Ndt & E International最新文献

{"title":"Insensitive effect of crack length in non-electrically conductive materials on the displacement current field in electromagnetic induction testing","authors":"Wataru Matsunaga ,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Mizutani","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electromagnetic induction testing (EIT), an emerging extension of eddy current testing (ECT), has enabled the evaluation of non-electrically conductive materials by utilizing displacement currents generated by applying a high-frequency alternating current voltage. However, the fundamental detection mechanisms, particularly for crack characterization, remain inadequately understood. In this study, the effect of crack length on the displacement current field in EIT was investigated through finite element analysis (FEA) and experiments. FEA was performed to calculate eddy and displacement current fields in both electrically and non-electrically conductive materials with cracks of different lengths. The FEA results showed that the eddy current field changed significantly even for short crack lengths, whereas the displacement current field changed significantly only when the crack was positioned directly beneath the driver coil. In the experiments, different crack lengths were introduced into carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTPs) and glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRPs), both exhibiting in-plane electrically isotropic properties detectable by EIT. In CFRTPs, cracks could be measured regardless of their length, whereas in GFRPs, they could be measured only when they extended beneath the probe. These findings indicate that the displacement current field in non-electrically conductive materials is relatively insensitive to crack length, highlighting the importance of probe positioning when EIT is performed. These insights can aid in optimizing non-destructive evaluation protocols for composite structures in various field applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 103460"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser arrays scanning thermography with optimized excitation signals for efficient rail defect detection","authors":"Kang Tian,&nbsp;Jianping Peng,&nbsp;Qian Zhang,&nbsp;Fuben Zhang,&nbsp;Jinlong Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser Arrays Scanning Thermography (LAsST) leverages the advantages of multi-point laser by dynamically modulating the laser excitation signal, concentrating energy to amplify defect temperature differences, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of surface defect detection. Starting from the principles of dynamic laser modulation, and combining simulations of heat transfer and imaging, the superiority of dynamic laser modulation heating over other scenarios is demonstrated. Additionally, the relationship between thermography parameters and dynamic detection capabilities is analyzed. A comprehensive detection metric for defect signals was designed, and high-speed dynamic detection experiments were conducted on actual rail samples. The results demonstrate that the optimized dynamic modulated signal significantly increases the temperature difference for rail defect detection. Meanwhile, under the conditions of safe laser power and an economical thermography, high-speed dynamic detection at 10 km/h was achieved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 103461"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadband nonlinear RAPID: a baseline-free probabilistic imaging approach for single-defect localization using a sparse sensor network","authors":"Yusheng Ma ,&nbsp;Saeid Hedayatrasa ,&nbsp;Koen Van Den Abeele ,&nbsp;Mathias Kersemans","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Guided wave imaging is capable of efficiently inspecting large-scale samples and localizing defects by using a sparse sensor network. One of the most popular guided wave imaging implementations is the Reconstruction Algorithm for Probabilistic Inspection of Defects (RAPID). Yet, the conventional RAPID method requires a baseline, rendering it impractical under varying environmental or operational conditions.</div><div>This paper introduces the Broadband Nonlinear Reconstruction Algorithm for Probabilistic Inspection of Defects (BB-NL-RAPID) method, a baseline-free approach exploiting the lack of amplitude scalability induced by nonclassical nonlinearity at defects. Two sets of broadband sweep sine signals with different amplitudes are injected into a sparse sensor network to activate a multitude of nonlinear wave/defect interactions. The scaling subtraction method is employed to extract the resulting residual signal. The extracted broadband residual signal is then filtered and decomposed into a set of tone burst residual responses in the fundamental input frequency range, from which corresponding narrowband NL-RAPID damage maps are constructed. An automated estimation framework is implemented to extract the group velocity of the first arrival wave packet. Finally, a merging strategy based on principal component analysis is introduced to fuse all narrowband damage maps into a single BB-NL-RAPID damage map.</div><div>The proposed BB-NL-RAPID approach is first numerically illustrated on a simulated dataset using 3D finite element method which is representative for a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) with a kissing bond defect. The performance of the proposed BB-NL-RAPID method is quantified for (i) different signal-to-noise ratios, (ii) number of cycles in the tone burst decomposition and (iii) range of shape factors β. Experimental demonstration of the BB-NL-RAPID method is performed on a CFRP plate containing a barely visible impact damage, and on a stiffened CFRP A320 component with a disbond defect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 103457"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) tomographic imaging and estimation of the volumetric water content of a viaduct pillar using the simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique algorithm","authors":"Muhammet Ertuğrul Kara ,&nbsp;Aysel Şeren ,&nbsp;Fatih Köroğlu ,&nbsp;Hilal Alemdağ","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We efficiently modified a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) tomographic measurement setup for use on reciprocal surfaces on a concrete viaduct pillar for determining of the volumetric water content (VWC) of the pillar. Tomograms were generated to detect the relative dielectric permittivity (RDP) distribution using the simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (SIRT) algorithm by picking the first arrivals of the acquired GPR traces. The VWC was calculated from this distribution using a polynomial approach in the literature. As a result of this data analysis, the RDP of the studied viaduct pillar was determined as ∼5, and its VWC was found to be between 4 % and 6 %. Additionally, common-offset GPR data were acquired to monitor the fractures and inner elements of reinforced concrete and compare the calculated tomograms with the VWC of the pillar. In the tomograms, some parts with high water content were observed to have a low amplitude in the GPR sections. Finally, instead of time-consuming and destructive techniques for determining the VWC of concrete structures, this tomography approach can be applied as a non-destructive alternative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 103448"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noninvasive acoustic temperature tomography in multiphase materials","authors":"Abhishek Saini,&nbsp;John Greenhall,&nbsp;Eric Davis,&nbsp;Daniel Pereira,&nbsp;Pavel Vakhlamov,&nbsp;Craig Chavez,&nbsp;Dave Zerkle,&nbsp;Cristian Pantea","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Noninvasive thermal characterization of materials undergoing phase transitions is critical for a wide range of industrial applications, including monitoring thermal energy storage systems, lithium batteries, and manufacturing processes. Traditional methods, based on thermocouples and infrared imaging, are limited by their invasive nature and inability to capture subsurface temperature distributions, respectively. In this study, we present the first application of acoustic tomography to map the internal temperature distribution and phase transition. We employed both thin-ray and fat-ray travel-time tomography techniques to reconstruct the thermal gradients of phase transitioning material (PTM) inside the closed container. We observed good agreement between temperatures from acoustic thermal tomography versus thermocouples, with average errors between 5 °C–8 °C for fat ray and thin ray tomography. This noninvasive method successfully captured both the solid and liquid phases of PTM, highlighting its potential for monitoring phase transitions in other materials with complex thermal behaviors. The results of this study demonstrate that acoustic tomography, particularly fat-ray tomography, is a reliable and precise method for noninvasive temperature monitoring in phase-change systems and processes, opening up new possibilities for real-time monitoring of hazardous, sensitive, or otherwise inaccessible materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 103444"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic evaluation of CFRP bonding quality using stiffness and tensile prediction","authors":"Zeqi Bian ,&nbsp;Yan Lyu ,&nbsp;Jie Gao ,&nbsp;Xiehong Song ,&nbsp;Yang Zheng ,&nbsp;Bin Wu ,&nbsp;Cunfu He","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to develop a non-destructive evaluation framework for bonding quality in carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) adhesive joints by integrating ultrasonic transmission spectroscopy with finite element modeling (FEM), addressing the critical gap in detecting interfacial weakening in anisotropic composite structures.</div><div>Ultrasonic transmission coefficients were measured using a water immersion system for CFRP specimens with controlled interfacial roughness (600# to 60# grit). A hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-based Simulated Annealing (PSO-b-SA) algorithm was developed to inversely determine interfacial tangential stiffness (<em>K</em>_T) by minimizing discrepancies between experimental and theoretical spectra. A cohesive zone model (CZM)-based FEM incorporating inverted <em>K</em>_T and experimentally measured mode-I/II fracture energies (<em>G</em>_Ic, <em>G</em>_IIc) was established to predict tensile strength.</div><div>The transmission coefficient spectrum shifted toward lower frequencies as interfacial roughness increased, correlating with a 92 % reduction in <em>K</em>_T (from 1.77 × 10¹⁴ to 1.26 × 10¹³ N/m³). The FEM predictions aligned with experimental tensile strengths within 7 % error, demonstrating robustness across varying bonding conditions. The PSO-b-SA algorithm achieved &gt;98 % correlation between theoretical and measured spectra, outperforming traditional single-parameter optimization methods in convergence speed and stability. This work provides a systematic, non-destructive framework for evaluating CFRP bonding quality by linking ultrasonic metrics to mechanical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 103446"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term stability of laser processed reference samples for grinding burn detection with Barkhausen noise","authors":"Suvi Santa-aho ,&nbsp;Aki Sorsa ,&nbsp;Jari Olavison ,&nbsp;Per Lundin ,&nbsp;Jonas Holmberg ,&nbsp;Tuomo Saarinen ,&nbsp;Minnamari Vippola","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Barkhausen noise (BN) is industrially relevant quality control method which is used for process control of i.e. grinding. Similarly to any non-destructive testing measurement also BN measurement requires reference samples. Previously, laser irradiation method with optical pyrometer control was found to be an effective method to produce controlled and reproducible heating effect to metal surfaces. In this study, the long-term stability and changes in the laser processed reference samples were inspected. During the long-term stability survey, certain guidelines which are helpful for preparing the reference samples and evaluating the long-term usability of them were noticed. It was found that the sample initial structure should be as stable as possible prior laser processing. One key finding was that carburized, case-hardened samples are unstable for reference samples since the retained austenite decomposition over time may affect the BN signal levels making these samples unsuitable for reliable long-term use. In addition, the laser irradiation temperature needs to be optimized to produce significant change to the BN signal level. However, too high temperature would produce too altered area compared to production which might observe more easily mechanical effects from the dynamical use with BN sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 103441"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noncontact evaluation of steel mechanical properties using nonlinear laser ultrasonics","authors":"Cheng Qian ,&nbsp;Yinqiang Qu ,&nbsp;Nuo Chen ,&nbsp;Shengjun Xia ,&nbsp;Cuixiang Pei ,&nbsp;Zhenmao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantitative nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of mechanical properties, such as hardness, yield strength (YS), and ultimate tensile strength (UTS), is critical for industrial applications. Nonlinear ultrasonic (NLU) techniques have shown promise in linking microstructure evolution to mechanical performance through higher harmonics generation. However, existing methods relying on piezoelectric transducers face limitations, including coupling requirements, and restricted accessibility. This study proposes a noncontact, all-optical approach using grating laser-induced narrowband Rayleigh waves to address these challenges. By generating frequency-specific surface waves and analyzing second-harmonic amplitudes, nonlinear parameters (<em>β</em>) are extracted to evaluate steel samples under varied annealing conditions. Mechanical properties are concurrently measured via micro-Vickers hardness and uniaxial tensile tests, while dislocation density evolution was quantified via X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results reveal a unified exponential decay relationship between normalized <em>β</em> and mechanical properties (YS, UTS, and hardness), attributed to dislocation density reduction during annealing. Extended annealing diminished dislocation interactions, thereby lowering both nonlinearity and strength. The established acousto-mechanical model (goodness-of-fit &gt;0.97) demonstrates the feasibility of in-situ, single-sided mechanical property assessment, bridging acoustics with macroscopic performance. The work provides a noncontact framework for quantitative NDE, offering insights into dislocation-mediated nonlinear mechanisms and scalable industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 103445"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method for in-situ monitoring of corrosion in aluminum joints under Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy using a carbon nanotube-doped adhesive","authors":"Xoan F. Sánchez-Romate,&nbsp;Sonia García-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Najib Abu-warda,&nbsp;María Sánchez,&nbsp;Joaquín Rams,&nbsp;Alejandro Ureña","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel monitoring technique based on in-situ electrical impedance measurements is proposed for the analysis of the corrosion process in bonded Al-Al joints. For the application of this technique, the adhesive is modified by embedding a carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersion able to generate an electrical percolation network. A correlation between the electrical response and the evolution of the corrosion of the adherents is investigated when the joints are immersed in a 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution. It has been observed that the electrical behavior of the adhesive joint can be modeled by a series of resistance-capacitance (RC) and inductance-resistance-capacitance (LRC) elements. More specifically, the initial interface can be modeled with parallel RC elements. However, the ideal capacitive behavior of the interfaces becomes non-ideal when the immersion time increases, and the corrosion mechanism takes place at the interfaces. For short immersion times, the joint can be modeled by a Constant Phase Element (CPE), due to the formation of an Al₂O₃ layer and corrosion products, that promote a higher energy scattering. At longer immersion times the formation of spalled Al is observed, and the electrical model requires the inclusion of an additional R-CPE element within the interface, proving great potential for the in-situ evaluation of corrosion in such complex elements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 103443"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurate wave velocity measurement from diffuse wave fields","authors":"Melody Png ,&nbsp;Ming Huang ,&nbsp;Marzieh Bahreman ,&nbsp;Christopher M. Kube ,&nbsp;Michael J.S. Lowe ,&nbsp;Bo Lan","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Directional wave speeds variations in anisotropic elastic solids enables material characterisation capabilities, such as determination of elastic constants and volumetric measurement of crystallographic texture. However, achieving such measurements is challenging especially on samples with complex geometries. Here we propose the use of Green’s Function reconstruction from diffuse ultrasonic wave fields for accurate velocity measurements on components with arbitrary geometries. Strategies for accurate reconstruction, including averaging over an increased number of different source locations, using longer window lengths of diffuse fields, and accurately deconvolving a source-dependent factor, were implemented to achieve satisfactory convergence towards Green’s Function. Additionally, low signal intensity challenges from laser interferometers were overcome to enable non-contact measurement of the wave speeds, by making use of simultaneous excitation of sources to increase signal-to-noise ratio and signal normalisation to account for energy dissipation of diffuse fields. With successful demonstration using both phased array and laser receivers, this advancement fundamentally broadens acoustic wave velocity measurement capabilities to a wider range of environments and holds promise for future material characterisation of complex-shaped components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 103431"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}