, by integrating localization, it enhances quantification accuracy, achieving precision finer than 1 broken wire. The proposed method provides a novel perspective for ILF analysis, contributing to the enhanced safety and reliability of SWRs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 103403"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143806846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative evaluation of fatigue cracks on compressor blades using laser ultrasonic technology under high-temperature conditions","authors":"Jiajian Meng ,&nbsp;Enpei Zhao ,&nbsp;Xianke Li ,&nbsp;Kunyi Liao ,&nbsp;Junrong Li ,&nbsp;Haomiao Fang ,&nbsp;Qiang Han ,&nbsp;Shuangwei Ma ,&nbsp;Hongwei Zhao ,&nbsp;Jianhai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Turbine blades in aero-engine compressors are frequently exposed to high temperatures and harsh conditions, making them highly susceptible to surface fatigue cracks and even the risk of induced fracture. In this paper, an online monitoring and quantitative assessment method for fatigue cracks in turbine blades under high-temperature environments are developed, utilizing laser ultrasonic technology. It is crucial to recognize that the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic waves in turbine blades with variable curvature remain unclear. To investigate this, two-dimensional curved surface simulation models are constructed using finite element analysis to simulate the propagation of ultrasonic waves in turbine blades with surface cracks. Numerical simulations demonstrate that surface waves excited by pulsed laser sources propagate without significant hindrance in curved structures, showing notable sensitivity to both longitudinal and transverse crack expansions. Thus, the surface wave transmission method is proposed to evaluate crack characteristics. By leveraging the established laser ultrasonic detection system, transmitted surface waves through cracks of varying sizes are captured with high precision. The excellent consistency with finite element simulation results validates the accuracy of experimental measurements. Fitting functions are derived by integrating simulation computations and experimental results to quantitatively evaluate crack depths and widths at 25 °C. In particular, the quantitative assessment of crack sizes at 300 °C is addressed by incorporating high-temperature attenuation coefficient. In addition, laser ultrasonic technology is employed for online monitoring of fatigue evolution damage at 25 °C and 600 °C, validating the effectiveness of the surface wave transmission method. The proposed technology is essential for in-situ monitoring of surface fatigue damage in operational blades under high-temperature conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 103402"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced detection and reconstruction of welding defects in irregular geometries using eddy current pulsed thermography","authors":"Dong Wang ,&nbsp;Qiuji Yi ,&nbsp;Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Rongsheng Lu ,&nbsp;Guiyun Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global pursuit of net-zero goals has accelerated the growth of solar energy, positioning photovoltaic (P.V.) systems at the forefront of renewable energy due to their efficient and sustainable electricity conversion. Detecting and classifying welding defects in P.V. systems—especially those with intricate surfaces and varying defect scales—is critical yet complex, as irregular geometries challenge traditional nondestructive testing (NDT) methods. To address this, we present an advanced framework integrating Graph Signal Processing (GSP) into Eddy Current Pulsed Thermography (ECPT). In this method, temporal thermographic sequences are mapped onto a graph topology, where nodes correspond to discrete time points and edges encode temporal dependencies through an adjacency matrix. The graph Laplacian operator, constructed based on the temporal adjacency relationships, is eigen-decomposed to project thermal response dynamics into the graph spectral domain. This transformation enables frequency-resolved analysis of time-evolving thermal waves, inherently isolating defect-induced transient signatures from steady-state thermal backgrounds. In our experimental study, Helmholtz coils generate a uniform current density combined with the novel framework, facilitating effective inspection of intricate surfaces by integrating 3D surface measurements with 3D thermography. Furthermore, we compare this method with other state-of-art algorithms. This multidimensional feature analysis framework robustly separates defect profiles from their backgrounds, addressing the unique challenges posed by the irregular geometries in P.V. systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 103398"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ nonlinear ultrasonic characterization of slip irreversibility and material hardening in stainless steel 316L","authors":"Changgong Kim,&nbsp;Hyelim Do,&nbsp;Kathryn H. Matlack","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work uses in situ nonlinear ultrasound measurements to study the relationship between the acoustic nonlinearity parameter <em>β</em> and the low cycle fatigue behavior of stainless steel 316L. The measured <em>β</em> shows a rapid decrease during hardening followed by a transition to a slower decrease in <em>β</em> as a function of fatigue cycles. Measurements show this trend is consistent at two different strain amplitudes. By comparing our results with prior work on dislocation characterizations in the same material, we hypothesize that the transition in slopes of <em>β</em> coincides with the planar-to-wavy transition that occurs at the end of hardening. Further, measurement results show that the parameter <em>Δβ</em>_<em>t-c</em>, the difference between <em>β</em> measured after the tension and compression portions of the fatigue cycle, depends on strain amplitude. The dependence of <em>Δβ</em>_<em>t-c</em> on strain amplitude is related to fatigue life through a power law relationship, similar to slip irreversibility. Overall, the results provided in this work suggest that <em>β</em> correlates with characteristics of low cycle fatigue, and thus supports the idea that in situ NLU measurements can eventually be used as a quantitative measure to predict fatigue life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 103401"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibilty of hyperspectral sensing for detection of early stages of corrosion in sturcutral steel","authors":"Amrita Das,&nbsp;Sattar Dorafshan","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The estimated global cost of steel atmospheric corrosion is 3–4 % of the Gross Domestic Product, despite decades of corrosion mitigation practice. Steel, widely used for infrastructure construction, is composed primarily of iron and therefore is extremely vulnerable to atmospheric corrosion. The free iron atoms are highly reactive with water and oxygen molecules abundantly found in the atmosphere. Noncontact sensing for corrosion detectiojn is limited to corrosion with visual manifestation. In this study, diffuse spectroscopy is investigated for the feasibility of corrosion detection before visual manifestation. A36 steel samples were exposed to a corrosive alkaline medium with increasing exposure time. The sample's reflectance spectra were collected in the visual near-infrared (VNIR) and near-infrared (NIR) ranges. The existence of early corrosion products in visual sound samples was verified using X-ray diffraction. Results indicated the presence of corrosion at 600–710 nm in VNIR with a maximum of 97 % change with respect to the uncorroded samples. Hyperspectral images at around 700 nm were analyzed, confirming the presence of corrosion at an incremental rate (2.71–12 %) as exposure increased.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 103399"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}