Ndt & E International最新文献

{"title":"Simulation and experimental research on magnetic detection technology for closed crack defects of superalloys","authors":"Junjun Jiao ,&nbsp;Bo Hu ,&nbsp;Jianmin Gong ,&nbsp;Qifeng Zou ,&nbsp;Wenze Shi ,&nbsp;Fasheng Qiu ,&nbsp;Yi Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Closed cracks in superalloy components are characterized by their small scale, concealment, and irregularity, presenting significant challenges for accurate non-destructive testing (NDT). This study introduces magnetic detection technology and demonstrates its efficacy in detecting closed cracks through numerical simulations, model experiments, and a particle swarm optimization-support vector machine (PSO-SVM) classification method. Simulations were conducted to investigate the magnetic response characteristics of closed cracks with varying depths and sizes. Subsequently, the influence of excitation frequency and probe scanning direction on defect responses was analyzed. Using a custom-designed magnetic detection instrument, artificial groove defects in superalloys were tested, and a classification framework for closed crack defects was established. The results reveal a linear correlation between the abnormal signal amplitude and defect parameters, including depth, size, excitation frequency, and scanning direction. Experimental validation confirmed the effectiveness of the magnetic detection technology for identifying closed cracks with burial depths less than 5 mm. Additionally, the optimized PSO-SVM classification method achieved an average accuracy of 98.11 % for defect classification and 92 % for quantification. These findings provide critical theoretical and technical insights into the detection of closed cracks in superalloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 103463"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topological data analysis of coda waves to classify microstructural variability","authors":"Subal Sharma ,&nbsp;Firas A. Khasawneh ,&nbsp;James Wall ,&nbsp;Thiago Seuaciuc-Osorio ,&nbsp;Sunil Kishore Chakrapani","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coda waves are multiply scattered waves appearing in the later portion of ultrasonic signals. They have been typically used for detecting local macrostructural variations in different media. Here we show the promising potential of coda waves for characterizing subtle microstructural variations in materials, and demonstrate that these variations are encoded in the shape of their waveforms. Specifically, we utilize sublevel persistent homology, a tool from Topological Data Analysis (TDA), to quantify the connected components of sublevel sets that are parameterized by coda waves’ function value. We use the resulting persistence diagrams to extract features for classifying different microstructures of Grade 91 steel. The persistence-based features that were explored are Carlsson Coordinates, Tent Functions, and Interpolating Polynomials. We use these features to train a classifier for identifying the underlying microstructure, and compare the resulting accuracy to its conventional Loss of Correlation (LOCOR) counterpart. The results suggest that TDA methods consistently outperformed LOCOR in both inter-class and intra-class classification, achieving overall accuracies above 80% for 3-class classification and over 90% for 2-class classification. This highlights the ability of coda waves to identify microstructures, and the effectiveness of TDA in capturing sub-wavelength features from the waveforms. We believe that combining coda waves with TDA-based analysis can provide an effective tool for non-destructive evaluation and microstructure characterization in various industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 103437"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insensitive effect of crack length in non-electrically conductive materials on the displacement current field in electromagnetic induction testing","authors":"Wataru Matsunaga ,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Mizutani","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electromagnetic induction testing (EIT), an emerging extension of eddy current testing (ECT), has enabled the evaluation of non-electrically conductive materials by utilizing displacement currents generated by applying a high-frequency alternating current voltage. However, the fundamental detection mechanisms, particularly for crack characterization, remain inadequately understood. In this study, the effect of crack length on the displacement current field in EIT was investigated through finite element analysis (FEA) and experiments. FEA was performed to calculate eddy and displacement current fields in both electrically and non-electrically conductive materials with cracks of different lengths. The FEA results showed that the eddy current field changed significantly even for short crack lengths, whereas the displacement current field changed significantly only when the crack was positioned directly beneath the driver coil. In the experiments, different crack lengths were introduced into carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTPs) and glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRPs), both exhibiting in-plane electrically isotropic properties detectable by EIT. In CFRTPs, cracks could be measured regardless of their length, whereas in GFRPs, they could be measured only when they extended beneath the probe. These findings indicate that the displacement current field in non-electrically conductive materials is relatively insensitive to crack length, highlighting the importance of probe positioning when EIT is performed. These insights can aid in optimizing non-destructive evaluation protocols for composite structures in various field applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 103460"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser arrays scanning thermography with optimized excitation signals for efficient rail defect detection","authors":"Kang Tian,&nbsp;Jianping Peng,&nbsp;Qian Zhang,&nbsp;Fuben Zhang,&nbsp;Jinlong Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser Arrays Scanning Thermography (LAsST) leverages the advantages of multi-point laser by dynamically modulating the laser excitation signal, concentrating energy to amplify defect temperature differences, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of surface defect detection. Starting from the principles of dynamic laser modulation, and combining simulations of heat transfer and imaging, the superiority of dynamic laser modulation heating over other scenarios is demonstrated. Additionally, the relationship between thermography parameters and dynamic detection capabilities is analyzed. A comprehensive detection metric for defect signals was designed, and high-speed dynamic detection experiments were conducted on actual rail samples. The results demonstrate that the optimized dynamic modulated signal significantly increases the temperature difference for rail defect detection. Meanwhile, under the conditions of safe laser power and an economical thermography, high-speed dynamic detection at 10 km/h was achieved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 103461"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadband nonlinear RAPID: a baseline-free probabilistic imaging approach for single-defect localization using a sparse sensor network","authors":"Yusheng Ma ,&nbsp;Saeid Hedayatrasa ,&nbsp;Koen Van Den Abeele ,&nbsp;Mathias Kersemans","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Guided wave imaging is capable of efficiently inspecting large-scale samples and localizing defects by using a sparse sensor network. One of the most popular guided wave imaging implementations is the Reconstruction Algorithm for Probabilistic Inspection of Defects (RAPID). Yet, the conventional RAPID method requires a baseline, rendering it impractical under varying environmental or operational conditions.</div><div>This paper introduces the Broadband Nonlinear Reconstruction Algorithm for Probabilistic Inspection of Defects (BB-NL-RAPID) method, a baseline-free approach exploiting the lack of amplitude scalability induced by nonclassical nonlinearity at defects. Two sets of broadband sweep sine signals with different amplitudes are injected into a sparse sensor network to activate a multitude of nonlinear wave/defect interactions. The scaling subtraction method is employed to extract the resulting residual signal. The extracted broadband residual signal is then filtered and decomposed into a set of tone burst residual responses in the fundamental input frequency range, from which corresponding narrowband NL-RAPID damage maps are constructed. An automated estimation framework is implemented to extract the group velocity of the first arrival wave packet. Finally, a merging strategy based on principal component analysis is introduced to fuse all narrowband damage maps into a single BB-NL-RAPID damage map.</div><div>The proposed BB-NL-RAPID approach is first numerically illustrated on a simulated dataset using 3D finite element method which is representative for a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) with a kissing bond defect. The performance of the proposed BB-NL-RAPID method is quantified for (i) different signal-to-noise ratios, (ii) number of cycles in the tone burst decomposition and (iii) range of shape factors β. Experimental demonstration of the BB-NL-RAPID method is performed on a CFRP plate containing a barely visible impact damage, and on a stiffened CFRP A320 component with a disbond defect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 103457"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) tomographic imaging and estimation of the volumetric water content of a viaduct pillar using the simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique algorithm","authors":"Muhammet Ertuğrul Kara ,&nbsp;Aysel Şeren ,&nbsp;Fatih Köroğlu ,&nbsp;Hilal Alemdağ","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We efficiently modified a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) tomographic measurement setup for use on reciprocal surfaces on a concrete viaduct pillar for determining of the volumetric water content (VWC) of the pillar. Tomograms were generated to detect the relative dielectric permittivity (RDP) distribution using the simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (SIRT) algorithm by picking the first arrivals of the acquired GPR traces. The VWC was calculated from this distribution using a polynomial approach in the literature. As a result of this data analysis, the RDP of the studied viaduct pillar was determined as ∼5, and its VWC was found to be between 4 % and 6 %. Additionally, common-offset GPR data were acquired to monitor the fractures and inner elements of reinforced concrete and compare the calculated tomograms with the VWC of the pillar. In the tomograms, some parts with high water content were observed to have a low amplitude in the GPR sections. Finally, instead of time-consuming and destructive techniques for determining the VWC of concrete structures, this tomography approach can be applied as a non-destructive alternative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 103448"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noninvasive acoustic temperature tomography in multiphase materials","authors":"Abhishek Saini,&nbsp;John Greenhall,&nbsp;Eric Davis,&nbsp;Daniel Pereira,&nbsp;Pavel Vakhlamov,&nbsp;Craig Chavez,&nbsp;Dave Zerkle,&nbsp;Cristian Pantea","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Noninvasive thermal characterization of materials undergoing phase transitions is critical for a wide range of industrial applications, including monitoring thermal energy storage systems, lithium batteries, and manufacturing processes. Traditional methods, based on thermocouples and infrared imaging, are limited by their invasive nature and inability to capture subsurface temperature distributions, respectively. In this study, we present the first application of acoustic tomography to map the internal temperature distribution and phase transition. We employed both thin-ray and fat-ray travel-time tomography techniques to reconstruct the thermal gradients of phase transitioning material (PTM) inside the closed container. We observed good agreement between temperatures from acoustic thermal tomography versus thermocouples, with average errors between 5 °C–8 °C for fat ray and thin ray tomography. This noninvasive method successfully captured both the solid and liquid phases of PTM, highlighting its potential for monitoring phase transitions in other materials with complex thermal behaviors. The results of this study demonstrate that acoustic tomography, particularly fat-ray tomography, is a reliable and precise method for noninvasive temperature monitoring in phase-change systems and processes, opening up new possibilities for real-time monitoring of hazardous, sensitive, or otherwise inaccessible materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 103444"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic evaluation of CFRP bonding quality using stiffness and tensile prediction","authors":"Zeqi Bian ,&nbsp;Yan Lyu ,&nbsp;Jie Gao ,&nbsp;Xiehong Song ,&nbsp;Yang Zheng ,&nbsp;Bin Wu ,&nbsp;Cunfu He","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to develop a non-destructive evaluation framework for bonding quality in carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) adhesive joints by integrating ultrasonic transmission spectroscopy with finite element modeling (FEM), addressing the critical gap in detecting interfacial weakening in anisotropic composite structures.</div><div>Ultrasonic transmission coefficients were measured using a water immersion system for CFRP specimens with controlled interfacial roughness (600# to 60# grit). A hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-based Simulated Annealing (PSO-b-SA) algorithm was developed to inversely determine interfacial tangential stiffness (<em>K</em>_T) by minimizing discrepancies between experimental and theoretical spectra. A cohesive zone model (CZM)-based FEM incorporating inverted <em>K</em>_T and experimentally measured mode-I/II fracture energies (<em>G</em>_Ic, <em>G</em>_IIc) was established to predict tensile strength.</div><div>The transmission coefficient spectrum shifted toward lower frequencies as interfacial roughness increased, correlating with a 92 % reduction in <em>K</em>_T (from 1.77 × 10¹⁴ to 1.26 × 10¹³ N/m³). The FEM predictions aligned with experimental tensile strengths within 7 % error, demonstrating robustness across varying bonding conditions. The PSO-b-SA algorithm achieved &gt;98 % correlation between theoretical and measured spectra, outperforming traditional single-parameter optimization methods in convergence speed and stability. This work provides a systematic, non-destructive framework for evaluating CFRP bonding quality by linking ultrasonic metrics to mechanical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 103446"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term stability of laser processed reference samples for grinding burn detection with Barkhausen noise","authors":"Suvi Santa-aho ,&nbsp;Aki Sorsa ,&nbsp;Jari Olavison ,&nbsp;Per Lundin ,&nbsp;Jonas Holmberg ,&nbsp;Tuomo Saarinen ,&nbsp;Minnamari Vippola","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Barkhausen noise (BN) is industrially relevant quality control method which is used for process control of i.e. grinding. Similarly to any non-destructive testing measurement also BN measurement requires reference samples. Previously, laser irradiation method with optical pyrometer control was found to be an effective method to produce controlled and reproducible heating effect to metal surfaces. In this study, the long-term stability and changes in the laser processed reference samples were inspected. During the long-term stability survey, certain guidelines which are helpful for preparing the reference samples and evaluating the long-term usability of them were noticed. It was found that the sample initial structure should be as stable as possible prior laser processing. One key finding was that carburized, case-hardened samples are unstable for reference samples since the retained austenite decomposition over time may affect the BN signal levels making these samples unsuitable for reliable long-term use. In addition, the laser irradiation temperature needs to be optimized to produce significant change to the BN signal level. However, too high temperature would produce too altered area compared to production which might observe more easily mechanical effects from the dynamical use with BN sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 103441"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noncontact evaluation of steel mechanical properties using nonlinear laser ultrasonics","authors":"Cheng Qian ,&nbsp;Yinqiang Qu ,&nbsp;Nuo Chen ,&nbsp;Shengjun Xia ,&nbsp;Cuixiang Pei ,&nbsp;Zhenmao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantitative nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of mechanical properties, such as hardness, yield strength (YS), and ultimate tensile strength (UTS), is critical for industrial applications. Nonlinear ultrasonic (NLU) techniques have shown promise in linking microstructure evolution to mechanical performance through higher harmonics generation. However, existing methods relying on piezoelectric transducers face limitations, including coupling requirements, and restricted accessibility. This study proposes a noncontact, all-optical approach using grating laser-induced narrowband Rayleigh waves to address these challenges. By generating frequency-specific surface waves and analyzing second-harmonic amplitudes, nonlinear parameters (<em>β</em>) are extracted to evaluate steel samples under varied annealing conditions. Mechanical properties are concurrently measured via micro-Vickers hardness and uniaxial tensile tests, while dislocation density evolution was quantified via X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results reveal a unified exponential decay relationship between normalized <em>β</em> and mechanical properties (YS, UTS, and hardness), attributed to dislocation density reduction during annealing. Extended annealing diminished dislocation interactions, thereby lowering both nonlinearity and strength. The established acousto-mechanical model (goodness-of-fit &gt;0.97) demonstrates the feasibility of in-situ, single-sided mechanical property assessment, bridging acoustics with macroscopic performance. The work provides a noncontact framework for quantitative NDE, offering insights into dislocation-mediated nonlinear mechanisms and scalable industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 103445"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}